Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Poor glycaemic control and the duration of diabetes mellitus are known to accelerate development and progression of neuropathy. Diabetic co-morbidities: hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, have been postulated to associate with development of neuropathy. A diabetic foot with low temperature and frequent exposure to low temperature environment has recently been hypothesized to be at higher risk to develop early neuropathy. This cross-sectional study is undertaken to identify risk factors for diabetic neuropathy and the association between foot temperature and development of diabetic neuropathy by using simple clinical examination in the outpatient setting. From April 18, to April 30, 2005, universal sampling method was used to select 134 diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2 for >1 year) with peripheral neuropathy. Excluded are those with chronic alcoholism, drug-induced neuropathy, dietary history of vitamin B deficiency and family history of porphyria and hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy. The patient's duration of diabetes, glycaemic control status and the presence of co-morbids: hypertension and hyperlipidemia, were recorded. The temperature of the foot was measured by using thermo buddy. Of 134 patients representing Malaysian ethnic distribution with an equal number of males and females, 20.1% were in the age group of 61 to 65 years and, 85.1% and 67.9% belonged to lower socioeconomic and educational groups respectively. Associations between diabetic neuropathy and glycaemic control (p = 0.018) and duration of diabetes (p < 0.05) were significant. However, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and low foot temperature were not significantly associated with development of diabetic neuropathy. Poor glycaemic control is significantly associated with diabetic neuropathy. Foot temperature alteration is merely an effect of autonomic neuropathy with a cold foot is attributed to co-existing peripheral arterial disease.
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PMID:Alteration of foot temperature in diabetic neuropathy: is it another piece of puzzle? 1704 21

Results of recent studies give evidence of a pandemic of vitamin D deficiency due largely to insufficient exposure to sunlight. Epidemiological surveys demonstrated that vitamin B deficiency corresponding to blood calcidiol levels below 75 nmol/l or 30 ng/ml has negative effect on human health, increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders, malignant neoplasm, autoimmune and infectious diseases in proportion to the severity of deficit. Patients with extreme deficiency (calcidiol levels below 25 nmol/l or 10 ng/ ml) suffer osteomalation/rickets, diffuse muscular pain, myodystrophy, and enhanced risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D replenishment reduces the risk of bone fracture, neoplastic growth, diabetes of both types, infectious, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Being devoid of toxicity, vitamin D may be prescribed in a wide range of doses to patients from a variety of populations.
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PMID:[Disorders of vitamin D metabolism in clinical practice]. 2301 68

Vitamin B(12) is an essential micronutrient synthesized by microorganisms. Mammals including humans have evolved ways for transport and absorption of this vitamin. Deficiency of vitamin B(12) (either due to low intake or polymorphism in genes involved in absorption and intracellular transport of this vitamin) has been associated with various complex diseases. Genome-wide association studies have recently identified several common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fucosyl transferase 2 gene (FUT2) to be associated with levels of vitamin B(12)-the strongest association was with a non-synonymous SNP rs602662 in this gene. In the present study, we attempted to replicate the association of this SNP (rs602662) in an Indian population since a significant proportion has been reported to have low levels of vitamin B(12) in this population. A total of 1146 individuals were genotyped for this SNP using a single base extension method and association with levels of vitamin B(12) was assessed in these individuals. Regression analysis was performed to analyze the association considering various confounding factors like for age, sex, diet, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease status. We found that the SNP rs602662 was significantly associated with the levels of vitamin B(12) (p value<0.0001). We also found that individuals adhering to a vegetarian diet with GG (homozygous major genotype) have significantly lower levels of vitamin B(12) in these individuals. Thus, our study reveals that vegetarian diet along with polymorphism in the FUT2 gene may contribute significantly to the high prevalence of vitamin B(12) deficiency in India.
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PMID:Common variant in FUT2 gene is associated with levels of vitamin B(12) in Indian population. 2320 95

Thiamine or vitamin B1 is a water soluble vitamin of the vitamin B complex. It is synthetized by bacteria, fungi and plants and is an essential component of multicellular living organisms. Humans are not able to synthetize this vitamin and have to obtain it from different foods. Thiamin has a vital role in the normal function of the human body. It functions as a coenzyme in the catabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids and has an antioxidant role. It has an essential function in a series of metabolic processes related to energy production and conversion of sugar to ATP, as a catalyst in the Krebs cycle. It takes part in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and has a main role in the central nervous system and immune system. Deficiency results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, optic neuropathy, Beri-Beri and other disorders. Vitamin B deficiency in not rare and may occur in conditions related to malnutrition, alcoholism, diabetes, congestive heart failure and others. In this review an effort has been made to demonstrate the presence of thiamine deficiency in various clinical situations frequent in modern medicine, attributed in the past to populations with "classical" inadequate feeding and starvation, or severe malnutrition. Identification of potential causes of vitamin B1 deficiency, knowledge of its metabolic properties and the clinical manifestations of its deficiency are important for the implementation of early therapeutic response required for the reduction and prevention of symptoms related to this disorder.
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PMID:[THIAMINE--"THE ROAD EXPERIENCE" OF THE VITAMIN AS A MANIFESTATION OF DEFICIENCY IN A WORLD OF ABUNDANCE]. 2674 31