Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer conducted in three areas of the USA, 484 cases and 2099 controls were interviewed to evaluate the aetiologic role of several medical conditions/interventions, including diabetes mellitus, cholecystectomy, ulcer/gastrectomy and allergic states. We also evaluated risk associated with family history of cancer. Our findings support previous studies indicating that diabetes is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, as well as a possible complication of the tumour. A significant positive trend in risk with increasing years prior to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was apparent (P-value for test of trend = 0.016), with diabetics diagnosed at least 10 years prior to diagnosis having a significant 50% increased risk. Those treated with insulin had risks similar to those not treated with insulin (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6 and 1.5 respectively), and no trend in risk was associated with increasing duration of insulin treatment. Cholecystectomy also appeared to be a risk factor, as well as a consequence of the malignancy. Subjects with a cholecystectomy at least 20 years prior to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer experienced a 70% increased risk, which was marginally significant. In contrast, subjects with a history of duodenal or gastric ulcer had little or no elevated risk (OR = 1.2; confidence interval = 0.9-1.6). Those treated by gastrectomy had the same risk as those not receiving surgery, providing little support for the hypothesis that gastrectomy is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A significant 40% reduced risk was associated with hay fever, a non-significant 50% decreased risk with allergies to animals, and a non-significant 40% reduced risk with allergies to dust/moulds. These associations, however, may be due to chance since no risk reductions were apparent for asthma or several other types of allergies. In addition, we observed significantly increased risks for subjects reporting a first-degree relative with cancers of the pancreas (OR = 3.2), colon (OR = 1.7) or ovary (OR = 5.3) and non-significantly increased risks for cancers of the endometrium (OR = 1.5) or breast (OR = 1.3). The pattern is consistent with the familial predisposition reported for pancreatic cancer and with the array of tumours associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes mellitus, other medical conditions and familial history of cancer as risk factors for pancreatic cancer. 1046 6

Highly reactive oxygen-free radicals are implicated in the pathogenic process of various diseases. Using an animal model of diabetes (alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in mice), a model of gastric ulcer (indomethacin-induced gastric lesion in rats), and a model of bronchial asthma (ovalbumin-induced allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs), a potential therapeutic effect was tested in known antioxidant drugs (alpha-tocopherol, ubiquinone), the thio-compound mesna, and drugs with a possible antioxidant effect (substances derived from the ergoline structure: 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and 4-hydroxypyridine). The pre-treatment with ubiquinone and 6-hydroxynicotinic acid almost completely prevented alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia (94 and 93% inhibition of hyperglycaemia, respectively). A weaker effect was shown by alpha-tocopherol and 4-hydroxypyridine (31 and 27% inhibition of hyperglycaemia, respectively). Mesna negligibly increased hyperglycaemia. 32% and 21% inhibitions of the number of gastric lesions were shown after administration of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and alpha-tocopherol, respectively. Other drugs, most markedly mesna, aggravated gastric lesions. The most marked protective effect on ovalbumin-induced bronchospasm was exerted by 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (the pulmonary ventilation was increased by 84% in comparison with control group), while mesna and (alpha-tocopherol had a weaker effect (amelioration by 50 and 51 %, respectively). Ubiquinone and 4-hydroxypyridine aggravated pulmonary ventilation. The most marked protective effect in the animal models used was shown by 6-hydroxynicotinic acid.
 ...
PMID:Effects of known and potential antioxidants on animal models of pathological processes (diabetes, gastric lesions, allergic bronchospasm). 1108 99

Relation between quality of nutrition products and condition not infectious morbidity of the population of Republic Adygea, connected with development of free-radical processes are shown. The levels of contamination of products by nitrates, pesticides, heavy metals are investigated, the contents of vitamins-antioxidants is established. Was applied biotesting fats with use test-culture T. piriformis which had shown in 50% of cases subacute toxicity of the investigated samples and 6.2%--acute toxicity. In 1994-1998 is marked the growth of morbidity of the population a cataract (21.3%) and stomach ulcer (61.8%), diabetes (51.5%) on a background of insignificant decrease of morbidity in general. The priority directions in optimization antioxidative status of organism and decrease of free-radical pathologies level.
 ...
PMID:[Medical and biological problems of relationship between food product quality and free radical oxidation state in humans]. 1124 62

Olive oil, the main fatty component of the Mediterranean diet, is characterized by consisting of monounsaturated fatty acids as well as by its elevated content in antioxidant agents. This oil exhibits numerous biological functions which are beneficial for the state of health. A diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids provides an adequate fluidity to the biological membranes, diminishing the hazard of lipid peroxidation which affects polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, the antioxidants present in olive oil are able to scavenge free radicals and afford an adequate protection against peroxidation. Regarding the heart, olive oil decreases the plasmatic levels of LDL-cholesterol and increases those of HDL-cholesterol, hence diminishing the risk of suffering from heart complaints. In this context, it has been suggested that increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids in place of polyunsaturated fatty acids will render circulating lipoproteins less sensitive to peroxidation and thereby diminish the development of atherosclerosis. Olive oil has also been proven to contribute to a better control of the hypertriglyceridemia accompanying diabetes and may reduce the risk of breast cancer and colorectum. On the other hand, several investigations have suggested that olive oil can be beneficial in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this sense, some reports have indicated that olive oil modifies inflammatory cytokines production. As for the digestive system, olive oil enhances gallbladder emptying consequently reducing cholelithiasis risk, decreases the pancreatic exocrine secretion and gastric secretory function in response to food. Finally, it has been demonstrated that a diet rich in olive oil is associated with a high percentage of gastric ulcer healing and affords a higher resistance against non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs-induced gastric ulcerogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Mediterranean diet and health: biological importance of olive oil. 1147 48

To assess the reliability of data on medical conditions, and menstrual or reproductive history, a sample of 294 controls interviewed in hospital between 1989 and 1992 for an Italian case-control study on digestive tract neoplasms was re-interviewed at home during 1993. A high agreement between responses at the two interviews (kappa > or = 0.85) was observed for most medical conditions, including diabetes, cholelithiasis, hepatitis, duodenal ulcer, and, among female conditions, uterine fibromas, benign breast disease, hysterectomy and monolateral ovariectomy. For gastric ulcer and parotitis the reliability was less satisfactory (kappa = 0.35 and 0.20, respectively). The agreement was high (kappa > 0.80) also for age at menarche, menopausal status, type and age at menopause, number of children, age at first pregnancy, age at first and last birth, and spontaneous abortions. The agreement was lower for questions on menstrual pattern (kappa = 0.68) and induced abortions (kappa = 0.62). Thus, this study indicates that information on personal medical conditions, and menstrual or reproductive history, provided by hospital controls through an interviewer-administered questionnaire is satisfactory for the purposes of epidemiological inference, and that the interview setting does not substantially influence the recall of this information.
 ...
PMID:Reliability of data on medical conditions, menstrual and reproductive history provided by hospital controls. 1152 Jun 49

A study was made on the relation between active pulmonary tuberculosis and underlying diseases in 119 tuberculosis patients. Out of total 119 patients, 87 patients (73.1%) had underlying diseases. The most common underlying disease was diabetes mellitus in 34 patients (39.1%), followed by HCV (+) chronic hepatitis, sequela of cerebral infarction, hypertension and gastric ulcer. In patients who had underlying diseases, the mean age was higher, proportion of sputum smear positive cases was higher, albumin was lower, and period until sputum culture negative conversion was longer. In patients who had diabetes mellitus, proportion of cases with cavity on chest X-P was higher, and in patients who had sequela of cerebral infarction or hypertension, mean age was higher. In patients who had diabetes mellitus and whose HbA1C was > or = 9%, proportion of smear positive cases was higher, albumin was lower and period until culture negative conversion was longer than in patients who had diabetes mellitus and whose HbA1c was < 9%, suggesting that control of blood sugar in diabetes mellitus related to severity of pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients who had diabetes mellitus and whose albumin was < 3 g/dl, period until culture negative conversion was longer than in patients who had diabetes mellitus and whose albumin was > or = 3 g/dl. In patients who had underlying diseases, these diseases caused decline of tuberculous immunity and nutritional disturbance represented by lower albumin also promoted decline of tuberculous immunity. It is suggested that the underlying diseases affected the onset and progression of pulmonary tuberculosis.
 ...
PMID:[A study on relation between active pulmonary tuberculosis and underlying diseases]. 1167 19

The authors discuss difficulties of differential diagnosis in acute abdominal pain; analyse cause of misdiagnosis in recurrent abdominal colicky pain, report three cases of mistakes in making diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, thrombosis of the mesenterial vessels in a patient with ischemic heart disease and chronic aneurysm of the left ventricular anterior wall, gastric ulcer complicated by hemorrhage in combination with new-onset diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis.
 ...
PMID:[Difficulties in differential diagnosis of abdominal pain]. 1247 42

The objective was designed to assess the clinical efficiency of preventing febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) with transfusion of leukocyte-depleted RBC and platelet concentrates. One hundred patients with cirrhosis of liver, gastric ulcer and cancer were selected to receive RBC concentrates with leukocyte filtration. Another group of 50 patients with liver necrosis, gastric ulcer and cancer were selected to receive non-filtered RBC concentrates. Two hundred and forty patients with acute or chronic leukemia, aplastic anemia, multiple myeloma, thrombocytopenia purpura, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis of liver, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, severe hepatitis, burn and cancer post radioactive or chemical treatment were divided into two group with 120 patients in each one and selected randomly to receive platelet concentrates. The incidence rates of FNHTR in all patients were investigated. Results showed that there was no FNHTR in 100 transfusions with leukocyte-depleted RBC concentrates. Eight out of 50 patients with non-filtrated RBC concentrates showed FNHTR. The incidence of FNHTR was sixteen (16%) in non-filtrated transfusion. Twenty-five and 7 patients manifested FNHTR respectively in non-filtrated or filtrated platelets transfusions. The incidence of FNHTR was 20.83% and 5.83% respectively in non-filtrated or filtrated platelet transfusion. It is concluded that leukocyte-depleted RBC and platelet concentrates reduces FNH TR in blood transfusion.
 ...
PMID:Clinical assessment of preventing febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction by leukocyte-depleted blood transfusion. 1251 24

The ABO blood group and ABH secretor status have been determined for 368 patients with a duodenal ulcer, 202 patients with a gastric ulcer, 83 patients with a stomal ulcer, 105 patients with gastric cancer, 102 patients with diabetes mellitus, and a control group of 610 subjects consisting of healthy persons and of patients with other conditions attending the same hospital. The results have been analysed in conjunction with those reported in two other large series. For duodenal ulcer the results show that the relative incidence among non-secretors compared with secretors is 1.80 to 1, with 95% confidence limits of 1.55 to 1 and 2.03 to 1. For gastric ulcer the relative incidence is 1.42 to 1, with 95% confidence limits of 1.16 to 1 and 1.74 to 1. Comparison of the results for the two types of peptic ulcer shows that they are significantly different from one another. For both types of ulcer, the estimated risk among non-secretors was similar for blood group O and for the other blood groups and the results suggest that the specific risks associated with blood group O and with non-secretion multiply one another. It is concluded that the mechanisms by which blood group O and non-secretion affect the risk of developing a gastric or duodenal ulcer are related to one another; but that they do not depend on the presence of the blood group substances in the secretions. The proportion of non-secretors among patients with a stomal ulcer (49%) was higher than among patients with a duodenal ulcer (37%) and the order of the relationship between non-secretion and the three types of peptic ulcer (stomal, duodenal, and gastric) was the same as that for blood group O. Other data suggest that there may be a slight increase in the risk of gastric cancer among non-secretors, but that the occurrence of diabetes mellitus is independent of ABH secretion.
 ...
PMID:Secretion of blood group substances in duodenal, gastric and stomal ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and diabetes mellitus. 1388 45

Gastric mucosa of diabetic rats is highly vulnerable to acute injury, but little is known about the influence of diabetic conditions on the healing of gastric ulcers. In this study, streptozotocin (70 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) was used to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. Four weeks after streptozotocin injection, gastric ulcers were induced using the acetic acid method, and 10 days later, the healing rate and the gastric blood flow (GBF) were measured by planimetry and hydrogen (H(2))-gas clearance method, respectively. Six major groups of rats with gastric ulcers were used: (1) vehicle (saline); (2) streptozotocin alone; (3) insulin (4 IU/day intraperitoneally); (4) streptozotocin plus insulin; (5) pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of synthesis and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha); and (6) aspirin, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and rofecoxib, the highly selective COX-2. In the diabetic rats, a significant delay in ulcer healing ( approximately by 300%), accompanied by a decrease in the gastric mucosal blood flow was observed. The prolongation of the healing in diabetic animals was associated with an increase in gastric mucosal expression and release of TNFalpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), suppression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and the mucosal overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70). Administration of insulin reversed the delay in ulcer healing and significantly decreased the expression of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, while producing the rise in the expression of VEGF and PECAM. Pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha, which by itself accelerated ulcer healing in non-diabetic rats, counteracted the increase in the area of gastric ulcer induced by streptozotocin, raised significantly gastric blood flow and suppressed the plasma TNF-alpha levels. Aspirin and rofecoxib, that significantly suppressed the mucosal prostaglandin E(2) generation in ulcer area, delayed significantly the rate of ulcer healing and decreased the GBF at ulcer margin in non-diabetic rats, and these changes were significantly augmented in diabetic animals. We conclude that: (1) Experimental diabetes dramatically impairs ulcer healing, depending upon the increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and the attenuation of angiogenesis that can limit the ulcer healing effects of locally produced HSP 70 and TNF-alpha. (2) Insulin reversed this impairment of ulcer healing in diabetic rats, mainly due to the enhancement of angiogenesis and reduction in expression of cytokines in the ulcer area. (3) Classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin prolonged ulcer healing under diabetic conditions due to suppression of endogenous prostaglandins and the fall in the microcirculation at the ulcer margin and these effects were mimicked by selective, so called "safe" COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, suggesting that both COX isoforms are important sources of prostaglandins that are essential in the ulcer healing in diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Impaired gastric ulcer healing in diabetic rats: role of heat shock protein, growth factors, prostaglandins and proinflammatory cytokines. 1464 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>