Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma lipoprotein patterns currently employed in attempts to identify different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia have been investigated in 113 hospitalized diabetics. For classification two methods have been compared: The first is based on lipid electrophoresis pattern in agarose gel coupled with the measurement of triglycerides and cholesterol. The second is based on plasma lipoprotein pattern obtained by separation of lipoproteins on cellulose acetate and following densitometry combined with estimation of cholesterol and beta-cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. It could be demonstrated, that the results obtained in agarose system are not convertible to data obtained with the method for quantifying lipoproteins. By quantitative analysis only 4 p.c. of diabetics had type IIa, 4 p.c. type V, the others type IIb or IV. Graphic plots and calculated concentrations of lipoproteins gave differences in lipoprotein profiles between compensated and acidotic diabetics. In diabetes stage 1 most values are in the normal range, in stage 2 prebetalipoproteins increase and betalipoproteins decrease. In some case betalipoproteins are elevated and prebetalipoproteins diminished. In stage 3 with metabolic acidosis we observed an altered lipoprotein profile with confluence of beta- and prebeta-peak. The calculated concentration profile was also different from the others and revealed no certain quantitative information described for other electropherograms containing alpha, beta- and prebeta-bands. This phenomenon was frequently observed in patients with acute viral hepatitis and severe chronic liver disease. The pattern in diabetics is representative for patients with an excess of plasma lipids (the 2.5 fold of normal values in the mean). It is characterised as a broad beta band on the electropherogram similar to type III pattern. Presence of beta migrating lipoproteins in the ultracentrifugal supernatand fraction of d = 1006 could not be demonstrated.
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PMID:[Different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia in diabetics (author's transl)]. 17 48

The prevalence of HBsAg and anti HBs was studied in 1062 inpatients in the city of Rio de Janeiro. HBsAg positivity rates were as follows: a) acute viral hepatitis: 37.8% b) chronic hepatitis 46.67% c) chronic liver disease without hepatitis: 7.69% d) diabetes 3.08% e) lepromatous leprosy 2.35% f) others 2.01%. The carrier state is emphasized. Anti HBs was less frequent in patients with acute viral hepatitis than in patients with other diseases (hepatic or not). The highest levels were: a) lepromatous leprosy: 57.65% b) drug addicts: 46.15% e) diabetes: 43.3%. The high anti HBs positivity is discussed.
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PMID:Infection by the hepatitis B virus in patients of a general hospital. 54 81

Diabetes mellitus is more frequently found in pateints with hepatic cirrhosis (about 10%) than in subjects without liver disease. Cirrhosis has been the main subject of interest in this respect. Very few studies have been made in viral hepatitis or steatosis. In about 40% of cases, the diabetes is identified before the cirrhosis. More often (in about 60% of cases) the diabetes is discovered at the same time as or after the finding of cirrhosis. This "post-cirrhosis diabetes" shows no clinical peculiarity. In about 80% of patients with liver cirrhosis when fasting blood glucose is normal, abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism are to be found by the oral glucose tolerance test. Approximately 50% show an abnormal response to intravenous glucose and 30% to intravenous tolbutamide. The "mechanism" of these metabolic abnormalities in liver cirrhosis is unknown. The following abnormalities are observed: 1) With similar glycaemic response to a glucose challenge, plasma insulin levels are higher than in patients without liver disease, suggesting insulin unresponsiveness. Resistance to exogenous insulin can be demonstrated. 2) Plasma free fatty acid levels are often elevated. 3) Plasma growth hormone levels are often raised. 4) Plasma glucagon levels are high when porto-caval shunting is present. 5) Potassium is often depleted. These metabolic abnormalities, in association with porto-caval shunting and hepatocyte insufficiency may explain the insulin resistance which characterises liver cirrhosis, and the diabetes which it may precipitate in predisposed persons.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus secondary to liver diseases. A review (author's transl)]. 79 27

To understand the content of ambulatory family practice and find effective ways to improve clinical service, education and research in the Department of Family Medicine of Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital, we surveyed 14,064 patients from Jan. 1984 to Feb. 1991 and analysed (a) their basic demographic data including sex, age, insurance type, source and residential district and (b) clinical health problems covering 25,679 diagnoses and 148,994 diagnostic visits. Clinical health problems were recorded by the ICHPPC-2 code system. Results of basic demographic survey were as follow: 49.1% of patients was male and 50.9% female; 58.9% fell in the age group of 16-40 years and 22.4%, 12.0% and 6.7% of patients fell into the age groups of 41-65, under 16 and over 65 years respectively; 62.8% was insured usually by labor insurance and 26.9% had no insurance; the commonest referrals were other patients, colleagues, company personnel, doctors, media ... etc.; 58.8% lived in Kaohsiung City and 19.6% in Kaohsiung county. As for clinical health problems, the data showed that the commonest thirty diagnoses encountered at our clinic accounted for 69.3% of 25,679 diagnoses and the commonest ten diagnoses in descending order were medical health examination, acute URI, abdominal pain, uncomplicated hypertension, prophylactic immunization, hepatitis B carrier, back pain, anxiety disorder, viral hepatitis and irritable bowel syndrome. By calculating the average value of each diagnosis in a sample of 148,994 diagnostic visits to evaluate the habits of practice, we found that the commonest ten diagnostic visits at clinic in descending order were diabetes mellitus, hypertension involving target organ, uncomplicated hypertension, gout, hyperthyroidism, duodenal ulcer, tuberculosis, lipid metabolism disorder, other peptic ulcer and depressive disorders; all were chronic diseases. We concluded it was very important and helpful for the development of family medicine program and primary care unit to understand the content of their own ambulatory practice.
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PMID:[The content of ambulatory family practice in Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital]. 156 Apr 75

Overall 995 children with different somatic chronic diseases were examined for viral hepatitis B markers demonstration using up-to-date highly sensitive methods (hemagglutination inhibition test, EIA). In the control group (children with acute intestinal infections), HBV-infection markers were discovered in 4.3%. Children with diabetes mellitus (13.1%), chronic renal diseases (18.9%), pulmonary diseases (32.8%), bronchial asthma (33.3%) and hemophilia (85.2%) are attributed to the group at greater risk for HBV infection. As a rule, the rate of HBV-infection markers demonstration in chronic somatic diseases was higher in considerable duration of the underlying illness. The overwhelming majority of the children examined had suffered subclinical forms of HBV-infection as shown by the disease history, whereupon they manifested antibodies against HBV antigens. HBs-antigenemia, that persisted for a long time (chronic HBV-infection) was demonstrable far less frequently. The authors provide evidence for the necessity of carrying out a broad-scale screening of HBV-infection markers in the indicated risk groups and vaccination against hepatitis B in children without HBsAG and without immunity to viral hepatitis B. The importance of measures aimed at preventing infections transmitted via blood is emphasized.
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PMID:[Frequency of detection of hepatitis B markers in various chronic diseases in children]. 161 3

We conducted interviews on 74 patients with histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma. These patients, aged 18-74 years, were black or white residents of Los Angeles County. We also interviewed 162 population control subjects who were comparable to the case patients by age, sex, and race. Cigarette smoking was a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma [relative risk (RR) = 2.1; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.1, 4.0]; the effects were similar in men and in women. Heavy alcohol consumption was another risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in men; men who consumed 80 g or more of ethanol per day had an RR of 4.7 (95% CL = 1.4, 15.4) relative to those who had never drunk alcohol on a weekly basis. The level of alcohol intake was relatively low in women, and no significant effect on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was observed. Use of oral contraceptives was significantly related to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in women (RR = 3.0; 95% CL = 1.0, 8.8); those who were exposed for more than 5 years exhibited a 5.5-fold increased risk (95% CL = 1.2, 24.8). The effects of these three risk factors on hepatocellular carcinoma development were independent of each other and independent of serologically determined viral hepatitis. Our data suggest that cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of oral contraceptives are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among non-Asian residents of Los Angeles County. We also observed a significant association between a history of diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 3.3; 95% CL = 1.5, 7.2), especially among those who had received insulin treatment (RR = 18.5; 95% CL = 2.2, 156.0). This association may have etiological significance.
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PMID:Nonviral risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in a low-risk population, the non-Asians of Los Angeles County, California. 166 May 42

Using computerized in-patients' discharge records, a descriptive analysis was carried out of all medical admission in 1987 in a general hospital. The survey found that there were a total of 4053 admissions in 1987. A wide range of medical disorders were seen reflecting the lack of subspecialization. Cardiovascular disorders topped accounting for 25.6% of all admissions, followed by gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders 12.8% and respiratory disorders 10.7%. The commonest specific medical disorders seen were hypertension 13.8%, diabetes mellitus 10.2%, ischaemic heart disease 7% and asthma 4.5%. The age, sex, ethnic and geographical distributions of the common medical disorders seen appear to conform to two broad pattern; hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease affected the older patients, had even ethic distribution and predominantly urban. Malaria, non-specific fever, viral hepatitis and acute gastroenteritis affected the younger patients, predominantly rural and Malay. Information from such surveys may be useful for planning and organization of medical services.
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PMID:Descriptive analysis of total medical admissions and common medical disorders in 1987 Kuantan General Hospital, using computerized in-patients' discharge record. 183 19

Alcoholic liver disease includes steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Other liver diseases of genetic origin, but with a curious association with alcohol intake, are hemochromatosis and porphyria cutanea tarda. The attribution of chronic hepatitis to alcohol intake remains speculative, and the association may reflect hepatitis C infection. Hepatic injury attributed to alcohol includes the changes reported in the fetal alcohol syndrome. Steatosis, the characteristic consequence of excess alcohol intake, is usually macrovesicular and rarely microvesicular. Acute intrahepatic cholestasis, which in rare instances accompanies steatosis, must be distinguished from other causes of intrahepatic cholestasis (e.g., drug-induced) and from mechanical obstruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts (e.g., pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis) before being accepted. Alcoholic hepatitis (steatonecrosis) is characterized by a constellation of lesions: steatosis, Mallory bodies (with or without a neutrophilic inflammatory response), megamitochondria, occlusive lesions of terminal hepatic venules, and a lattice-like pattern of pericellular fibrosis. All these lesions mainly affect zone 3 of the hepatic acinus. Other changes, observed at the ultrastructural level, are of importance in progression of the disease. They include widespread cytoplasmic shedding, and capillarization and defenestration of sinusoids. Progressive fibrosis complicating alcoholic hepatitis eventually leads to cirrhosis that is typically micronodular but can evolve to a mixed or macronodular pattern. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs in 5 to 15% of patients with alcoholic liver disease. The clinical syndrome of alcoholic liver disease is the result of three factors--parenchymal insufficiency, portal hypertension and the clinical consequences of extrahepatic damage produced by alcohol. At the several phases of the life history of alcoholic liver disease, the individual factors play a different role. The clinical manifestations of alcoholic steatosis are mainly extrahepatic in origin. Those of alcoholic hepatitis reflect mainly parenchymal insufficiency and those of cirrhosis are mainly those of portal hypertension. Alcoholic liver injury appears to be generated by the effects of ethanol metabolism and the toxic effects of acetaldehyde, perhaps the immune responses to alcohol- or acetaldehyde-altered proteins, and questionably enhanced by viral hepatitis. Alcoholic hepatitis may be mimicked histologically, and to a varying degree clinically, by a number of conditions (obesity, diabetes, several drug-induced injuries, jejunoileal bypass, and related "shortcircuiting" of the bowel). Perhaps the most important facet of the hepatotoxicity of alcohol is its enhancement of the effects of a number of other hepatotoxic agents, among which acetaminophen is the prime example.
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PMID:Alcoholic liver disease: pathologic, pathogenetic and clinical aspects. 205 45

In view of the increasing incidence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in western Europe and concern that this may in part be related to long-term use of drugs which cause hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, we undertook a comparison of long-term drug use in 105 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and equal numbers of age and sex-matched patients with colorectal tumours and with fractures of femur. We found no patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were long-term anticonvulsant users and only one who used oral contraceptives. However, we observed a four-fold excess of diabetic patients among the group with hepatocellular carcinoma. This association did not appear to be due to pre-existing haemochromatosis, alcoholic cirrhosis or viral hepatitis. The association was strongest in patients receiving drug treatment for diabetes, but the data, although suggestive, were insufficient to determine whether any specific anti-diabetic agent could be responsible. Further studies are required to elucidate the nature of this unexpected association. An association of this magnitude with diabetes mellitus could account at least in part for the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in western Europe.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 281 32

The indications for cortisone administration as well as of its derivatives in the treatment of viral hepatitis (VH) have been discussed on the base of personal experience and literature data. It has been concluded that cortisone has lost its role in the treatment of VH because of its numerous negative effects, recurrences, steroid diabetes, ulcers, hemorrhages, liability to infections, and most important--the liability to chronification and long-term carriership in VHB. Manifested intoxication phenomena and impeding and present endogenic hepatic coma, remain for the present, the main indications for cortisone treatment in VH. In VHA and VH non A--non B it is not necessary and in VHB it could even by admitted to be contraindicated due to the risk of chronification and long-term carriership. It has been emphasized that post-transfusion hepatitis are with the severest course, responsible for the lethality, hence the main treatment in them remains the prophylaxis with passive and active immunization.
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PMID:[Treatment of acute viral hepatitis with cortisone]. 309 52


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