Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A follow-up of 92 patients with diabetes mellitus, who were hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Bergen, during the years 1950-63, was conducted in June 1986. The mean age of the 76 living patients was 38 years, and the mean duration of diabetes 30 years. Sixteen patients had died. According to the death certificates the causes of death were as follows: Myocardial infarction, uremia, pneumonia, diabetes not further specified, suicide, sudden death not further specified, ketoacidosis, accident to the head, and convulsions (epilepsy). The 39 patients living in the county of Hordaland (including Bergen) were invited to a clinical examination. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 37 years, mean duration of diabetes 29 years) accepted. In eleven, the disease had influenced the choice of occupation. Twelve experienced professional difficulties due to diabetes, and thirteen had major complaints due to the disease. Three used antianginal drugs, and a further three were receiving antihypertensive treatment. Four women had hypothyreosis. Twelve had proteinuria or pathologic microalbuminuria. Only two of 27 patients examined by means of fluorescein-angiography showed no retinopathy. Evidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was observed in ten patients. Since only three patients had used fast-acting insulin regularly during the last ten years, it should be possible to give patients with type 1 diabetes better treatment in the future.
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PMID:[Prognosis of diabetes mellitus type 1. A follow-up study]. 273 38

There has been considerable interest in the serum fructosamine assay as a measure of glycated serum proteins. We have measured serum fructosamine in three groups of patients--those with uraemia; those with multiple myeloma; and those with acute inflammatory conditions--none of whom were known to have diabetes. Serum fructosamine was significantly higher in the uraemic group than in the other two, and also than in a control group. When allowance was made for prevailing serum albumin levels fructosamine was shown to be increased in the acute inflammatory group also. There was a significant correlation between random plasma glucose and serum fructosamine only when fructosamine was adjusted for prevailing albumin levels. In control and uraemic subjects there was a significant positive correlation between serum fructosamine and albumin levels, whereas in the myeloma group there was a negative correlation with serum protein. These data would suggest the need to take into account serum albumin levels and protein composition if serum fructosamine is accurately to reflect short-term integrated glycaemia.
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PMID:Serum fructosamine in uraemia, myeloma and acute inflammatory disorders--relationship to serum glucose and albumin levels. 273 48

The purpose of this investigation was to study in a group of diabetics with varying degrees of renal failure, the relationship of renal size to the degree of renal function. A literature search of the past 25 years has failed to document a precise relationship between structure and function in this setting. Patients were admitted, and sex, age, race, serum creatinine levels, renal size and mean blood pressure were ascertained. Patients with polycystic kidney disease were, obviously, excluded. The group consisted of 26 diabetics, divided into two groups based on previous (prior to onset of uremia) insulin and ketone status. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between groups with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) as regards mean blood pressure (106.5 +/- 15.3 mm Hg vs. 108.9 +/- 17.64 mm Hg; t = 0.3607892, p = 0.9). Mean kidney length was inversely related to serum creatinine level (r = 0.3980, n = 26, p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between mean renal length and mean blood pressure (r = 0.189, p greater than 0.05). However, there was a significantly higher proportion of larger kidneys (11 cm or more) in the IDDM group than in the NIDDM group (Fischer's exact test; p less than 0.0001) which was related neither to age nor blood pressure. In this paper, we show an inverse correlation between kidney length and serum creatinine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal size and function in diabetic nephropathy. 273 65

Aseptic osteonecrosis has been described in many and dissimilar pathologic conditions--most frequently as the aftermath of fractures or dislocations; in falciform anemia, obesity, alcoholism; in diseases requiring constant and heavy corticosteroid therapy, and also following renal transplantation. Many of these pathologies, especially alcoholism, diabetes, uremia, and collagen vascular diseases, have a common denominator: peripheral neuropathy, which is believed to be a pathogenetic factor supporting osteonecrosis. The authors analyze 3 cases of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in cancer patients treated with vincristine and/or vinblastine. Since in these subjects severe and persistent neuropathy preceded the onset of osteonecrosis, a possible relationship is postulated between the vincristine/vinblastine treatment and the onset of femoral head osteonecrosis, through the pathogenetic mechanism of peripheral neuropathy.
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PMID:[Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in cancer patients with neuropathies caused by vincristine and vinblastine]. 275 79

Forty per cent of all Danish insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients survive for at least 40 years after diagnosis. In an attempt to identify factors influencing the probability of surviving for 40 years or more, we followed all IDDM patients diagnosed before 1943 and admitted to the Steno Memorial Hospital. Patients surviving greater than or equal to 40 years were compared with patients dying within 35 years of diabetes diagnosis. Patients dying within 35 years were characterized by male preponderance (p less than 0.01), poor metabolic control (p less than 0.05), and by less frequent attendance at a specialized care unit (p less than 0.0001). Death due to uraemia/diabetic nephropathy was also characterized by male preponderance, poor metabolic control, and few contacts with a specialized care unit but in patients dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD), no effect of sex was found, indicating that the protection from CVD found in the female non-diabetic population is absent in IDDM patients. We conclude that long-term survival with IDDM may be determined by factors susceptible to intervention such as metabolic regulation and patient attitude to their disease.
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PMID:The natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes in Denmark: 2. Long-term survival--who and why. 295 21

The impact of microalbuminuria on mortality as well as other risk factors was investigated in a 10-year follow-up study of 503 predominantly non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients of whom 265 had died. Using Cox's regression analysis the prognostic influence of age, sex, age at diagnosis, known diabetes duration, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, relative weight, serum creatinine, retinopathy, and treatment was evaluated as well as morning urine albumin concentration (UAC) in four categories, i.e. UAC less than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml (normal), 15 micrograms/ml less than UAC less than or equal to 40 micrograms/ml, 40 micrograms/ml less than UAC less than or equal to 200 micrograms/ml and UAC greater than 200 micrograms/ml. Age, UAC, known duration, and serum creatinine were the only significant risk factors. After correction for the other three independent risk factors, the hazard ratios in the elevated UAC categories relative to the group with UAC less than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml were 1.53 (p = 0.007), 2.28 (p = 0.000002), and 1.82 (p = 0.02). The statistically significant correlations with UAC were: age (r = 0.09, p less than 0.05), duration (r = 0.14, p less than 0.01), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.12, p less than 0.01), serum creatinine (r = 0.33, p less than 0.001), and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.12, p less than 0.01). Increased UAC was associated also with retinopathy (p = 0.01). Fifty-eight per cent of the deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease or stroke; only 3% died from uraemia. A reinvestigation including blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and UAC was made on 208 survivors.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria: a major risk factor in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. A 10-year follow-up study of 503 patients. 296 77

Nerve conduction and electromyography (EMG) of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic patients with end-stage nephropathy was studied before and up to 10 yr after kidney transplantation (KTx). A series of nondiabetic KTx patients served as a comparison group. Motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was measured in the ulnar, median, peroneal, and tibial nerves; sensory NCV was measured in the median nerve. EMG was performed in the first dorsal interosseus, flexor carpi radialis, anterior tibialis, and gastrocnemius muscles. In 68 pre-KTx diabetic patients, the mean NCV was below normal in all nerves, and the mean amplitudes of the evoked muscle action potential (MAP) were low normal in the upper extremity and below normal in the lower extremity. The values of the comparison group were within the normal range. At 1 (n = 57), 5 (n = 23), and 10 (n = 10) yr after KTx, the mean NCV of the diabetic patients remained essentially unchanged, but MAP amplitudes of all muscles had declined. EMG revealed progression of the denervation process, especially in muscles of the lower extremities. We conclude that diabetic neuropathy continues to progress by a progressive axonal loss after correction of uremia by KTx.
Diabetes 1988 Sep
PMID:Long-term follow-up of polyneuropathy in diabetic kidney transplant recipients. 304 90

End-stage renal failure is a severe and relatively frequent complication of insulin-dependent diabetes, also representing the only growing cause of uremia requiring replacement therapy in Western countries. Five principal pathogenic factors are to be considered: genetic, immunologic, hemorheologic, biochemic, and hemodynamic; of these, nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and glomerular hyperfiltration appear to be most important. In the last few years, a better understanding of the natural history of type I diabetes has been gained, with particular significance attributed to the stage of the disease defined as incipient diabetic nephropathy which is characterized by microalbuminuria. However, advances in pathophysiologic notions have not always been followed by corresponding results in the prevention and therapy of diabetic nephropathy; possible reasons for this are briefly discussed. In spite of these uncertainties, the importance of achieving the best possible correction of glycemic homeostasis and of albeit initial elevations in the arterial pressure appears to be well established.
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PMID:Physiopathology and clinical aspects of diabetic nephropathy. 306 62

This paper describes a simple, reliable and inexpensive method for rapid determination of serum fructosamine. The assay is based on commercially available reagents and utilizes equipment accessible in most laboratories (i.e. an automated ELISA-reader interfaced with an IBM computer). In contrast to HbA1c determination, the fructosamine method presented can be used in diabetes complicated by uraemia. In the clinically relevant measuring range, fructosamine is uninfluenced by serum albumin concentration in diabetics with or without uraemia. Eighty microlitres of non-haemolysed capillary serum suffices for a duplicate determination. One year's storage of normal serum induced no change in serum fructosamine estimates. s-Fructosamine in 18 healthy subjects was 2.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) in venous blood and 2.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l in capillary blood. In diabetics 3.4 +/- 0.6 mmol/l and 3.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/l (n = 38) were found. The method is well-suited for routine use in the diabetic out-patient clinic.
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PMID:Rapid and inexpensive microdetermination of serum fructosamine results in diabetics, uraemics, diabetics with uraemia and healthy subjects. 307 Jul 19

The hormonal milieu of the testis was examined in streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) adult male Wistar and Long-Evans rats. Serum testosterone, creatinine, and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and blood glucose concentrations were determined in diabetic and control Wistar rats (experiment 1). These parameters plus luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were studied in experiments 2 and 3 with Long-Evans rats in untreated diabetic, control, insulin-treated diabetic, nondiabetic STZ-injected, and semistarved groups. Wistar diabetic rats had significantly decreased serum testosterone and increased blood glucose, BUN, and serum creatinine compared with controls. Several findings in Long-Evans rats suggested the existence of a primary Leydig cell defect in steroidogenesis during untreated diabetes that was completely or partially compensated for by increased pituitary gonadotropin secretion. Serum LH and FSH levels increased in Long-Evans diabetic rats. Serum testosterone was significantly reduced only in experiment 2. These hormonal alterations from control levels were not seen in insulin-treated diabetic animals. Semistarved animals, weight matched to the diabetic group in experiment 2, had significantly decreased serum testosterone and increased FSH levels. In addition, Long-Evans diabetic rat BUN and serum creatinine levels increased much less or were unchanged from control values compared with the increase noted in diabetic Wistar rats. In light of the hypogonadism that complicates clinical uremia, these findings suggest the more apt use of the Long-Evans strain rather than the Wistar strain in the study of STZ-D hypogonadal function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1987 Oct
PMID:Primary hypoandrogenism in experimental diabetes in the Long-Evans rat. 311 51


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