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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The second-generation screen of human genome has confirmed that HLA region genes play a key role in the susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to estimate the frequency of chosen alleles of DQA1 and DQB1 genes in the patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their first degree relatives in comparison to the healthy population in the north-eastern region of Poland. HLA typing of DQA1 and DQB1 alleles of the HLA region was performed by "phototyping" PCR-SSP method. The highest predisposition to IDDM in the population of the north-eastern region of Poland was associated with DQB1*0302 allele and DQB1*02-DQA1*0301 or DQB1*0302-DQA1*0301 haplotypes, while the dominant protection was connected with DQB1*0602, DQB1*0603 and DQB1*0301 alleles. The high frequency of protective DQB1*0602 and DQB1*0603 alleles and the low percentage of "diabetogenic" DQB1*0302 genes in the healthy control population of north-estern region of Poland may suggest their dominant influence on the relatively low incidence of IDDM in this region. The relatively high percentage of the first degree relatives of IDDM patients with pancreatic autoantibodies but with protective alleles observed in our study, which significantly decreases the risk of IDDM, suggests the necessity of DQB1*0602-03 measurements in such subjects for the better IDDM risk assessment.
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PMID:[DQA1 and DQB1 HLA genes as markers of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Polish population]. 1069 96

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) has been reported to become less common in general population but more common in women, and in elderly patients. The authors looked at the clinical characteristics of TAO in Poland where there was no significant decrease of smoking and the extent of aging of the general population is less profound. They retrospectively reviewed the records of 377 patients with the diagnosis of TAO hospitalized in their institution from 1970 to 1995. If young smoking males demonstrated distal-extremity ischemia with no bruits audible over major arteries, upper limbs involvement, or superficial thrombophlebitis, the diagnosis of TAO was considered certain. When at least one of those criteria was missed, and in men older than 35 years, but in all females, typical arteriographic findings were required for the diagnosis of TAO. Connective-tissue disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypercoagulable state were excluded. Three hundred forty-two men (91%), and 35 (9%) women had a mean age of 29.5 years at the onset of the disease (the oldest patient was 50 years old). The prevalence of TAO in southwest Poland is 8.1/100,000 and the incidence of the disease steadily declines; there was no increase of TAO in women. Three hundred thirty-seven (89%) experienced rest pain, 321 (85%) had ischemic necrosis, and 233 (62%) thrombophlebitis at some (continued on next page) time in the course of the disease. Raynaud's phenomenon occurred in only 39 patients (10%). Those patients who had quit smoking had a 50% decrease of the disease recurrences compared to their smoking period. Because the cause of declining incidence of TAO is obscure, the authors critically evaluated previously used explanations of this phenomenon. They did not confirm the observation of a change in the TAO clinical spectrum: occurrence in women did not increase, the aging of the TAO population was not observed. In Poland TAO is still a disease affecting the peripheral circulation of young smoking males with recurrent episodes of superficial thrombophlebitis and common involvement of the upper extremities; Raynaud's phenomenon is rather infrequent. Smoking cessation ameliorates the course of the disease but does not invariably stop further exacerbations.
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PMID:Sustained classic clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). 1070 22

It was recently shown that there are significant differences between the frequencies of antibodies against pancreatic islet cell antigens (ICA, GADA) in the first degree relatives of IDDM patients in different regions of Poland. There are however no published studies concerning their predictive value in the development of IDDM in the Polish population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the PPV (positive predictive value) of ICA and GADA antibodies and to analyse diabetes-free survival in association with titre, antibodies co-existence and relatives age in the Polish population. The study was performed in 225 first degree relatives of IDDM patients with ICA and/or GADA and 100 relatives without antibodies, in whom ICA and/or GADA were performed in 1993-1994. We have observed significantly lower percentages of diabetes-free survival in subjects with ICA > 20 JDF in comparison to relatives without ICA or with ICA < 20 JDF. The highest predictive value for diabetes type 1 development was associated with the ICA > 80 JDF and with the co-existence of ICA--20-79 JDF and GADA (+). There was also a statistically lower diabetes-free survival in first degree relatives (with ICA > 20 JDF) older than 20 years of age in comparison to the younger subjects. Detection of 2 antibodies: ICA and GADA made it possible to identify 80% of first degree relatives who have developed diabetes type 1 in the following 5-6 years, this suggests that the combined measurement of ICA and GADA could be a useful marker in screening for diabetes type 1 in first degree relatives of IDDM subjects in the Polish population. For the diabetes type 1 risk assessment in relatives with ICA > 20 JDF the age of the studied subjects should be taken into consideration.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the importance of antibodies against islet cells (ICA) and Glutamate Decarboxylase(anti-GAD) for determining prognosis of diabetes type 1 in the Polish population--5 year observation]. 1074 Apr 10

It was recently suggested that there is a tendency of the rising incidence of diabetes type 1 in different countries in Europe. In our previous studies we observed the high frequency of ICA among first degree relatives of diabetic subjects, what could suggest a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes type 1 also in the north-eastern region of Polan. The aim of the study was to estimate the annual incidence of diabetes type 1 in the north-eastern region of Poland and to evaluate the association of the incidence rates with the age, gender, urban-rural differences and the season of the year of the disease onset. The register of new cases of IDDM was established in 1994 using 2 independent data sources. The degree of ascertainment was 98.9% for the combination of both data sources. We observed a rising trend in the incidence from 6.4 in 1994 to 9.9 cases per year per 100,000 in 1998 (p < 0.001). The highest incidence rate increase was recorded in boys aged 5 to 14 years old (16-17 cases per 100,000 in 1997-1998). The rising trend in this incidence was observed in the rural areas, while in urban populations the incidence was unchanged. Seasonal variation in the incidence was also recorded, with a peak in autumn and winter and nadir in summer. Our observations suggest the necessity of the continuation of the studies to identify the diabetogenic environmental factors and to try preventive procedures in the studied population.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of diabetes type 1 in the 0 to 29 year-old age group in Northeastern Poland, 1994-1998--prospective observations]. 1075 37

Our aim was to determine the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the 15-39-yr-old Lithuanian population from 1991 to 1997. A specifically developed communications system with all endocrinologists/diabetologists and general practitioners involved in diabetes care covering 100% of the sample Lithuanian population was the initial data source. Annual reports from regional endocrinologists/diabetologists, death certificates and patients' lists from Diabetes Societies remained as secondary sources for case ascertainment. The annual incidence was calculated per 100,000 persons/yr. The trend in incidence was estimated by fitting the linear regression model with the annual incidence data. The total of 769 new cases (496 males and 273 females) of T1DM were recorded among the 15-39-yr-old population during the period 1 January 1991-31 December 1997. The average age-standardised incidence rate was 7.78 per 100,000 persons/yr [95% Poisson distribution confidence interval (CI) 7.25-8.35] and was slightly higher among males (9.68 per 100,000 persons/yr, 95% CI 8.87-10.57) than among females (5.71 per 100,000, 95% CI 5.07-6.43). Male/female ratio was 1.82 (95% CI 1.69-1.95). Results of the linear regression model showed that the incidence of T1DM in the 15-39-yr-old population had a tendency to increase. The incidence data of T1DM in Lithuania are appropriate to those in Poland and lower than in other countries of the Baltic Sea region.
Diabetes Nutr Metab 2000 Apr
PMID:Incidence in young adulthood-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Lithuania during 1991-1997. Lithuanian Epidemiology Diabetes Study Group. 1089 23

Influenza is one of the most common respiratory diseases. Infections caused by this virus may be very serious and can lead to severe complications. So far, the most effective method of protection against influenza is annual vaccination. The Advisory Committee on Immunisation Practices recommends vaccination against influenza for some groups of people. Unfortunately, in spite of these clear indications, a large number of patients are not vaccinated. This article reviews the current scientific literature on immunological response to influenza vaccination in patients who are at especially high risk for serious post-influenza complications and for whom immunisation against this virus is strongly recommended. Results of studies carried out in Poland and other countries in elderly people, in patients with pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer and haemophilia, and in those with HIV infection are presented. In this review, we focus on the immune response to haemagglutinin. There are some discrepancies between the results of studies carried out by different authors in high risk groups of patients. Some investigations indicated poorer humoral response to influenza vaccine in these groups, while others showed responses comparable to those in healthy individuals. These differences may be explained by differences in types and stages of the chronic diseases, in the treatment and composition of influenza vaccines, and also patients' ages, vaccination history and prevaccination antibody titres. Influenza vaccines are well tolerated in high risk patients, and all adverse reactions are generally mild and similar to those observed in healthy people. Although, in some cases, immunological responses to influenza vaccination measured in the whole study group were poor, there were some individual patients who, after vaccination, developed antihaemaglutinin antibody titres which are considered to give protection against the infection or contribute to a milder course of the disease.
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PMID:Humoral immune response to influenza vaccination in patients from high risk groups. 1092 29

Gradual decrease of salmonellosis is observed in Poland since 1988. In 1998, 26,739 cases of salmonellosis were noted, incidence rate = 69.2 per 100,000 population. Above 80% of cases were laboratory confirmed by isolation Salmonella strains (57 serotypes). Laboratory-based surveillance led to the identification 82 serotypes among examined persons; the most frequent serotype was Enteritidis: 90% of cases and 70% of Salmonella infected healthy persons. Serotypes: Typhimurium, Virchow, Hadar and Infantis caused 6% Salmonella infections. Nearly 53% of patients were hospitalized. Like in the previous years, the most affected age group were children under five (361/100,000). The extraintestinal Salmonella infections were observed in 64 patients for whom at least 1 nonfecal specimen was culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Twenty eight patients had positive blood cultures (26--Enteritidis, 2--Typhimurium). The other positive specimens included subdural fluid (3), pleural fluid (3), joint fluid (2), urine (11) and pus (15). Half of the patients had immunocompromising conditions. Other diseases contributed to infection, especially in older patients, who had hematologic and nonhematologic malignancy, lupus erythematosus, diabetes, cirrhosis. There were 11 deaths (17%).
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PMID:[Salmonellosis in 1998]. 1107 49

One of the very important factors influencing health status and growth and development of children and youth is proper nutrition. In this paper it has been stressed that 20-25% of the Polish population demonstrates health disorders connected with bad nutritional habits and not sufficiently safe food. Therefore one of the priorities in health policy in Poland is the problem of proper nutrition of children and youth. It can influence not only the proper growth and development of the population in developmental period of life, but it can play an evident role in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension in adults.
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PMID:[Health status and physical development of the child versus feeding method]. 1138 Nov 59

Nowadays the cardiovascular diseases particularly ischaemic heart disease (IHD) are the most frequent causes of death in Poland. Some of patients with IHD are completely asymptomatic. These subjects are more susceptible to sudden coronary events due to lack of diagnosis and treatment. Cohn divided patients with asymptomatic ischaemia (AI) into three groups: completely asymptomatic, asymptomatic patients after myocardial infarction, patients with painful angina who have some ischaemic events asymptomatic. Some causes of AI are: increased pain threshold, increased beta-endorphin levels, impairment of pain pathways, smaller ischaemic regions in comparison with painful angina, psychological factors, transient platelet microaggregates. Estimated prevalence of AI is about 2-4% of total population and is larger in the group of patients with multiple coronary disease risk factors especially with diabetes mellitus (autonomic neuropathy). In the patients after myocardial infarction the prevalence of AI is between 30-70% and it is associated with poorer prognosis. In subjects with painful angina 70-80% of total ischaemic episodes detected by 24-hour ECG monitoring is asymptomatic. The most useful methods for diagnosis of AI are ECG exercise test and ambulatory 24-hour ECG monitoring, although they may sometimes produce false positive results. Other tests are not widely performed and their use is restricted to specific circumstances. Some cases are finally solved by coronary angiography. Although screening in whole population is not cost-effective, but in some groups is necessary (people with many risk factors of IHD, people of certain professions--plane pilots, etc.). Treatment of AI does not vary from treatment of symptomatic IHD. Basic drugs used are: aspirin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, long time acting nitrates. Positive effect of statins is also observed. The most beneficial is invasive treatment--CABG is more efficient than PTCA. Moreover the treatment of symptomatic IHD should be oriented not only to eliminate the symptoms but also to withdraw episodes of silent ischaemia confirmed by 24-h ECG monitoring or ECG exercise test.
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PMID:[Silent myocardial ischemia]. 1147 58

In Poland ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the main reasons of death among young people. The most serious manifestation of IHD is heart infarction. To plan medical care organization it is important to know, how long will patients spend in hospital in the case of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This data depends on early rehabilitation duration time. Influence of smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus on duration time of rehabilitation was analyzed in the study. No influence of analyzed risk factors on rehabilitation was noticed in male, in the opposite to female. Female having hypertension and diabetes were rehabilitated longer then patients without these risk factors.
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PMID:[The influence of smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the rehabilitation duration among the patients having non-Q infarction]. 1175 10


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