Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The analysis of IgE in aqueous humor yielded an average concentration of 3.4 +/- 0.97 U/ml for 22 cataract patients and 5.5 +/- 3.42 U/ml for five uveitis patients. The IgE level in aqueous humor (IgEa.h.) of the cases examined is most probably, beside hematoocular diffusion of serum IgEs, the result of intra-ocular IgE production. In comparison with (mostly normal) IgEs levels, the IgEa.h. concentration appears relatively elevated, not only with uveitis patients, but also with cataract patients, above all when lenticular opacity is accompanied by other ophthalmic diseases (glaucoma, high myopia, diabetes). This "increase" of IgEa.h. concentration in very probably due to the radioimmunosorbent (RIST) technique employed, the most sensitive method available at the time of the present study. Thus, the calculated IgEa.h. value in the cataractous eyes should be regarded simply as approximate to the normal IgEa.h. concentration. These values are of clinical significance however, since a reference IgEa.h. mean-value is indispensable to the interpretation of pathologically high IgEa.h. levels and ethics do not permit of IgEa.h. determination in healthy eyes. The mean IgEa.h. levels of the delayed-type uveitis and cataract patients examined reveal no significant differences. IgEa.h. determination could make a contribution to the etiological clarification of, for example, immediate-type uveitis cases and intra-ocular parasitosis and serve as an appropriate model to study intra-ocular immunomechanisms.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin E in human aqueous humor and corresponding serum. A physiopathological and clinical study. 31 97

To become an implant surgeon means that one is ready to accept some opposition from part of the profession as well as to known all the shortcomings of conventional cataract extraction. A good knowledge of the history of implantation is necessary to avoid past errors in the shape, manufacture sterilization and in the locus of insertion of the intra-ocular lens. At the start few indications will be retained mainly unilateral cataracts traumatic or not, the aim being restoration of a full binocular vision. The interest of the test of Pulfrich is stressed for the follow up of cataract. A large number of contra-indications will be respected mainly corneal dystrophics or degeneration, uveitis, myopia, detachment and diabetes. The would-be implant surgeon has to train in modern extracapsular cataract extraction, learn the refinements of implantation technique with a full and constant respect of the corneal endothelium. He also should be able to cope with eventual complications and to suture the implant to the iris. He has at first to limit his choice to a small number of implant models which have proved safe: the iris clip and iridocapsular models of C. D. Binkhorst and the slotted-medallion of J. G. F. Worst. Experience will allow in time widening of indications and new improvements of technique.
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PMID:[The implantation of intraocular lenses (author's transl)]. 48 Aug 42

In 66 patients with a rubeosis iridis due to diabetes mellitus (25), old central retinal vein occlusion (22), long-standing secondary angle-closure glaucoma (6), total old retinal detachment (3) and chronic uveitis (10), iris angiography was performed. Typical angiographical findings were found in some of the cases. One can differentiate the different modes of formation of the new vessels; angiographically, rubeosis iridis is never a congestion of preexisting vessels but rather an active vascular proliferation which is always permeable to fluorescein.
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PMID:[Irisangiography of rubeosis iridis]. 63 61

The ultrastructure of rubeosis iridis in sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease is described for the first time. Findings included open interendothelial cell junctions, intraendothelial cytoplasmic attenuations (fenestrations), and pericyte formation. The ultrastructural appearance of rubeosis iridis gives no clue to the underlying etiology and is similar to that reported in rubeosis associated with diabetes mellitus, central retinal vein occlusion, and uveitis. The electron microscopic findings explain the functional incompetence of rubeotic vessels that are manifested by transmural leakage of fluorescein.
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PMID:Rubeosis iridis and glaucoma associated with sickle cell retinopathy: a light and electron microscopic study. 74 Mar 65

Cystoid macular edema has become the most common and troublesome complication following cataract extraction. New techniques in cataract extraction, such as phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implants have not eliminated the problem, and careful studies are needed to determine whether they exacerbate or diminish it. Cystoid macular edema occurs in many areas of ophthalmology: cataract surgery, retinal surgery, uveitis, ocular tumors, diabetes, and arteriosclerotic vascular disease. Every ophthalmologist must, therefore, be thoroughly acquainted with methods for its recognition and with the inflammatory and vascular factors in its development. Prognosis and treatment are discussed, and the major gaps in our present understanding of pathogenesis are indicated, including the manner by which the vitreous changes following lens extraction lead to inflammation and the reason for the specific susceptibility of the mascular and disc capillaries to the inflammatory stimulus. Some hypotheses are presented.
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PMID:Cystoid maculopathy. 78 52

Out of 103 patients with uveitis, 14.5% of the cases showed pre-clinical diabetes mellitus. This number exceeds by far the average frequency of approx. 6% of pre-clinical diabetes. On account of these findings, the diabetes mellitus is assumed to be a co-factor of the development of uveitis. In order to clarify the cause of uveitis, the glucose tolerancetest should be given preference in the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus--not an aetiological factor of uveitis? (author's transl)]. 96 69

A conference entitled 'General Medicine and Ophthalmology' was held at the Royal College of Physicians on 1 June, 1992. Eye diseases are frequently a manifestation of systemic conditions; it is therefore in the patient's best interest for ophthalmologists and physicians to co-operate in their management. Without such co-operation there is the risk that patients fall between stools and neither condition is adequately treated. Medical specialties in which eye conditions are particularly prominent include dermatology, endocrinology, neurology, rheumatology, and cardiovascular diseases. The advantages of joint clinics in medicine and ophthalmology were demonstrated by Professors Alex Crombie and Pat Kendall-Taylor for Graves' disease, by Mr Philip Murray and Dr David Young for uveitis, and by Professor Eva Kohner for diabetes. These included more expert assessments of patients leading to quicker and more complete diagnoses, earlier recognition of complications, and access to a wider range of investigations and treatments, opportunities for collaborative research, improved education for patients and doctors, increased patient convenience, and a stimulus for better control of factors which can worsen the disease.
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PMID:General medicine and ophthalmology: common interests. 135 32

In this study, pancreas transplantation is used as a clinical model of pancreas denervation in humans. To assess the role of innervation on the feedback autoinhibition of insulin secretion, we studied four groups of subjects--group 1: 16 patients with combined pancreas and kidney transplantation (plasma glucose = 5.1 mM, HbA1c = 6.4%, creatinine = 86 mM); group 2: 8 patients with chronic uveitis on the same immunosuppressive therapy as transplanted patients (12 mg/day prednisone, 5 mg.kg-1.day-1 CsA); group 3: 4 uremic, nondiabetic patients in chronic hemodialysis; group 4: 7 normal, nondiabetic control subjects. The following means were used to study the groups: 1) a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (insulin infusion rate = 1 mU and 5 mU.kg-1.min-1); and 2) a 0.3 mU.kg-1.min-1 hypoglycemic clamp (steady-state plasma glucose = 3.1 mM). Basal plasma-free IRI (84 +/- 6, 42 +/- 12, 72 +/- 12, and 30 +/- 6 pM in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), basal C-peptide (0.79 +/- 0.05, 0.66 +/- 0.05, 3.04 +/- 0.20, and 0.59 +/- 0.06 nM in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), and glucagon (105 +/- 13, 69 +/- 4, 171 +/- 10, and 71 +/- 5 pg/ml in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) were increased in groups 1 and 3 with respect to groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). During euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, plasma C-peptide decreased by 45, 20, and 44% in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, but showed no significant change from the basal in patients with transplanted pancreases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1992 Dec
PMID:Lack of feedback inhibition of insulin secretion in denervated human pancreas. 135 86

To evaluate the disease association with HLA-DR 3/4 heterozygotes, 1,074 subjects, who had been analyzed consecutively for HLA-DR antigens for organ transplantation or to study the disease association with HLA from June 1984 to June 1986, were enrolled in this study. Of these subjects, 278 had diabetes, 168 were healthy controls or donors, and 628 had other diseases. Of the 1,074 subjects, 35 subjects (3.2%) were DR 3/4 heterozygotes and 1,039 subjects (96.7%) were non-DR 3/4 heterozygotes. Among the 35 DR 3/4 positive subjects, 23 were diabetic (65.7%), two were healthy donors (5.7%), 10 had other diseases (28.5%) such as recurrent abortion (n = 3), hepatoma (n = 2), Graves' disease (n = 1), idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (n = 1), IgA nephropathy (n = 1), uveitis (n = 1) and gout (n = 1). Among the 23 DR 3/4 positive diabetics, 19 (82.6%) had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), three (13.0%) had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and one (4.3%) had maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). When these DR 3/4 positive diabetics were compared with the other disease and control/donor groups, significant increases in the relative risk were seen for IDDM patients (RR = 32.61, 43.80, respectively, p < 0.001). No significant association could be seen for NIDDM and MODY patients. In those non-diabetic patients positive for DR 3/4, there was no significant association with DR 3/4 heterozygotes. These findings suggest that: 1) DR 3/4 positive subjects are highly associated with IDDM; and 2) there is no significant association of DR 3/4 with NIDDM, MODY and other non-diabetic diseases.
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PMID:Assessment of the association of HLA-DR 3/4 heterozygotes with diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic diseases. 136 26

Molecular genetic techniques are being widely applied to the study of autoimmune diseases. Major advances have been made in diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and coeliac disease. Work on experimental models of autoimmune uveitis suggests that similar advances will follow in this field. The application of molecular genetics to the study of immunology has lead to great advances in our understanding of the anatomy of antigen recognition. This work has lead to the identification of some of the structural determinants of antigen binding by MHC molecules and is helping to explain some MHC-disease associations. More recently, molecular studies of the T cell receptor have characterized patterns of T cell receptor expression in humans and have lead to the identification of regions of the T cell receptor critical for antigen recognition. These techniques will hopefully provide insights into the nature of autoimmunity and permit the identification of targets for disease specific immunotherapies. This review describes attempts to corelate MHC structure and function in the context of autoimmunity and discusses some of the strategies for analyzing T cell receptor usage in autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Molecular aspects of autoimmunity: a review. 138 42


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