Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cases of 100 consecutive persons (156 eyes) seen with peripheral proliferative retinopathy were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. Associated systemic and ocular diseases included sickling hemoglobinopathies (49%), branch retinal vein obstruction (20%), diabetes mellitus (9%), sarcoidosis (4%), intravenous drug abuse (4%), the ocular ischemic syndrome (1%), pars planitis (1%), Coats' disease (1%) and retinitis pigmentosa/retinal detachment (1%). In ten (10%) patients no obvious cause for the development of new blood vessel growth could be ascertained.
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PMID:Peripheral proliferative retinopathies. 244 26

Many serious disorders that threaten eyesight can now be treated with vitreoretinal surgery. As there was no regional facility for this treatment a service was developed to provide it. Among the first 100 patients treated over half had diabetic vitreoretinal disease. The remainder had ocular trauma (15), non-diabetic vasculopathy (10), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (10), and miscellaneous disorders including diagnostic procedures (14). Sight was improved in most cases, 27 diabetic and 21 non-diabetic patients regaining navigating vision. Few patients were made worse: one only of the 49 non-diabetic patients and 12 of the 51 diabetic patients, and none whose vision was better than the ability to count fingers before operation. The many indications for this procedure, the size of the population that could benefit (an estimated minimum of 3800 operations per year in the United Kingdom in patients with diabetes alone), and the great potential benefit of the procedure all suggest the need for regional services. These would be cost effective in preventing blindness.
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PMID:A vitreoretinal service. 250 82

Seventeen eyes of nine extremely premature infants with severe acute proliferative retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, Grades III-V) were treated. Cryotherapy alone was used in ten eyes to ablate extensive areas of avascular retina to thereby induce involution of widespread intravitreous neovascularization. No attempt was made to directly treat the arteriovenous shunt or neovascularization itself. Scleral buckling surgery was used in combination with cryotherapy in seven additional eyes to relieve diffuse vitreous traction to intravitreous neovascularization which had caused extensive traction retinal detachment. Cryotherapy was uniformly successful in causing involution of widespread intravitreous neovascularization in all patients treated. Scleral buckling surgery was initially effective in reattaching the retina in all cases but late manifestations of severe ongoing vitreoretinal traction required additional open-sky vitrectomy in two eyes and resulted in inoperable recurrent total traction retinal detachment in one eye and extensive macular scarring in another. A comparison is made between the proliferative retinopathies seen in ROP and diabetes mellitus and a rationale for effective cryotherapy in ROP is presented. In our clinical experience, the single most important prognostic factor determining the potential severity of ROP is the width and extent of the retinal avascular zone. The wider the zone, the greater the probability of rapid progression from early to advanced grades of disease.
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PMID:The treatment of advanced retinopathy of prematurity by cryotherapy and scleral buckling surgery. 258 Dec 7

We recently observed a patient in whom basal ganglia calcification (BGC) was demonstrated on sequential CT scans only 9 days after the anoxic episode. A 58-year-old woman had a history of diabetes mellitus for 23 years for which she was treated with insulin. She had a operation for retinal detachment under local anesthesia. Two days after the operation, she developed dyspnea, and was referred to our department. She was intubated, and respiratory support was begun. On neurological examination, she was semicomatose, and intermittent spontaneous movements involved in all extremities. The pupils were 3 mm in diameter, equal and responsive. Full doll's eye responses were obtained both horizontally and vertically. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive bilaterally without ankle jerks and extensor plantar responses. Arterial blood gas levels revealed a PaO2 of 49 mmHg, PaCO2 38 mmHg: pH 7.16. Serum Ca, P, Mg, Al-p and parathyroid hormone levels were normal. The EEG was isoelectric. Although the initial CT scan was normal, the subsequent CT scan 9 days later showed extensive high density change of the striatum, which was assumed to be BGC due to anoxia was briefly discussed.
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PMID:[CT evidence of high density area in bilateral striatum secondary to anoxia]. 259 29

The presence or absence of retinal detachment, especially detachment of the macula, was the most critical parameter predicting visual outcome, and long duration of detachment worsened the prognosis (P = 0.0084). In contrast, the time interval from vitreous haemorrhage to surgery did not associate with the long-term visual outcome. Pre-operative visual acuity of counting fingers 1 m or better was associated with favourable visual outcome (P = 0.0032). Other pre- or per-operative parameters (e.g. aphakia, iris rubeosis, extent of photocoagulation, retinal breaks) did not associate with visual prognosis significantly. Significant association between general parameters and visual outcome was found only in the group of traction retinal detachment where loss of vision was related to shorter duration of diabetes (P = 0.0213), and shorter duration of background retinopathy (P = 0.0300), and proliferative retinopathy (P = 0.0072).
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PMID:Significance of various systemic and ocular parameters in the long-term prognosis after diabetic vitrectomy. 262 79

The authors analysed 1000 personal records of visually disabled persons of the 1st and 2d disability groups taking into consideration the causes which led to the loss of vision or its handicap. It was established that the most frequent cause of disability were: high myopia (26.7%), diseases of the retina and uvea (18.5%), senile cataract (16.3%), glaucoma (10.3%), optic nerve atrophy (8.8%), congenital anomalies (4.9%), corneal diseases (4.8%), diabetes (4.3%), injuries (3.3%) and retinal detachment (2.1%).
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PMID:[The most frequent causes of loss and impairment of vision]. 263 39

Systemically administered fluorescein (F) is rapidly transformed to the fluorescent metabolite fluorescein glucuronide (FG). Little is known about how diseases can influence the synthesis or disposition of FG. We studied F and FG in the plasma ultrafiltrate of 75 people who were normal or had diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, or idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. F and FG were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of FG was comparable to F 1 h after an intravenous injection of F, both in normal subjects and in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, which suggests that FG may not be an important contributor to the vitreous fluorescence at that time. At later times FG substantially exceeded F. The concentration of FG was significantly higher in diabetics than in the other groups 14 h after an oral dose of F. Accordingly, the possible effect of disease on plasma dye concentrations should be considered in studies measuring F by fluorescence hours after systemic F administration, since this could influence the intraocular fluorescence irrespective of any alteration in ocular function.
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PMID:Plasma fluorescein and fluorescein glucuronide in patients with selected eye diseases. 272 78

A fiberoptic illuminated infusion cannula for posterior segment surgery allows the introduction of viscoelastic substances under preretinal membranes in diabetics, defining the vascular epicenters and making scissors delamination easier and safer. This technique has been most helpful in diabetics who have an attached posterior hyaloid. It appears to reduce the incidence of posterior breaks. We have used this instrument successfully in 12 patients with diabetes who have severe fibrovascular proliferation with or without retinal detachment.
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PMID:An illuminated cannula for viscodelamination. 275 63

Localization of the site of blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetes has been controversial. It has been particularly difficult to make assessments in clinical material where the use of tracer materials may not be practical. In this study, immunohistochemical staining for albumin was performed on paraffin-embedded eyes from patients with no known ocular disease and those with various stages of diabetic retinopathy. No extravascular albumin was detected in the retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of normal nondiabetics or diabetics with no ocular findings, but it was detected in 12.5% of mildly affected diabetics, 20% of background diabetic retinopathy cases, and 89% of proliferative diabetic retinopathy cases. The inner retinal vasculature appeared to be the primary site of leakage in diabetics because all cases demonstrating extravascular albumin-positivity expressed it in the inner retina. It usually permeated the vessel walls and spread along the inner surface of the retina. Some of these cases also contained albumin in the outer retina and RPE, suggesting that additional leakage also may occur through the RPE. A case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis showed albumin staining predominantly in the inner retina, whereas a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment showed only outer retina staining. These data suggest immunohistochemical staining for albumin may be a useful technique for localizing blood-retinal barrier breakdown.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of blood-retinal barrier breakdown in human diabetics. 291 45

Neurotrophic corneal changes are described on the basis of six cases: 1) diabetes mellitus; 2) after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia; 3) intracerebellar hemorrhage; 4) postinfectious trigeminal neuropathy; 5) Wallenberg's syndrome; 6) encircling procedure for retinal detachment. The symptoms in common suggest a decrease in the trophic influence of the trigeminal nerve.
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PMID:[Manifestations of possible trophic changes in the corneal epithelium due to decreased trigeminal function]. 336 91


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