Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endocrine crises can occur in diabetes mellitus, in pituitary failure when there is a lack of ACTH, TSH or ADH secretion, in severe hyper- or hypothyroidism (thyroid storm and myxedema coma), severe hyper- or hypoparathyroidism (parathyroid crisis and tetany), in adrenal failure and in patients with pheochromocytoma or carcinoid tumors. Cushing's syndrome can be associated with psychotic crises. This review describes the most important clinical features and the basic diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the non diabetic endocrine crises.
 ...
PMID:[Endocrine crises]. 848 76

An enquiry has been made into the causes of admission in 1994 of African patients to Gelukspan Hospital, North West Province, South Africa. The study concerned 3791 patients of whom 3533 (93.2%) were classifiable. Two groups were not included in this number, namely, 1584 'lodgers' (e.g. mothers of infants), and 1868 females admitted for normal pregnancy. Of the 3533 patients, 940 (26.6%) were aged 14 years and younger; 545 (58.0%) these were boys and 395 (42.0%) were girls. The main causes of their admission were pneumonia, gastroenteritis, trauma, poisoning, and infections. Of the 2593 adults, 1418 (54.7%) were males and 1175 (45.3%) females. Among males, chief causes were pulmonary tuberculosis, trauma and accidents, congestive cardiac failure, psychosis, cancer and diabetes. Of the females, chief causes were pulmonary tuberculosis, trauma and accidents, pregnancy related disorders, gastroenteritis, anaemia and pneumonia. Regarding other diseases, 4.5% of adults were admitted for cancer, and 1.8% for diabetes. The general pattern of admissions is similar to that reported in other rural hospitals. The causes of admissions are discussed, regarding; (i) public health improvements occurring, and (ii) means of promoting further improvements by community self-help, and by help from State health and other services.
 ...
PMID:Causes of admission of African patients to Gelukspan Hospital, North West Province, South Africa. 899 67

The use of ondansetron, a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is well established in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy or anaesthesia and surgery. The wide distribution of 5-HT3 receptors in the body and the role of these receptors in disease have provided the rationale for investigation of ondansetron in novel applications. Preliminary data have shown ondansetron to have clinical benefit in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with drug overdosage or poisoning, anti-infective or antidepressant therapies, uraemia or neurological trauma, and in patients with pruritus. Patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders (e.g. carcinoid syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidiosis or diabetes, and chronic refractory diarrhoea) have also shown some improvement when treated with ondansetron, as have patients with certain pain or CNS-related disorders [e.g. alcohol (ethanol) dependence, opiate withdrawal, vertigo, cerebellar tremor and Parkinson's disease treatment-related psychosis]. In contrast to conventional antiemetics, ondansetron is generally well tolerated with a lower incidence of sedation and only isolated case reports of extrapyramidal reactions. Furthermore, unlike dopamine receptor-blocking neuroleptics, ondansetron does not appear to worsen the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Thus, in addition to its established indications, preliminary results suggest that ondansetron may be beneficial in a number of novel applications. This drug may represent a treatment alternative in patients with refractory disease, or an effective treatment of conditions for which current therapies are either poorly tolerated or not available. Further investigation of ondansetron in a range of potential new applications appears to be warranted.
 ...
PMID:Ondansetron. A review of its pharmacology and preliminary clinical findings in novel applications. 911 22

The mothers of 101 psychotic patients and 116 normal controls were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to determine the presence or absence of autoimmune disorders in first degree relatives of the probands. Thyrotoxicosis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were significantly more common in the relatives of the psychotic patients than in the control relatives; in particular thyrotoxicosis was more frequent in the mothers of patients (11%) than the mothers of controls (2.6%). None of the examined characteristics of the patients, including RDC-diagnosis, family history of psychosis, age at onset of psychosis and winter birth, was predictive of thyrotoxicosis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relatives.
 ...
PMID:Family history of autoimmune diseases in psychosis. 914 94

Diabetes mellitus associated with mitochondrial tRNA mutation at position 3243(DM-Mt3243) is a new disease. Patients have a distinctly different picture from MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). During observations at the Saiseikai Central Hospital, the following findings were noted in DM-Mt3243 patients: DM-Mt3243 patients are diagnosed earlier with diabetes, compared to NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) controls without family history. DM-Mt3243 patients often need insulin more often than NIDDM controls without family history. Post-treatment neuropathy and insulin edema are often found in DM-Mt3243, and the two phenomena possibly have a similar pathophysiology related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Ambiguous psychiatric disorders of functional psychosis are observed frequently in DM-Mt3243. Mild headache is common in DM-Mt3243 cases. Ambiguous neuromuscular abnormalities such as sleep disturbance, paresthesia of the legs, edema of the legs, and palpitation may be symptoms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in DM-Mt3243. Coenzyme Q may be effective in the relief of these neuromuscular symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes mellitus associated with 3243 mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation: clinical features and coenzyme Q10 treatment. 926 20

Subcortical hyperintensities are easily visualized areas of signal abnormality that are seen on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Characteristically they occur in the white matter of the brain and are more common in elderly people. In depression, little is known of the clinical significance of subcortical hyperintensities or their contribution to the prognosis. Fifty-eight consecutive patients with DSM-III-R depression and an age range of 65 to 85 years were prospectively collected from an old-age psychiatry service. Response to treatment was assessed with a clinical global outcome measure. A neuropsychology battery was completed on all patients after treatment. Forty-four patients completed MRI scanning. The scans were scored using a regional rating system for hyperintensities. Forty-eight percent of patients had a favorable response to treatment on the clinical global outcome scale. Poor outcome was associated with female sex (p = .07), poor physical health (p = .040), diabetes (p = .018), psychosis (p = .026), and an early age at onset of first episode of depression (p = .036). Even after adjustment for confounding effects, there were significant neuropsychological associations with the regional hyperintensities. Distribution in the periventricular area correlated with delayed recall after distraction (p = .025), and punctate lesions in the basal ganglia correlated with impaired category production (p = .020). Pontine reticular formation hyperintensities were related to impaired psychomotor speed (p = .04). Location in the frontal deep-white matter (p = .024), basal ganglia (p = .03), and pontine reticular formation (p = .02) was associated with a poor acute response to treatment. However, the response to treatment was not related to total cerebral white-matter hyperintensity load. A logistic regression equation included all the significant prognostic features and found four independent predictors of poor outcome: More than five punctate lesions of the basal ganglia, diabetes, lower mean arterial pressure, and hyperintensity of the pontine reticular formation significantly predicted outcome. These four factors correctly predicted 95.6% of patients with a poor outcome and 85.7% with a favorable outcome. In late-life depression, subcortical hyperintensities are common. Lesions in the cerebral white matter are predominantly associated with memory disturbance, and those in deeper infratentorial areas, with psychomotor slowing and executive deficits. Total white-matter load has no prognostic value, and although some subcortical regions are associated with poor response, individually they have little specificity. However, a combination of involvement in three areas (basal ganglia, pons, and frontal lobe) is clinically relevant and predicts outcome with great accuracy (91%). Patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and deep white matter had an especially poor response to pharmacotherapy.
 ...
PMID:1997 IPA/Bayer Research Awards in Psychogeriatrics. Subcortical hyperintensities in late-life depression: acute response to treatment and neuropsychological impairment. 951 27

Dexfenfluramine (DF) is contraindicated in severe psychiatric disorders and in depression. We used DF in 3 patients with chronic psychosis and severe overeating without changes in psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Two patients had paranoid schizophrenic psychosis with hallucinations, one patient mixed psychosis, beginning with lactation psychosis, and several attacks of hallucinations and depression later. Overeating was removed in all 3 patients without any negative effect on the psychotic state. All patients were able to maintain their body weight. Two patients with poorly controlled diabetes improved markedly their metabolic status. Doses up to 75 mg per day of DF were necessary during binge eating episodes in one patient. We conclude that DF can be used with care under close psychiatric supervision in psychotic patients with severe overeating.
 ...
PMID:Dexfenfluramine in psychotic patients. 974 Oct 46

For many large physician groups, about 75% of all revenues come from capitation contracts. These groups may reduce the variable expenses of patient care by conducting medical outcome studies. Physician groups will obtain the most benefit for their limited research dollars by focusing outcomes research on prevalent medical conditions. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the content of physicians' medical practices. We found that 21 diagnostic clusters defined 70% or more of the episodes treated by primary care physicians. For specialists, no more than eight diagnostic clusters were needed to define the majority of their practices. Outcomes research should initially focus on abdominal pain, acute lower respiratory infections, cataracts, cholelithiasis, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, external abdominal hernias, ischemic heart disease, low back pain, maternity care, menstrual disorders, otitis media, peptic diseases, prostate cancer, psychotic episodes, renal calculi, seizure disorders, and thyroid diseases.
 ...
PMID:Analyzing the content of physicians' medical practices. 1013 99

Among 27,692 patients suffering from alcoholism, delirium tremens occurs only in 8.1% of the cases. From 2417 patients with this psychosis repeated delirium tremens was noted in 12.9%. In the studied group (n = 2417) delirium tremens was observed in men (84.2%) 5.3 times more often than in women (15.8%). The mean age of the onset of the delirium was 43.2 years in women and was older than in the group of men (42.0 years). Age distribution of the disease onset in men and women follows a curve of normal distribution. In 125 patients with schizophrenia combined with delirium tremens there was a high rate of repeated alcoholic delirium (22.4%), epileptic seizures (21.6%), diabetes mellitus of type II (10.4%). These facts confirm the role of hereditary predisposition to development of delirium tremens and allow to relate alcoholic delirium to multifactorial diseases.
 ...
PMID:[The role of genetic factors in the manifestation of delirium tremens]. 1053 12

There is no single cause for schizophrenia. We believe that, as with other common chronic diseases such as diabetes and coronary artery disease, the appropriate aetiological model is one involving multiple genes and environmental risk factors; the latter can be divided into (a) predisposing and (b) precipitating. Our model is that genetic and/or early environmental factors cause the development of anomalous neural networks. We postulate that these interact in the growing child with inherited schizotypal traits to establish a trajectory towards an increasingly solitary and deviant life style. This ultimately projects the individual across the threshold for expression of schizophrenia, sometimes by causing the drug abuse and social adversity that appear to precipitate the psychosis.
 ...
PMID:The developmental 'risk factor' model of schizophrenia. 1062 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>