Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors begin by enumerating the various syndromes in which painful ophthalmoplegia may be observed (sphenoidal fissure syndrome, Collier's syndrome, syndromes involving the orbital apex, the cavernous sinus and parasellar syndromes; Raeder's syndrome, Gradenigo's syndrome and Fischer-Brugge syndrome). They then discuss the various causes that must be investigated in all cases of painful ophtalmoplegia. They consider in order: -- ophtalmoplegia due to general causes (especially diabetes) and neurological causes (e.g. multiple sclerosis); -- ophtalmoplegia due to common local canses space-occupying processes, vascular malformations, ear, nose and larynx infections); -- painful ophalmoplegia of unknown origin, which includes four entities of very differing importance (Gubler and Charcot's ophthalmoplegic migraine and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome of which the clinical symptoms and course are so different that they can be distinguished as two entities; and, secondarily, inflammatory pseudo-tumours of the orbit and the recurrent multiple cranial nerve palsies that are observed in South-East Asia). (Acta nurol. belg., 1977, 77, 331-350).
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PMID:[Painful ophthalmoplegia (author's transl)]. 2 45

There is a definite need for replacement estrogen therapy in menopausal women exhibiting vasomotor symptoms or osteoporosis, particularly if the woman has had bilateral oophorectomy. There is a less clearly defined need in women complaining of emotional symptoms. Atrophic vaginitis and trigonitis is usually best treated with topical application of estrogen, which does not have systemic side effects if used weekly; more frequent use can lead to vascular absorption. Some of the problems associated with estrogen replacement are dose-related and can be eliminated by using smaller dosages. Uterine bleeding can usually be controlled by administering cyclically with progesterine. Hypertension, thrombosis, and adenocarcinoma are problems associated with administration of exogenous estrogens; use should be undertaken with great care in women exhibiting these conditions and patients should be followed closely to make sure such conditions are not developing. Other conditions which may worsen with estrogen therapy are diabetes mellitus, seizure disorders, migraine, multiple sclerosis, collagen diseases, cholelithiasis, and hyperlipidemia. None except hyperlipidemia is an absolute contraindication but risk/benefit ratios must be considered carefully in these cases.
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PMID:Estrogens for the menopause. Maximizing benefits, minimizing risks. 19 9

Urine samples from members of 29 families of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and nine families with related disorders gave positive reactions when tested with ferric chloride. Column chromatography showed that this was due to the presence of abnormally large amounts of tryptophan metabolites, notably 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Affected pedigrees had a significantly greater prevalence of peptic ulcer, adult cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, migraine, and Parkinsonism than a control population. ICC may result from an inborn error of tryptophan metabolism in susceptible ethnic groups.
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PMID:Indian childhood cirrhosis: an inherited disorder of tryptophan metabolism? 69 56

4 cases of thrombosis of the intracranial venous sinuses (TIVS) which occurred in patients 22-38 years of age who used oral contraceptives are discussed. Of the 29 reported cases of this type, 19 of the patients died. There are 3 stages in the evloution of TIVS: headache, hemispheric focus symptoms (e.g., Bravis-Jacksonian crises), and a phase of dramatic aggravation (e.g., severe headache, coma). Arteriography of the carotid artery and cerebral scintigraphy are the methods used to diagnose TIVS. Besides such predisposing factors as diabetes, obesity, migraines, etc., the use of oral contraceptives containing estrogen seem to be a factor in the development of TIVS, particularly within the 1st year of estrogen use. The reduction of cerebral volume seems to be the best treatment for TIVS: anticoagulants and thrombolytic compounds can cause fatal hemorrhaging
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PMID:[Thrombosis of the intracranial venous sinuses after ingestion of estroprogestative agents. 4 cases]. 88 3

The clinical spectrum of forty-one cases of isolated third nerve palsy in the African (Negro) population is presented. A high proportion (58%) was due to cerebral aneurysm. Other causes were syphilis (15.5%) diabetes mellitus (11%), and ophthalmoplegic migraine (11%). It is evident from this study that, contrary to accepted thinking on this subject, there are no clinical features which reliably distinguish between these groups. Early cerebral angiography is therefore mandatory.
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PMID:The diagnosis and significance of isolated third nerve palsy in the African. 90 74

A case of chorea in a woman taking oral contraceptives, without a previous history of chorea or rheumatic fever, is presented. All laboratory findings were normal except for a considerable increase in triglyceride levels. Complete recovery occurred within 4 months after discontinuing the contraceptive treatment, without any other treatment. It is suggested that the contraceptive steroids may cause some metabolic disorders, which produce secondary vascular disorders. It is emphasized that oral contraceptives should be prescribed only to patients whose anamesis rules out precedents of or predisposition to vascular diseases (thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs, obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, tabagism, migraine, or temporary ictus).
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PMID:[Chorea and the use of contraceptives]. 100 33

Fifty-four patients with oculomotor nerve palsy who presented over a 21-year period at our institution were reviewed retrospectively. There were 38 isolated third nerve lesions, and 16 with additional cranial nerve involvement. Eleven cases were congenital in origin, and 43 were acquired. Of the acquired group, 31 were traumatic, 7 infection-related, 3 attributed to migraine or other vascular causes, and 2 neoplastic. Average follow up was 36 months. The congenital lesions were predominantly right-sided; amblyopia, although common, responded well to treatment. Trauma and bacterial meningitis accounted for more cases of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy than seen in the previous literature. In distinct contrast to the adult population, no cases of diabetes, posterior communicating artery aneurysms, metastatic tumors, or pituitary lesions were found.
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PMID:Oculomotor nerve palsies in children. 128 70

Forty men, ages 16 to 78 years, with sex-offending behavior, were treated with combined medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), group therapy, and individual psychotherapy. Twenty-three are pedophiles; seven, rapists; and 10, exhibitionists. Five had sex-offending behavior that began after head trauma. The duration of MPA therapy, usual intramuscular dose 400 mg/wk, ranged from six months to 12 years, usually more than two years. These men were compared with a control group of 21 men who refused MPA therapy. They had similar types of sex-offending behavior and were treated with psychotherapy alone with follow-up for a period that ranged from two to 12 years. MPA-related side effects included excessive weight gain, malaise, migraine headaches, severe leg cramps, elevation of blood pressure, gastrointestinal complaints, gallbladder stones, and diabetes mellitus. Of the 40 individuals who took MPA, 10 are still on therapy. Eighteen percent reoffended while receiving MPA therapy; 35 percent reoffended after stopping MPA. In contrast, 58 percent of the control patients, who refused and never received MPA, reoffended. Patients defined as regressed were much more likely to reoffend off therapy than the patients defined as fixated. Other risk factors for reoffense include elevated baseline testosterone, previous head injury, never forming a marriage relationship, and alcohol and drug abuse. In spite of significant medical side effects, maintenance MPA offers benefit for the compulsive sex offender by reducing the reoffense rate.
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PMID:Depo provera treatment for sex offending behavior: an evaluation of outcome. 142 56

The risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular disorders in 77 young patients (< or = 40 years) were compared to those in 138 older patients (> 40 years). The risk factor profile of patients with juvenile stroke was considerably different from that of older patients. Migrainous headache and mitral valve prolapse occurred more frequently in the younger age group, whereas hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were found more often in older patients with stroke. 65% of the women under the age of 40 took oral contraceptives which compares to the baseline community value of 28% of women in childbearing age in this country. Cardiac disorders such as atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary heart disease including a history of myocardial infarction, as well as mitral valve disease were demonstrated more often in the group of elderly patients. 7 out of 77 younger patients (9.1%), and 59 out of 138 older patients (42.8%) were considered to belong to a group with "high cardiac risk for stroke". The results of this study indicate that electrocardiographic screening is of prime importance for detecting cardiac risk factors. However, echocardiographic examination often yields additional diagnostic information, particularly in younger patients. The conflicting opinions concerning the relevance of certain risk factors for ischemic stroke could partly be explained by the fact that these risk factors are distributed unevenly depending on age.
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PMID:Different risk factor profiles in young and elderly stroke patients with special reference to cardiac disorders. 146 Apr 76

A case control study of transient global amnesia (TGA), transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and normal controls is described. Each of the 51 TGA patients, selected between January 1985 and March 1990, was compared with four controls (two TIAs and two normals) for the presence of vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking habits, cholesterol, triglycerides and haematocrit levels, heart disease, previous stroke), previous TGA, migraine, psychiatric illness and recent head trauma. Patients with TGA had less diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia than TIA. TGA subjects had significantly more hypertension (odds ratio = 3.31) and migraine (odds ratio = 8.67) than normal controls. During a mean of 17.4 mths of follow-up (range 1-96 mths), three subjects had recurrent TGA, one sustained a TIA and a minor stroke, but none had seizures. Thrombo-embolism and epilepsy are unlikely to be the cause of this benign disorder. The role is stressed of appropriate precipitants, including haemodynamic changes, and of individual susceptibility (of which migraine is probably a marker) in the genesis of TGA.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia. A case control study. 155 58


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