Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retinal vein occlusion is a common form of retinal vascular disease, especially in middle-aged and older individuals. The diagnosis is based on the funduscopic finding of retinal vein dilatation in association with retinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. The pathology can involve the entire venous system or can be limited to a branch of the central retinal vein. Retinal vein occlusion can be distinguished clinically from diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. Treatment for the acute phase of retinal vein occlusion has been disappointing. However, some late complications, such as persistent macular edema and neovascularization of the iris and retina, respond well to retinal photocoagulation. The family physician has an important role in detecting and controlling risk factors for retinal vein occlusion, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperviscosity syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Retinal vein occlusion. 159 15

Retinal vein occlusion is a serious ophthalmologic condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid permanent vision loss. With acute onset of central vein occlusion, vision loss is sudden, unilateral, and painless. Vision loss from branch vein occlusion is typically less severe. Many chronic medical conditions put the patient at high risk for this problem, among them hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and other types of cardiovascular disease. Primary care practitioners, who ordinarily see many patients with such chronic illnesses, are in an excellent position to diagnose retinal vein occlusion and to participate in its management through opthalmologic referral.
 ...
PMID:An eye disorder caused by chronic cardiovascular disease. 265 Dec 19

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) not infrequently occurs in diabetic patients. Although the aetiology is unclear, it could relate to the other microvascular complications of diabetes. In the non-diabetic, both the central (CRVO) and branch (BRVO) forms are commonly associated with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. We have therefore studied fifty type II diabetic patients with RVO compared to a carefully matched diabetic control group (n = 50) to elucidate underlying medical conditions and hence the aetiology of RVO in diabetic patients. The two groups were well matched. Diabetics with RVO showed a strikingly high prevalence of hypertension compared to the controls (72% versus 32%: p < 0.001) and a trend to increased hyperlipidaemia (54% versus 36%). Diabetic microvascular complications were more common in the control group (diabetic retinopathy and proteinuria). No significant differences were observed in mean HbA1 or weight, but current smoking habits and blood pressure levels were increased in the diabetics with RVO. 80% of diabetic patients with the BRVO form, were hypertensive. We conclude that the main underlying medical conditions for RVO in diabetics are hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and these may be important in the aetiology as in the non-diabetic. RVO is more common in type II rather than type I diabetes, and does not associate with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications. Clinical assessment for hypertension and hyperlipidaemia is therefore important in diabetic patients with RVO, especially if recurrence of the condition and further visual loss is to be prevented.
 ...
PMID:Does type II diabetes predispose to retinal vein occlusion? 821 32

Retinal vascular occlusions are the second most common retinal vascular diseases following diabetic retinopathy. Central retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion are most often caused by emboli. The mean age of patients with retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion is 62 and 58 years, respectively. The most common risk factors are arterial hypertension (65%), diabetes mellitus (25%), valvular diseases of the heart (25%), and carotid artery stenosis or plaques (45%). Rare causes are arteritis and vascular spasm. The pathogenesis of retinal branch vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion remains speculative. Two different mechanisms have been postulated, i.e. thrombosis in the vein due to a compression by atherosclerotic changes in the adjacent artery and a local alteration of the blood flow due to unfavourable physiologic factors. Retinal vein occlusion manifests at a mean age of 65 years. The most common risk factors are arterial hypertension in 34-75% and primary open angle glaucoma in 2.1-82%. In 5.6% of the patients with retinal branch vein occlusion retinal vasculitis is present.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors for retinal occlusive diseases]. 944 8

We describe variations of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2(11-dehydro-TXB2) levels in human urine samples. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a thrombotic disease in which the retinal vein is blocked by blood aggregations. We considered the possibility that 11-dehydro-TXB2 plays an important role in the formation of RVO. Thus, we determined the 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels in patients with RVO using gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring (GC/SIM) and compared them with those of healthy volunteers. The thromboxane levels in patients with RVO, who did not also have diabetes, were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers. One cause of RVO may be the variation of thromboxane production. Furthermore, this GC/SIM method can be applied to the prevention and treatment of not only RVO, but also of general thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 in patients with occluded retinal vein using GC/SIM. 948 68

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a relatively common disease that is often associated with a variety of systemic disorders including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and systemic vasculitis. There are various types of RVO, categorized on the basis of the site of occlusion and on the type of consequent vascular damage. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the most frequently occurring and clinically relevant type of RVO. In addition to the well-known classical risk factors, new hemostasis-related ones have been investigated in patients affected by CRVO. The data concerning a number of parameters remain contradictory; yet, high levels of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and hyperhomocysteinemia appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although based on a limited number of studies, this new knowledge could eventually provide important indications regarding prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular and thrombophilic risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion. 1202 Jun 23

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a relatively common disease, often associated with the presence of diseases related to internal medicine. It is well known that RVO is associated with common systemic vascular disorders such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. Several studies using hospital-based controls have shown an increased risk of RVO in patients with arteriopathy, or high levels of plasma glucose and arterial blood pressure. Patients are categorized into six types of RVO based on the site of occlusion and on the type of consequent vascular damage. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the most frequently-occurring and clinically relevant type of RVO. In addition to the well-known classical risk factors, new haemostasis-related ones have been investigated in patients affected by CRVO. While data concerning a number of parameters remain contradictory, high levels of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and hyperhomocysteinemia appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although based on a limited number of studies, this new knowledge could eventually provide important indications regarding prognosis and therapeutic strategies. There is no established treatment for CRVO. Treatment consists primarily of managing any identified underlying systemic disease. The increasing role of hypercoagulability in patients with CRVO supports the use of antithrombotic drugs in the treatment of this disease. Vitamin treatment to correct hyperhomocysteinemia should also be taken into consideration. However, the approach to CRVO treatment with antithrombotic drugs is not evidence-based yet. There is urgent need of intervention trials to evaluate the role of these drugs in CRVO patients.
 ...
PMID:Retinal vein thrombosis: risk factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic approach. 1367 63

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second commonest vascular disease of the eye, second only to Diabetic Retinopathy. The association of the retinal vein occlusion with other systemic disease likes hypertension, diabetes mellitus and others has been well documented. With the increase in persons being affected from these disorders, patients with retinal vein obstruction are also increasing. Hence, a study was designed to evaluate all cases of RVO to find out its association with systemic disorders. A total of 100 patients (106 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Out of which, 66 cases reported to have Brach Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) and rest 34 cases with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). Among the associated systemic diseases, hypertension and diabetes mellitus accounted for 84% cases. Isolated hypertension (54%) was most commonly seen followed by diabetes mellitus (8%). The prevalence of BRVO was almost twice as compared to CRVO. The high association of various systemic disorder especially Hypertension and diabetes further supports the need of early and periodic eye examination for those suffering from these disorders.
 ...
PMID:Association of systemic diseases with retinal vein occlusive disease. 1718 69

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the most common retinal vascular disorder second to diabetic retinopathy. The main risk factors in patients with RVO are hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, increased blood viscosity and glaucoma. The pathogenesis of RVO has not yet been clarified. In these events platelets could play a very important role. In the present study the platelet response to collagen was deeply investigated. Experiments were carried out on a selected group of RVO patients, which were compared to a group of healthy subjects matched for age, sex, clinical and metabolic characteristics. In resting and activated platelets of both groups of subjects p72syk phosphorylation, phospholipase Cgamma2 phosphorylation, protein kinase C activation, intra-cellular calcium levels and nitric oxide formation were measured. Results show that platelets of patients were more responsive to collagen or ADP than healthy subjects and that the response was significantly different (p < 0.0005) at low concentrations of these agonists. In platelets of patients stimulated with collagen increased phosphorylation of p72syk and phospholipase Cgamma2 was found. Also protein kinase C was more activated in patients. In addition intracellular calcium rise induced by collagen was significantly higher in patients than in healthy subjects. RVO patients showed a lower basal level of nitric oxide both in resting and stimulated platelets compared to healthy subjects. Altogether these results suggest that the platelet hyperaggregability described in patients might be an important factor in the development of RVO contributing to the thrombogenic effects.
 ...
PMID:Platelet activation by collagen is increased in retinal vein occlusion. 1726 50

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy and is a common cause of visual morbidity and blindness in the elderly. A large proportion of patients with RVO have a history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or open-angle glaucoma. Although RVO is sometimes associated with thrombophilias and coagulation abnormalities, the role of coagulation factors in the development of RVO remains unclear. This review did not find strong evidence to support an extensive work-up for thrombophilic and coagulation diseases for the vast majority of patients. However, when tests for common cardiovascular risk factors for RVO are negative, evaluation for potential coagulation disorders may be indicated, particularly in young patients and in patients with bilateral RVO, a history of previous thromboses or a family history of thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Retinal vein occlusion: an approach to diagnosis, systemic risk factors and management. 1912 May 47


1 2 Next >>