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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1028 (99%) of the 1038 inhabitants of the West African village of Agbave and a random sample of 353 (12.4%) of the population of 2850 in Kati, another West African village, were screened for diabetes. Also recorded were their anthropometric data, dietary habits, possession of antibodies to malaria, and serum IgG concentrations. About 85% of the study population consumed cassava root at least once a day. The mean (SD) capillary random blood glucose concentration was 5.1 (1.1) mmol/l in men and 5.1 (0.6) in women. The mean (SD) body mass index was 20.2 (1.8) in men and 20.7 (2.3) in women. The mean blood glucose was similar whether cassava was consumed once daily, more than once daily, or less than once daily. None of the 1381 subjects examined had diabetes. This finding suggests that a high carbohydrate/cassava intake (84% of a mean daily supply of 1916 calories) combined with a low protein consumption (8% of caloric supply) does not cause diabetes. This does not support the World Health Organisation hypothesis that malnutrition-related diabetes exists, at least not in this West African rural population.
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PMID:Absence of diabetes in a rural West African population with a high carbohydrate/cassava diet. 288 81

The incidence and prevalence of depression in diabetic patients in the United Kingdom is unknown. Since depression may influence blood glucose control which in turn may be related to the development of diabetic complications, it is important to estimate its prevalence in diabetic patients. The prevalence of depression was investigated in a group of Caucasian and West Indian, insulin-(IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) adult diabetics and a non-diabetic comparison group. Prevalence of depression was 8.5% for both groups and a further 19.2% and 14.6%, respectively, had borderline depression. Presence of depression was unrelated to sex, ethnic group, duration or type (IDDM or NIDDM) of diabetes and social class but significantly related to type of accommodation, marital status, and amount of social contact. A higher percentage of diabetics with psychiatric symptoms had one or more current complications compared to 'normal' diabetics. Diabetics suffer from a similar amount of depression to non-diabetics, but psychiatric symptoms may be related to the frequency of diabetic complications.
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PMID:Depression and diabetes. 296 50

Obesity--defined by a body mass index above 30 kg per m2--is a major problem for affluent nations. Its prevalence is higher in North America than in Europe--between 9% and 12% of the population. Reduced energy expenditure from exercise or metabolism or both may be an important contributory factor in the development of obesity because of a failure to reduce food intake sufficiently to maintain energy balance. A high ratio of abdominal circumference relative to gluteal circumference carries a twofold or greater risk of heart attack, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, and death. The effect of increased quantities of abdominal fat is greater than that of a similar increase in total body fat on the risks of ill health associated with obesity. Genetic factors appear to contribute about 25% to its etiology.
West J Med 1988 Oct
PMID:Obesity. Part I--Pathogenesis. 306 47

Severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium level >6 mmol per liter [mEq per liter]), often with electrocardiographic disturbances, was noted at presentation in 30% of 73 hyperglycemic episodes (serum glucose concentration >25 mmol per liter [455 mg per dl]) observed in 15 in-hospital patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who were receiving long-term hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Serum glucose concentration and total carbon dioxide content correlated significantly with the presenting serum potassium concentration. Treatment with parenteral insulin alone resulted in a decrease of the serum glucose value from 41 +/- 14 (standard deviation) to 11 +/- 5 mmol per liter (P <.001) and of serum potassium level from 5.2 +/- 1.2 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter (P <.001). The changes in serum glucose concentration and in carbon dioxide content and the serum potassium concentration at hyperglycemia were found to be independent correlates of the decrease in potassium concentration during treatment. Insulin alone resulted in correction of hyperkalemia in all instances. Posttreatment hypokalemia was noted in only two instances, each associated with both ketoacidosis and low-normal serum potassium concentration at hyperglycemia. Giving insulin is the only treatment usually needed for the hyperkalemia of hyperglycemia in patients on ongoing dialysis.
West J Med 1987 May
PMID:Serum potassium concentration in hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus with long-term dialysis. 329 57

In one year sporadic soft tissue infections due to group B streptococci were identified in 37 patients beyond the neonatal period. Serious underlying conditions were present in 25 patients (68%), including 17 (46%) who had diabetes mellitus and 4 (11%) with paraplegia. Unlike previous reports, 12 patients (32%) were previously healthy. Infection developed in 8 persons as a result of minor trauma. The mean age of the normal hosts was 20.9 years, whereas the mean age of patients with underlying disease was 44.2 years (P<.0005). The clinical spectrum was varied and included abscess formation in 17 patients (46%). All patients required treatment with antibiotics and 28 (76%) required admission to hospital. Complete recovery occurred in 33 patients (89%) while 4 with diabetes required amputation of infected extremities. Group B Streptococcus was the only organism identified in 22 patients (59%) while mixed organisms were cultured in 15 (41%), including Staphylococcus aureus in 12 and gram-negative enteropathogens in 4. Group B streptococcal soft tissue infections beyond the neonatal period are common and may even involve normal hosts.
West J Med 1987 Nov
PMID:Group B streptococcal soft tissue infections beyond the neonatal period. 332 10

Cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide. It is a greater problem in third world countries than in the West and several attempts have been made to explain the excess in these countries. This paper provides an overview of the literature especially on studies designed to identify risk factors for cataract. There is an association between poverty and cataract and, more specifically, between cataract and a history of severe diarrhoea-dehydration. Recent results from a case-control-led study of cataract in Oxford are also presented with the quantitation of risks associated with a number of factors including diarrhoea, renal failure and diabetes. In this study an apparently protective effect of aspirin, paracetamol and similar drugs was observed. This protective effect applies to the risk associated with diabetes.
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PMID:Epidemiology and risk factors for cataract. 332 1

Bacterial infection of the sternoclavicular joint is an unusual event, with cases being reported in those with diabetes mellitus, in intravenous drug abusers, and in patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis. A case of this unique infection occurred in a person not known to be at risk for septic arthritis. Our report shows the difficulty in diagnosing this disorder.
West J Med 1988 Mar
PMID:Sternoclavicular bacterial arthritis. 336 64

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) and its risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects was carried out from 1982 to 1984 in East Finland (Kuopio) and West Finland (Turku), two areas known to differ markedly in prevalence of ASVD in the nondiabetic population. A total of 510 diabetic and 649 nondiabetic subjects aged 45-64 yr were examined in East Finland and 549 diabetic and 724 nondiabetic subjects of the same age in West Finland. In both areas and in both sexes the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and intermittent claudication was higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. Both in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects the prevalence of ASVD was higher in East Finland than in West Finland. In men, the East-West difference in the prevalence of symptomatic CHD and claudication was greater in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. In both areas and in both sexes the serum lipid pattern was more atherogenic and hypertension was more frequent in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. In both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, serum total-cholesterol level was somewhat higher and hypertension was more frequent in East Finland than in West Finland. The East-West difference in serum total-cholesterol was greater in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. In multiple logistic analyses including cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes status, and area of residence, residence in East Finland was found to be, in addition to diabetes, a strong independent factor associated with CHD, particularly in men.
Diabetes Care 1988 Jun
PMID:Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects in Finland. 340

A wide-range analytical study for screening diabetes mellitus in the rural region of the Republic of Mali was carried out on 7,472 subjects in whom fasting glycaemia was determined using reflectometry kits. Our results represent a breakthrough in the field of epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in West Africa. The prevalence rate of fasting hyperglycaemia equal to or over 7.00 mmol/l was 0.92%. The statistical analysis of data collected in this manner showed an increased prevalence in the Caucasian and Fulani ethnic groups, and a decreased prevalence in the Negroid ethnic groups. Age and body mass index are also risk factors in this population.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the rural region of Mali (West Africa): a practical approach. 344 52

Type 1 diabetes is said to be extremely rare in children in India, where diabetes treated with insulin may be due to chronic pancreatic disease or malnutrition. To see whether typical type 1 diabetes occurred in Asian children in the United Kingdom, all known Asian children with diabetes in industrial West Yorkshire were ascertained. A total of 17 such children were studied; of these, seven were from three multiplex families and two fathers from these families had diabetes. All children were ketosis prone and developed diabetes while resident in the UK. There were significant increases in HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 and increases in HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR3/DR4, while HLA-B15 was absent. Islet cell antibodies, either IgG or complement fixing, were present in four of 18 subjects tested, all of whom had disease of short duration. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Asian children aged 15 years or less in West Yorkshire was 36/100,000, assuming complete ascertainment. It is concluded that typical type 1 diabetes may occur in Asian children and this condition may be more common in families who have migrated to the UK.
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PMID:Insulin dependent diabetes in Asians. 349 31


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