Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retrospective clinical studies of 211 thyreotoxic patients having received 131I-therapy were performed and processed by computer. The patients' mean age was 58 years, the male-female ratio 7.1 to 1. The incidence of symptoms and associated diseases was in agreement with data in the literature. Of the clinical symptoms, weight loss, weakness, fatigability, a fine tremor, decompensation and nervousness, called attention to the condition. Of the ECG changes, an absolute arrhythmia of atrial fibrillation and extrasystole may be indicative of hyperthyroidism. Clinically, there is an essential difference between juvenile and old-age thyrotoxicosis. Differences could also be noted between patients with toxic adenoma and those with non-toxic one. Toxic adenoma patients were more advanced in age and the female-male ratio was higher than in non-toxic cases. Absolute arrhythmia of atrial fibrillation, extrasystole, repolarization disorders, diabetes, hypertension and arteriocardiosclerosis occurred more often, while ophthalmopathy and immune disease were less frequent. The clinical picture may raise the suspicion of old-age thyrotoxicosis. Following laboratory diagnosis, treatment should be administered without delay.
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PMID:Experience with 131I-therapy. Hyperthyroidism in old age. 367 Oct 18

We report a patient with pulmonary and bony metastases due to follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, occurring 12 years after the initial diagnosis. This was brought to light by worsening diabetic control due to thyrotoxicosis from functioning malignant thyroid tissue. Following radio-active iodine therapy, she remains well with good control of her diabetes.
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PMID:Metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid presenting with thyrotoxic induced impaired control of diabetes mellitus. 371 6

The association of pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disease, with other immunologic disorders such as dermatitis herpetiformis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, vitiligo, adrenal insufficiency, adult-onset immunoglobulin deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and possibly diabetes mellitus has been reported. The association of pernicious anemia with giant cell myocarditis, a rare fatal illness believed by some to represent an autoimmune abnormality occurring with other autoimmune diseases such as thymoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, thyrotoxicosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Sjogren's syndrome, is reported for the first time. A common underlying autoimmune abnormality is suggested.
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PMID:Pernicious anemia and giant cell myocarditis. New association. 397 60

A 56-year-old woman with many unusual manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is described. In addition to retinal hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple organ cysts, she had a cerebellar astrocytoma, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, and a metastatic calcitonin-secreting islet cell carcinoma. This case report documents the first example of a metastatic islet cell tumor in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The possible relationship between this disorder, the other neurocutaneous syndromes, and the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes is discussed.
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PMID:Metastatic islet cell tumor in von Hippel-Lindau disease. 633 Nov 59

In 130 patients, aged 5 to 60 years, with different hypothyrosis forms (congenital, acquired, postoperative) glucose tolerance was studied. In 17 patients the insular apparatus functional state was investigated. The disturbed glucose tolerance corresponding to that of patients with latent diabetes mellitus prevailed in postoperative hypothyrosis, preceded by severe prolonged decompensated thyrotoxicosis, and in congenital hypothyrosis, which compensation required long-term administration of high doses of thyroid hormones. The flatting type of the glycemic curve occurred at an equal rate in young patients (35 to 40 years) with acquired (34.4 +/- 6%) and postoperative (32.4 +/- 8%) short-term hypothyrosis (1 to 3 years), demonstrating a good effect of the substitution therapy. The study of the insular apparatus functional state has shown, that hyperinsulinemia, resultant of glucose injection, prevails in the majority of patients with the thyroid hypofunction.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate tolerance and islet apparatus function in patients with different forms of hypothyroidism]. 634 18

Under analysis were 55 cases of toxic goiter associated with diabetes mellitus. All the patients were operated upon with good early results. A scheme for the choice of necessary preoperative dosage of insulin is recommended. The authors believe the combination of toxic goiter and diabetes mellitus to be an indication for surgery. Decompensation of diabetes mellitus in patients with thyrotoxicosis is associated with the increased amount of contrinsular hormones. The operations resulted in the improvement of the course of both diseases.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of toxic goiter in diabetes mellitus patients]. 637 8

There is ample evidence that the human acetylator phenotypes are associated with drug induced phenomena. It is principally the slow acetylators who exhibit toxic adverse effects because of their relative inability to detoxify the original drug compounds. In rare instances, however, it is the rapid acetylators who are at a disadvantage. In the matter of association of spontaneous disease with either acetylator phenotype, there are two groups of disorders to consider. First, disorders in which carcinogenic amines are known to be an aetiological factor. This is because these amines are substrates for the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase activity and hence there is a possible rational basis for searching for an association. Secondly, other disorders where searches for associations are based more on hunches. In the first group there is a definite statistical association between cancer of the bladder and the slow acetylator phenotype. In prevalence studies the slow phenotype is 39% more associated with bladder cancer than is the rapid phenotype. On the basis of the evidence now available it is not possible to say whether this association is because slow acetylators develop the disease more frequently or whether they survive longer. In the second group the relevant studies show (1) a greatly increased prevalence of slow acetylators in Gilbert's disease; (2) a confirmed association between the rapid acetylator phenotype and diabetes; (3) a possible association between the rapid acetylator phenotype and breast cancer; (4) a possible association between the slow acetylator phenotype and leprosy in Chinese patients; (5) an earlier age of onset of thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease) in slow acetylators than in rapid acetylators; (6) no evidence of an association between either phenotype and spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:Survey of the human acetylator polymorphism in spontaneous disorders. 638 23

Diabetes mellitus not infrequently coexists with hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism aggravates glucose intolerance. A review of this phenomenon reveals multiple mechanisms, which include increased hexose intestinal absorption, decreased responsiveness to insulin, and increased glucose production. Conflicting results are obtained when circulating insulin level is measured in thyrotoxicosis. The role of glucagon and alpha-cell sensitivity is unclear. Diabetes mellitus influences the assessment of thyrotoxicosis by falsely decreasing the blood levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) during severely uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Hypothyroidism is found in about 3% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Moreover, 13-20% of IDDM patients have elevated blood thyrotropin levels and anti-thyroid antibodies. Hypothyroidism per se seems to ameliorate hyperglycemia. A subtype of IDDM shares similar immunogenetic features with familial autoimmune thyroiditis. Studies of IDDM probands who show a high prevalence of circulating thyroid antibodies reveal the presence of such antibodies in their first-degree relatives. Circulating islet-cell antibodies, detected in a majority of IDDM patients at the onset of their disease, tend to persist only in those patients with coexistent polyendocrine autoimmune disease, including thyroiditis. Similar human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus types are associated with thyroiditis and IDDM, namely HLA-Dr3 and -Dr4.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. 640 Jul 13

Insulin responses during 100 g glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were compared between three groups of patients with varying degrees of glucose intolerance. Patients who had no disease known to be associated with secondary diabetes were classified as patients with idiopathic diabetes mellitus. Those whose present and past fasting blood glucose (FBG) exceeded 140 mg/100 ml were assigned to Group A, and the rest of the patients to Group B. Group C included patients with liver disease, thyrotoxicosis, or myocardial infarction, or those treated with corticosteroids or who had undergone gastrectomy. Patients in Group A were found to have consistently subnormal insulin responses whether glucose tolerance was normal (i.e. previous abnormality of glucose tolerance), borderline, or diabetic. In contrast, patients in Group C without fasting hyperglycemia had enhanced rather than decreased insulin responses when glucose tolerance was the more impaired. Patients in Group B had insulin responses similar to those either of Group A or of Group C. The relationship between the sum of six insulin and six blood glucose values during GTT (sigma IRI and sigma BG) was examined. The sigma BG-sigma IRI plot revealed distinctly different distribution zones for Group A and Group C (Zones A and C). In Group A, sigma IRI values were below 300 microU/ml irrespective of sigma BG values. In Group C, sigma IRI tended to increase, paralleling the increase in sigma BG values in the range of sigma BG values lower than 1400 mg/100 ml. In patients whose sigma BG rose above 1400/100 ml during corticosteroid treatment, the sigma IRI values decreased and entered into Zone A. After the cessation of corticosteroids in a few of these patients, the sigma IRI values recovered and reentered Zone C, concomitant with an improvement in glucose tolerance. Similar recovery of insulin response from Zone A to Zone C was also observed after the treatment of two obese diabetic patients. Thus, patients with glucose intolerance due to extra-pancreatic causes may secrete insulin at a higher rate than normal so long as the FBG level remains below 120 mg/100 ml, but a further deterioration in glucose metabolism may lead to a failure of insulin secretory mechanisms.
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PMID:Insulin secretory responses in patients with glucose intolerance due to extra-pancreatic causes. Comparison with idiopathic diabetes mellitus. 676 94

Thyrotoxicosis with a normal serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration has been described with a variety of acute and chronic illnesses occurring in association with thyrotoxicosis. We describe the first case to our knowledge of thyroxine (T4) toxicosis in a 16-year-old boy with diabetic ketoacidosis. Although the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism were mild, thyromegaly and persistent tachycardia suggested thyrotoxicosis. Serum T4 levels were elevated; however, the serum T3 level was normal. Measurement of reverse T3 (rT3) initially revealed an elevated level that decreased over several days of T3 levels increased into the toxic range. Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 was apparently inhibited by diabetic ketoacidosis and there was a concomitant increase in rT3 levels, suggesting that conversion of T4 to rT3 was increased during acute ketoacidosis. Assessment of thyroid function based on serum T3 levels in diabetics may be misleading during ketoacidosis or uncontrolled diabetes.
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PMID:Thyrotoxicosis without elevated serum triiodothyronine levels during diabetic ketoacidosis. 676 58


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