Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Being able to detect fetal abnormalities that may be associated with hydramnios would be extremely useful, especially when diabetes mellitus, Rh isoimmunization, and multiple pregnancy are ruled out. For this purpose the new technique of fetography, consisting of injecting a small amount of 2 radioque media (liposoluble and hydrosoluble), was used. Four out of 6 fetuses were correctly predicted to be abnormal. They were 1 case of esophageal atresia, 1 of suspicious chromosomal abnormality (after birth it was confirmed as having the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome), and 2 of trisomy 18. It is felt that this simple technique should be used as an aid to the obstetrician faced with the problem of determining the basis of unexplained hydramnios.
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PMID:Diagnosis of human fetal abnormalities by fetography. 17 33

Bacteriolytic activity and lecithin concentration were measured in amniotic fluid samples from both normal and pathologic pregnancies, including conditions such as severe Rh isoimmunization, placental dysfunction, preeclampsia, and diabetes. The bacteriolytic activity increased threefold from the 25th gestational week to term, after which a slight reduction was found. No difference was found between pathologic and normal pregnancies. No correlation was found between lecithin content and bacteriolytic activity. Samples from pregnancies in which the infant developed respiratory distress syndrome had low lecithin concentrations but showed normal bacteriolytic activities.
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PMID:Bacteriolytic activity of amniotic fluid. 41 73

The use of gray scale B mode provides more effective visualization for sonographic evaluation of fetal ascities. Two cases of severely Rh isoimmunized fetuses with hydrops and one fetus with hydrops secondary to chylous ascites are presented to show the ultrasonic features of diagnosis of fetal edema and ascities. Thus, ultrasonic evaluation in known cases of Rh isoimmunization or diabetes provides additional information on the status of the fetus in utero and rapid recognition of fetal hydrops. This additional information aids in the management of the pregnancy and in the determination of the time of delivery.
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PMID:Recognition of the hydropic fetus by gray scale ultrasound. 81 19

Amniotic fluid creatinine, percentage of lipid-positive cells, and L/S ratio were determined on 285 samples from normal pregnancies and 222 samples from abnormal pregnancy states (Rh isoimmunization, diabetes, hypertensive disorders, intrauterine growth retardation, and hydramnios). In normal pregnancy the coefficient of correlation between true gestational age and estimated period of gestation (EPG) based on the three parameters was 0.94, in Rh isoimmunization 0.77, in diabetes 0.67, and in hypertensive disorders 0.59. In intrauterine growth retardation both the L/S ratio and creatinine were depressed, the coefficient was 0.61, and the EPG was consistently less than the true gestational age. The mean L/S ratio in pre-eclampsia was slightly below the normal mean and in diabetes the mean L/S ratio was also depressed. In 150 samples taken within 48 hours of delivery L/S ratios were accurate in assessing fetal pulmonary maturity although there was a 20 per cent incidence over all of false-immature values. There were no false-mature values except in diabetes (2/9).
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PMID:Amniotic fluid tests for fetal maturity in normal and abnormal pregnancies. 82 Feb

A simple biochemical method has been used to determine the content of neutral lipid of washed cell pellets prepared from 114 samples of amniotic fluid. This was done to improve the large standard deviation of the conventional orange fat cell measurements. By relating the content of neutral lipids to the total protein content of the pellet, the error of cell counting is minimized. The resultant glyceride/protein ratio increases 20 times within the last 8 weeks of pregnancy. The results are not altered by associated diabetes, hydramnios or Rh isoimmunization.
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PMID:Glyceride content of amniotic fluid cells as an index of fetal maturity. 127 42

The aim of this study was to assess any changes in cause-specific fetal death rates in the nonreferred population of a tertiary care unit. The fetal death rate (per 1000 births) among 88,651 births diminished from 11.5 in the 1960s to 5.1 in the 1980s. Fetal death due to intrapartum asphyxia and Rh isoimmunization has almost disappeared. Toxemia and diabetes continue to make similar and small contributions to fetal death rates. There has been a significant decline in unexplained antepartum fetal deaths and in those caused by fetal growth retardation, but no significant change in the death rate due to intrauterine infection or abruptio placentae. During the 1960s, the risk of fetal death was increased in women with hypertension, diabetes, or a history of stillbirth; during the 1980s, only women with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes were at risk. Improved application of current knowledge may help decrease the fetal death rate caused by fetal growth retardation. Reduction in deaths due to abruptio placentae, intrauterine infections, or lethal malformations, as well as unexplained antepartum deaths, appears to depend on better understanding of the etiology of these disorders.
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PMID:The changing pattern of fetal death, 1961-1988. 172 82

Lysozyme activity was measured in amniotic fluid samples from 90 pregnant women with gestational age ranging from 30 to 41 weeks. Twenty-nine samples were from high-risk subjects with different pathologies and signs of fetal distress. The control group consisted of 20 normal and 41 pathological pregnant women, whose disorders included Rh isoimmunization, diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension and pre-eclampsia without signs of fetal distress. Amniotic fluid lysozyme levels in normal controls were similar to those detected in abnormal pregnant women without signs of fetal distress (means = 156.0 vs 131.8 micrograms/ml for 34-37 weeks of gestation), with a tendency toward higher values as pregnancy progressed to term (means = 182.1 vs 155.4 micrograms/ml for 38-41 weeks of gestation). Lysozyme levels were significantly lower in high-risk pregnant women with signs of fetal distress, regardless of neonate birth weight, than in subjects showing no such signs (means = 40.3 and means = 25.4 micrograms/ml at 34-37 and 38-41 weeks of gestation, respectively). These data support the possibility of using amniotic fluid lysozyme activity levels as an indicator of fetal distress.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid lysozyme activity in fetal distress. 209 89

In pregnancies complicated by diabetes, foetal lung maturation depends on a good control of maternal blood glucose values. In poorly controlled maternal diabetes, foetal hyperinsulinaemia may cause a delay in pulmonary maturation. There was no single case of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 112 pregnant class B-F diabetic patients that we treated with high doses of insulin. Furthermore, in a controlled randomized trial of diet versus insulin treatment in class A diabetes we found no differences in perinatal mortality in patients with adequate metabolic control. In pregnancies complicated by Rh isoimmunization, determination of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid is a more reliable marker of foetal lung maturity than is the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. The marked decrease in perinatal mortality due to Rh incompatibility observed in recent years depends on several factors including administration of corticosteroids to the mother to prevent RDS, irrespective of whether amniotic fluid parameters indicate foetal lung maturity.
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PMID:Foetal pulmonary maturation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes and Rh immunization. 250 Sep 41

The development of Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulations is one of the most important achievements of modern obstetrics. For the first time, the obstetrician has the ability to evaluate, in a noninvasive way, circulatory systems critical to fetal development and the outcome of pregnancy and to obtain information of great value for the management of complicated pregnancies. At this time, Doppler examination of the umbilical artery has become a fundamental part of the evaluation of pregnancies complicated by retarded fetal growth. Doppler examination of the umbilical and uterine arteries has become the most accurate test to establish a fetal prognosis in patients with hypertension in pregnancy. Other indications for the use of this methodology (twins, diabetes, Rh isoimmunization, etc.) are being studied, and the role of Doppler ultrasound probably will extend significantly beyond the now well-established indications for its use.
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PMID:The use of Doppler waveform analysis in the evaluation of the high-risk fetus. 306 67

For women whose health cannot support pregnancy, the author's obstetrics department has formed a multidisciplinary team to counsel couples on psychological and practical aspects of contraception and abortion. High risk pregnancies are those occuring in women with such disorders as cardiopathy, nephropathy, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, Rhesus isoimmunization and psychosis. Two approaches are used: to prevent or terminate pregnancy. Contraception must be explained concretely, addressing the couples' particular situation and personality. Pills are often contraindicated, in high risk patients as are IUDs in nulliparas and those taking anticoagulants. Many couples used to careful medical surveillance can adjust to temperature rhythm or diaphragms. For women who must have Tubal ligation, the decision is made jointly by the couple, obstetrician, psychotherapist and specialist. Counseling is usually necessary to prevent psychological or sexual dysfunction, particularly in those sterilized during caesarean section if the infant's survival is also at risk. A similar multidisciplinary team is consulted for therapeutic abortion alone or combined with tubal ligation.
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PMID:[Fecundity and high risk pregnancy]. 507 55


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