Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increased prevalence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes has been reported in patients with congenital rubella. Rubella virus multiplies in the pancreas, and we have hypothesized that studies of children with congenital rubella would be of great importance in following the development of Type 1 diabetes in a defined, susceptible population. Two hundred and forty-one children with congenital rubella (mean age 17.4 +/- 0.3 years; 65% black and hispanic) have been evaluated, 30 of whom already have diabetes and 17 of whom have borderline glucose tolerance. In these latter two groups, HLA-DR3 is significantly increased and HLA-DR2 significantly decreased. Pancreatic islet cell cytotoxic surface antibodies are found in 20% of the total congenital rubella population, including in more than 50% in the time period before they develop diabetes and are not related to any specific HLA type. In addition, anti-microsomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are found in 34% of this population. The data demonstrate that Type 1 diabetes developing in congenital rubella patients has the genetic and immunological features of classical Type 1 diabetes, namely the presence of HLA-DR3, the absence of HLA-DR2, islet cell surface antibodies before decompensation and an increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies. Patients with non-diabetic congenital rubella represent an easily identifiable group in whom other immunological factors associated with Type 1 diabetes can be elucidated and possibly modified.
 ...
PMID:Congenital rubella syndrome as a model for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: increased prevalence of islet cell surface antibodies. 638 25

Although diabetes mellitus is generally subclassified into either of two categories, insulin-dependent (type I) and non-insulin-dependent (type II), the heterogeneity of its clinical expressions, genetics, and etiologies may make a clear distinction in classification difficult. Evidence to date for the involvement of viruses in the etiology of the disease has involved only type I diabetes. However, clinical data derived from the subtle chronicity of type II diabetes, the lack of pathological alterations in the pancreas in some patients with type II diabetes, and animal and human studies with Venezuelan encephalitis virus and rubella virus suggest a possible role for viruses in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Viruses may be etiologic agents for non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. 668 70

Laboratory study fo 109 insulin-dependent diabetics younger than 17 yr of age and resident in greater Montreal at the time on onset of symptoms is reported. The cases were diagnosed during a 2-yr period (1976-1978). Sibling controls were obtained for 72 of the cases studied. Viral titers to coxsackie B, rubella, and mumps virus for the 72 patient-sibling pairs showed no difference in geometric mean titers or in change of titer between samples taken at the time of diagnosis and those taken 28 days later. The incidence of positive islet cell antibody in teh IDdM cases was 68.0% at the time of diagnosis compared with 56.(% 4 wk later. The comparative figures of sibling controls were 4.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The frequency of HLA B8, B15, B18, and B7 antigens were compared both with the sibling controls and a normal control population. Pairing of high risk HLA antigens were found more frequently in cases than controls. There was no difference in geometric mean viral titers in cases with risk risk haplotypes compared with those cases in which such haplotypes were absent.
Diabetes 1981 Jul
PMID:Prospective study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 701 64

Recent observations have shown that insulin-dependent diabetes (JOD) may be the result of autoimmunity causing more or less rapid pancreatic isle cell destruction. This autoimmune process may be initiated in individuals who are genetically vulnerable to specific virus action. Several viruses have been implicated as causing JOD. Rubella and mumps viruses were the first viruses to be proved diabetogenic. A few years ago Coxsackie B viruses were added to the list. A prospective study of all new diabetics was undertaken in order to clarify the association of viral illness with JOD. 45 new insulin-dependent diabetics were studied (complement fixation, neutralizing antibodies or hemagglutination inhibition) within 3 days following admission. Screening for viral illnesses included the study for antibodies to the following: psittacosis, mycoplasma, Q fever, mumps, measles, herpes, CMV, rubella and chickenpox. Control bloods matched for sex, age, season and year with patients were obtained from individuals screened for viral illnesses during the same period. 18 JOD patients had antibodies against various Coxsackie B viruses. 4 patients had elevated rubella antibody titers.
 ...
PMID:Are viral studies indicated in juvenile-onset diabetes? 711 Jul 40

A male patient born to a mother who developed rubella during the tenth week of gestation presented a typical congenital rubella syndrome with mental retardation, neuro-sensory deafness, hypoplasia of the dental enamel and chorioretinitis. Hyperthyroidism occurred at the age of 3 10/12 years and was treated successfully with propylthiouracil for 4 years. The course was complicated by premature craniosynostosis and a craniectomy was performed at the age of 7 years. Overt diabetes mellitus developed at 17 years and was well controlled by insulin therapy. Histocompatilibity (HLA) antigens were A2, B8, B40. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders have previously been reported after congenital rubella, and recently after congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Our patient had both endocrinopaties. It is possible that HLA B8 antigens might be responsible for increased susceptibility to rubella infection.
 ...
PMID:Hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and the congenital rubella syndrome. 736 31

In view of the controversy surrounding the role of environmental factors, such as the presence of bovine albumin in milk, or viral infections, in the etiology of IDDM, a study was undertaken to determine the relationship between these events and the subsequent risk of developing IDDM. On 40 venezuelan diabetic children (< 18 y) and forty, age, sex and race-matched controls were studied at the same time. Parents of children completed a questionnaire on the infant's feeding habits, its environment and family history. The X2 method and the Fischer's exact test were used to analyze the results. We found that 20% of the controls, and 10% of IDDM (NS), were never breast-fed. In 95% of controls vs 65% of IDDM (p < 0.001), cow's milk was given exclusively from birth, or combined with breast-feeding, 65% of IDDM and 60% of controls (NS) were breast-fed (alone or combined with milk substitutes) for more than three months. These results do not support the hypothesis that early exposure to breast milk substitutes increases the risk of IDDM in venezuelan children. The study revealed, however, that a family history of diabetes mellitus was present in 55% of IDDM vs 30% of controls (p < 0.05) and mumps infection before the onset of diabetes was recorded in 42.5% of IDDM in comparison with 12.5% of controls (p = 0.005). Other viral infections (rubella, chicken pox) had no statistical significance. The latter results suggest an association between a family history of diabetes mellitus and viral infections with the development of IDDM among this group of children.
 ...
PMID:[Role of environmental factors in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Venezuelan children]. 754 2

In October 1991, 115 internal medicine and 28 family practice residents at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, completed a questionnaire designed to assess and compare their knowledge, attitudes, and management skills in caring for women of reproductive age. Researchers planned to use the results as a reference as they update the residency training curricula in this inner-city hospital. The residents frequently did not mention family planning (about 50%) or safer sex and sexually transmitted diseases (36-68%) in the information they provided during counseling sessions with women of reproductive age. They also did not always mention rubella immunization (50-56%). 27-39.3% would not advise a pregnant woman to stop smoking. 74% would not discuss congenital anomalies with a diabetic woman seeking to conceive. 45% would not advise a woman with diabetes to discontinue oral hypoglycemics if she were to become pregnant. 58% would not review or changed hypertension drugs in a newly diagnosed pregnant woman. Both internal medicine residents and family practice residents scored high on attitudes toward preconception care, but, for all three postgraduate years, family practice residents scored higher than internal medicine residents in attitude (p = 0.0076, 0.0003, and 0.0001). Family practice residents did not score better in management skills than internal medicine residents, however. They only scored better in knowledge during the second postgraduate year (p = 0.0379). The knowledge, attitude, and management scores did not increase significantly with increasing number of postgraduate years. The subgroup of residents who had rotated through the high risk prenatal clinic (8 internal medicine and 14 family practice residents) scored higher than their colleagues, however. These findings show that residents are not prepared to take the opportunity to advise a pregnant woman to modify risk behaviors that adversely affect pregnancy outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Are primary care residents adequately prepared to care for women of reproductive age? 779 98

Mumps-measles-rubella vaccination-induced antibody responses were studied in Type 1 diabetic children to find out the possible aberrations in mumps antibody responsiveness previously seen after natural mumps in Type 1 diabetic children. Mumps, measles, and rubella virus antibodies were studied in 364 newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic subjects, their 240 non-diabetic siblings and 59 age- and sex-matched, unrelated, non-diabetic control subjects who all had received mumps-measles-rubella vaccine but had not had the respective infections. Sera were collected from all children at the time of the diagnosis of diabetes in the index case which was on average 2.5 years after the mumps-measles-rubella vaccination. The levels of IgG class mumps virus antibodies were lower in diabetic patients than in their non-diabetic siblings (p < 0.0005). This difference was most pronounced in males as male patients had significantly lower IgG mumps antibody levels than female patients. Rubella and measles IgG antibodies did not differ between patients and control subjects. The results are in accordance with previous studies suggesting a selective decrease in mumps antibody levels in Type 1 diabetic children. As the exposure to mumps virus had been exactly the same in all study groups, low mumps antibodies in diabetic children suggest decreased responsiveness rather than different number of past infections in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Low mumps antibody levels induced by mumps-measles-rubella vaccinations in type 1 diabetic children. 789 58

Two cases of fatal, acute-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children were diagnosed. Epidemiologic and serologic studies, as well as histologic analysis of pancreatic tissue in fatal viral infections, support the contention that a viral infection could cause beta cell destruction, leading to IDDM. The presence of nucleic acid sequences from viral agents considered to be potentially diabetogenic, specifically, cytomegalovirus and mumps, rubella, and coxsackie viruses, were investigated in the pancreatic tissues by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot hybridization. Total pancreatic RNAs extracted from five children who died from nondiabetic causes were included as controls. Viral genetic information from any of these four viral agents was not found. This result indicates that the acute IDDM in these cases was not due to a direct infection of pancreatic beta cells by any of the viral agents studied.
 ...
PMID:Failure to detect genomic viral sequences in pancreatic tissues from two children with acute-onset diabetes mellitus. 815 14

A nationwide mumps-measles-rubella vaccination was introduced in 1982 in Finland to children aged 1.5 to 6 years and since then mumps has virtually disappeared in the country. We investigated whether this rapid epidemiological change had any impact on antibody activity against mumps virus in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children or on the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Finland. Two case-control series were collected before (series I and II) and three series after (series III-V) the introduction of the vaccination. IgA class mumps antibody levels were significantly higher in Type 1 diabetic children than in matched control children in the first two but not in the three later series. IgG class antibody levels were similar in patients and control subjects in the first two series but significantly lower in patients than in control subjects in the three later series. The overall incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 0-14-year-old children increased until 1987 but remained about the same during 1988-1990. In 5-9-year-old children no further increase in Type 1 diabetes was seen since 1985, whereas in 0-4-year-old children the incidence continued to rise until 1990. The results suggest that the elimination of natural mumps by mumps-measles-rubella vaccination may have decreased the risk for Type 1 diabetes in Finland; a possible causal relationship is substantiated by the observed concomitant decrease in mumps antibody levels in diabetic children. However, further studies are required to determine if the vaccine virus, like natural mumps, could trigger the clinical onset of Type 1 diabetes in young children.
 ...
PMID:Decline of mumps antibodies in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children and a plateau in the rising incidence of type 1 diabetes after introduction of the mumps-measles-rubella vaccine in Finland. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. 830 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>