Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To become an implant surgeon means that one is ready to accept some opposition from part of the profession as well as to known all the shortcomings of conventional cataract extraction. A good knowledge of the history of implantation is necessary to avoid past errors in the shape, manufacture sterilization and in the locus of insertion of the intra-ocular lens. At the start few indications will be retained mainly unilateral cataracts traumatic or not, the aim being restoration of a full binocular vision. The interest of the test of Pulfrich is stressed for the follow up of cataract. A large number of contra-indications will be respected mainly corneal dystrophics or degeneration, uveitis, myopia, detachment and diabetes. The would-be implant surgeon has to train in modern extracapsular cataract extraction, learn the refinements of implantation technique with a full and constant respect of the corneal endothelium. He also should be able to cope with eventual complications and to suture the implant to the iris. He has at first to limit his choice to a small number of implant models which have proved safe: the iris clip and iridocapsular models of C. D. Binkhorst and the slotted-medallion of J. G. F. Worst. Experience will allow in time widening of indications and new improvements of technique.
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PMID:[The implantation of intraocular lenses (author's transl)]. 48 Aug 42

N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity has been measured in the serum and urine of primary and secondary diabetics and in primary diabetics with microangiopathy. NAG activity has also been measured in the tears of diabetics with ocular complications and diabetics with no ocular changes. Results have shown significantly higher levels of urinary NAG in diabetics with proteinuria (p less than 0.001) and proteinuria and retinopathy (p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between urinary NAG activity and serum creatinine (r = 0.28) or urinary NAG and the degree of proteinuria (r = 0.24). Increased urinary NAG levels were also observed in secondary diabetes associated with haemochromatosis and acromegaly. Significantly higher serum NAG levels were found in newly diagnosed diabetics (p less than 0.01) and significantly lower levels in chemical diabetics (p less than 0.01). Compared to non-diabetic controls tear NAG levels were significantly higher in the diabetic controls (p less than 0.01), in diabetics with retinopathy (p less than 0.01), and in diabetics with cataract formation (p less than 0.05). An assessment of this enzyme is made in relation to the development of diabetic microangiopathy.
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PMID:N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels and diabetic microangiopathy. 48 3

To minimize the risk of visual loss in diabetic patients, recognition of early signs of oculopathy is essential. Diabetes-associated third-nerve palsy is manifested by unilateral ptosis and exotropia. Symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma are intense pain, halos around lights, and blurred vision. Open-angle glaucoma does not necessarily produce symptoms and is treated medically. A gradual decrease in visual acuity, sometimes associated with photophobia and difficulty in night driving, and monocular diplopia, are manifestations of cataract. The patient with "background" retinopathy usually complains of blurred or distorted central vision. Once the macula is involved, vision progressively decreases. Although the relationship of metabolic control to retinopathy has not been settled, evidence indicates that good medical control of the disease may delay onset of vascular complications.
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PMID:Four common ocular complications of diabetes--and how to treat them. 71 Aug 91

214 patients who underwent cataract-extraction in 1973 were examined for systemic diseases. The average age of patients with (70%) and without (30%) general diseases was 67 years. The frequency of cardio-vascular and respiratory diseases corresponded to that observed in the general population of the same age. In contrast, the rate of diabetes mellitus was four times higher than to be expected statistically. The importance of an adequate clinical management of diabetic cataract patients is discussed.
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PMID:[Systemic diseases in patients with cataract-extraction (author's transl)]. 73 2

Forty-five patients receiving renal allografts were gradually converted from daily to alternate-day prednisone therapy. Indications for conversion included aseptic necrosis, growth retardation in children and adolescents, obesity, diabetes, cataract formation, and cosmetic appearance. Eight of the 45 patients developed acute or chronic rejection during or just after completion of alternate-day steroid therapy. The remaining 37 patients had a notable decrease in the degree of hypercorticism, with return of growth in children and adolescents. However, there was no improvement once aseptic necrosis or cataract formation had occurred. Although the use of alternate-day prednisone therapy is of benefit in reducing the untoward side effects of corticosteroids, the risk of precipitating allograft rejection is a significant threat and must be carefully considered whenever this form of treatment is undertaken.
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PMID:Alternate-day prednisone therapy in recipients of renal allografts. Risk and benefits. 78 1

Cystoid macular edema has become the most common and troublesome complication following cataract extraction. New techniques in cataract extraction, such as phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implants have not eliminated the problem, and careful studies are needed to determine whether they exacerbate or diminish it. Cystoid macular edema occurs in many areas of ophthalmology: cataract surgery, retinal surgery, uveitis, ocular tumors, diabetes, and arteriosclerotic vascular disease. Every ophthalmologist must, therefore, be thoroughly acquainted with methods for its recognition and with the inflammatory and vascular factors in its development. Prognosis and treatment are discussed, and the major gaps in our present understanding of pathogenesis are indicated, including the manner by which the vitreous changes following lens extraction lead to inflammation and the reason for the specific susceptibility of the mascular and disc capillaries to the inflammatory stimulus. Some hypotheses are presented.
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PMID:Cystoid maculopathy. 78 52

The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis in a series of 4,498 consecutive cataract operations, performed in a period of 10 years, was examined and found to equal 0.533%. Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was done in two cases and revealed Staphylococcus albus to be the causative organism in both instances. Conjunctival cultures were recovered in a further 17 cases, and showed S. albus in pure culture in eight cases and in combination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteous morgani in two cases. Streptococcus haemolyticus was isolated in pure culture in one case, while the cultures from six other patients were negative. The role of such factors as age, diabetes mellitus, chronic bronchitis, "weak ocular tissue", and persurgical complications which predisposed to postoperative infections was examined and found to have no significance on the occurrence of endophthalmitis in the present study. The visual end results were assessed and showed a better prognosis than generally expected. Of 24 cases, five achieved good visual acuity (6/6-6/12), 13 had a useful vision (6/18-6/60), while five remained actually blind (less than 6/60). In only one case was the eye enucleated. Methods of treatment and prophylaxis are described and discussed. A total suppression or elimination of all regional bacteria at the time of surgery seems to be the logical goal.
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PMID:Endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. A study of 24 cases in 4,498 operations. 80 83

The controversy as to the relationship between the degree of control of diabetes and the progression of the complications of the disease has not been solved. However, in this review, various studies suggesting a relationship between the metabolic abnormality and the diabetic complications are examined. The disadvantages of the uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can be divided into two major categories-short-term and long-term. The short-term disadvantages of controlled diabetes mellitus include the following: (1) ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma; (2) intracellular dehydration; (3) electrolyte imbalance; (4) decreased phagocytosis; (5) immunologic and lymphocyte activity; (6) impairment of wound healing; and (7) abnormality of lipids. The long-term disadvantages of uncontrolled diabetes melitus include the following: (1) nephropathy; (2) neuropathy; (3) retinopathy; (4) cataract formation; (5) effect on perinatal mortality; (6) complications of vascular disease; and (7) the evaluation of various clinical studies suggesting the relationship of elevated blood glucose levels and complications of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that until the question of control can absolutely be resolved, the recommendation is that the blood glucose levels should be controlled as close to the normal as possible.
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PMID:Why control blood glucose levels? 81 31

During a six-year period, an adolescent girl developed a polyglandular disease characterized by hypoparathyroidism, chemical diabetes, growth failure and pubertal delay, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. A slowly progressive neurological disorder occurred simultaneously, consisting of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, mitochondrial myopathy, ataxia, neural deafness, mental subnormality, atypical retinitis, corneal dystrophy, cataract, and increased protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid. An intracardiac conduction defect was also found. This disorder, the cause of which is uncertain, is termed oculocraniosomatic disease. Our patient is apparently unique in that there was an associated hypoparathyroidism.
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PMID:Oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease with hypoparathyroidism. 84 67

A 71-year-old woman complained of "smoky" vision, which was found to be caused by a hyphema with blood dripping from a vascular tuft located in the 12 o'clock meridian of the iris. Fluorescein angiography delineated vascular tufts and argon laser photocoagulation eradicated one of the tufts that bled. Histopathologic studies of iris obtained at the time of cataract extraction showed an aggregate of small vessels at the pupillary margin. Most patients with vascular tufts of the pupillary margin have no systemic disease but they are also observed in diabetes mellitus and myotonic dystrophy.
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PMID:Vascular tufts of pupillary margin of iris. 86 91


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