Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
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Gastrin releasing peptide(GRP)-like immunoreactivity in human plasma was measured using radioimmunoassay of neuromedin C (NMC) in 83 healthy and 58 diseased subjects. In the healthy group, the mean value of fasting GRP-like immunoreactivity was 2.1 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SD) pmol/L. There was a slight positive correlation between the GRP-like immunoreactivity values and aging. Postprandial serial measurements demonstrated that GRP-like immunoreactivity showed no response to a significant elevation of serum gastrin concentration. The group with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis gave the highest value, 7.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/L (p less than 0.01). There were no statistical differences between the healthy controls and groups with peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus or carcinomas, although some cancer patients had a marked increase in GRP-like immunoreactivity value.
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PMID:Plasma GRP-like immunoreactivity in healthy and diseased subjects. 340 99

Men who do not drink are frequently used as a baseline against which the effects of alcohol consumption are measured. The characteristics of such men have been examined in a large-scale prospective study of cardiovascular disease involving 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. Non-drinkers include lifelong teetotallers and ex-drinkers, both long-term and recent. Long-term ex-drinkers have many characteristics likely to increase their morbidity and mortality; recent ex-drinkers have similar characteristics but to a less marked degree. Ex-drinkers are older than the other groups and include an increased proportion of unmarried men and men in manual occupations. They have the same high percentage of current cigarette smokers as moderate/heavy drinkers and a prevalence of hypertension and obesity similar to moderate/heavy drinkers and higher than lifelong teetotallers or occasional/light drinkers. Ex-drinkers have the highest percentage of men with multiple doctor-diagnosed disorders. In particular, they have the highest prevalence rates of angina and possible myocardial infarction on standardized questionnaire, of myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram and of recall of a doctor-diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. They also have high prevalence rates of recall of high blood pressure, peptic ulcer, diabetes, gall bladder disease and bronchitis. They have the highest rates for regular medical treatment and the highest proportion of men who consider their health to be poor. It is abundantly clear that the general category of non-drinkers, which includes a large proportion of ex-drinkers, should not be used as a baseline against which to measure the effects of alcohol consumption. Overall, it would appear that the occasional/light drinking category (less than 15 drinks/week) provides a large and satisfactory baseline group for comparative purposes in the study of cardiovascular and other organic disorders.
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PMID:Men who do not drink: a report from the British Regional Heart Study. 340 25

The relation between body mass index and prevalence of 17 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 72,284 individuals aged 15 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of place of residence and of household in order to be representative of the whole Italian population. The prevalence of diabetes was directly and strongly related to body weight (age-adjusted relative risk estimates being 1.5 for overweight and 2.7 for obese men compared with normal weight individuals; 1.6 and 2.4 for overweight and obese women). Other conditions directly related to self-reported measures of body weight were hypertension (relative risk = 1.7 for obese men and 1.9 for women), myocardial infarction (relative risk = 1.5 for obese men, 1.6 for women), other heart diseases (relative risk = 1.7 for obese men, 1.5 for women), haemorrhoids or varices (relative risk = 1.2 for obese men, 1.5 for women), cholelithiasis (relative risk = 1.2 for obese men, 1.4 for women), urolithiasis and arthritis. Chronic respiratory disorders showed a U-shaped relation to measures of body weight, since their prevalence was elevated in both under- and over-weight individuals. Anaemias and gastroduodenal ulcer showed an inverse relation to body weight, whereas no association was apparent with allergy, liver cirrhosis, and psychiatric or neurological disorders. Allowance for the two major identified covariates (education and smoking) failed to explain the observed variations between measures of body weight and disease, while separate inspection of various strata of age indicated that for most diseases the elevated risks of obesity were higher in younger and decrease steadily with advancing age. Thus, the results of this national survey indicate that overweight has a widespread and substantial impact not only on mortality but also on morbidity from different chronic conditions.
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PMID:Body weight and the prevalence of chronic diseases. 341 82

One hundred consecutive patients, 74 women and 26 men, aged between 18 and 83 years (mean = 54.8 years), referred with complaints related to oral galvanism were investigated and treated and the treatment results were evaluated after 2-3 years. Forty of the patients reported facial pain, pain from the teeth, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and masticatory muscles and TMJ clicking and locking and 26 reported headache. Smarting in the oral mucosa, smarting of the tongue and xerostomia were reported by 26, 21 and 24 patients, respectively, and 30 patients reported an unpleasant taste, a metallic taste or a battery taste. The same patient often reported several symptoms. The patients also reported various general symptoms, above all joint symptoms, pain in the back, neck and shoulders and general muscular pain but also tiredness, weakness, difficulty in concentrating, depression and insomnia. After clinical and radiological examination, salivary tests, determination of the maximum galvanic current at metallic contacts and screening for contact allergy to dental materials, various oral diagnoses could be established. Most of the patients exhibited functional disturbances of the masticatory system, periodontitis, smarting of the oral mucosa, xerostomia, pulpitis and pulpal necrosis and mucosal lesions. The medical illnesses the patients reported themselves to be suffering from or had been treated for included cardiovascular disorders, high and low blood pressure, asthma, rheumatic disorders, diabetes, pernicious anaemia, gastritis and peptic ulcer. Seventy-six patients took drugs regularly. In most cases there were several oral, dental and medical explanations for the symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Results obtained from patients referred for the investigation of complaints related to oral galvanism. 345 16

In a double-blind group comparative study, 36 adult, birch pollen-allergic outpatients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis, were treated with either oral prednisolone 7.5 mg daily for 3 weeks or an injection with 2 ml suspension of betamethasone dipropionate and betamethasone disodium phosphate (Diprospan) immediately prior to the birch pollen season. Both treatments were able to prevent an increase in symptoms from the nose and the eyes during the 3-week birch pollen season. There was no significant difference in symptom score or nasal peak flow between the two treatments. However, there was a significant suppression of adrenal gland function after oral prednisolone treatment in contrast to Diprospan treatment. Unless there are contraindications for treatment with depot steroid injections (children, pregnant women, patients suffering from peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, eye disease, herpes, hypertension or diabetes) it seems to be a reasonable alternative to oral prednisolone in hay fever patients.
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PMID:Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. oral prednisolone in hay fever patients. 359 39

The relation between education, prevalence of 17 chronic diseases or groups of diseases, and pattern of health care utilisation was evaluated from data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on 58 462 individuals aged 25 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of place of residence, and size of household, in order to be representative of the whole Italian population. Most of the diseases considered, including diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction and other heart disease, haemorrhoids or varices, chronic respiratory disease, anaemias, gastroduodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis, kidney and urological diseases, arthritis, and psychiatric and neurological disturbances, were consistently less prevalent among more educated individuals. The age and sex adjusted risk estimates for individuals educated in high school or university compared with those with only a primary school education or less ranged between 0.21 for liver cirrhosis and 0.80 for anaemias. The sole exception was allergy, which was more prevalent among the more educated individuals (relative risk = 1.42). General practitioner visits and hospital admissions were reported less frequently by the more educated individuals, but specialist consultations of potential preventive value were less frequent among the less well educated. The results were similar when occupation was utilised as an indicator of social class. Thus, the findings of this national survey provide confirmation and quantitative assessment of considerable differences in health and health service utilisation according to indicators of social class.
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PMID:Education, prevalence of disease, and frequency of health care utilisation. The 1983 Italian National Health Survey. 365 37

Japanese researchers have reported that recent mortality rates from diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, peptic ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver and suicide for middle-aged Japanese men have increased by comparison with those for other age groups. There has been some controversy over the etiology of this unusual trend, and in particular whether it is due primarily to recent undesirable socio-economic factors (period effects) or to factors specific to these cohorts born in the early Showa Era, around 1925 to 1940 (cohort effects). A possible source of this controversy lies in the methods which have been used to describe the trends; these are mostly descriptive and graphical. To elucidate which factors are responsible for these trends, we analysed the mortality data quantitatively applying an age-period-cohort model modified so that period effects remain constant within certain age groups but may vary from one age group to the next. Although the identifiability problem still occurs in the modified model, estimable curvature components of time effects may be used to examine these unusual trends. In fact, the peculiarity of the cohort born in the early Showa Era was clearly detected by the curvature components of cohort effects for these major diseases. These findings are consistent with the 'cohort hypothesis' for the recent peculiar trend in Japanese male mortality.
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PMID:Age, period and cohort analysis of trends in mortality from major diseases in Japan, 1955 to 1979: peculiarity of the cohort born in the early Showa Era. 368 23

Using questionnaire and physical screening examination data for a general population of 4,962 adults aged 18 to 61 years enrolled in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, we calculated the prevalence of 13 chronic illnesses and assessed disease impact. Low-income men had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia, chronic airway disease and hearing impairment than their high-income counterparts, low-income women a higher prevalence of congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hearing impairment and vision impairment. Of our sample, 30% had one chronic condition and 16% had two or more. Several significant pairs or "clusters" of chronic illnesses were found. With few exceptions (diabetes, hypertension), the use of physician care in the previous year for a specific condition tended to be low. Disease impact (worry, activity restriction) was widespread but mild. Persons with angina, congestive heart failure, mild chronic joint disorders and peptic ulcer disease reported a greater impact than persons with other illnesses.
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PMID:Chronic disease in a general adult population. Findings from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment. 378 41

Tests to measure the volume of gastric contents are necessary to determine the nature of a gastric emptying disorder. The conditions that can affect gastric emptying are as varied as peptic ulcer disease, achlorhydria, viral and bacterial infections of the stomach, diabetes, scleroderma, anorexia nervosa, and CNS lesions; some patients experience gastric emptying problems after surgery for peptic ulcer disease. The future of electrical pacing of the stomach and perhaps the gastrointestinal tract in general is very exciting, as is the future use of antiarrhythmic drugs.
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PMID:Gastric emptying disorders. Tests and treatments. 380 70

The association of diabetes mellitus with gastric bezoars is not well documented. Our endoscopic experience over a seven-year period (1979 to 1985) included 3247 esophagoduodenoscopies (EGDs). Bezoars were found in 14 patients (0.4%). The mean age of these 14 patients was 63 years (range, 27 to 84 years); there were eight men and six women. In 11 patients, there was a history and/or findings of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Two patients had prior surgery (Billroth II in one and vagotomy in another). Seven patients had diabetes mellitus; five had diabetes for over five years, and three of these five had diabetes for over ten years. Diabetes was newly diagnosed in one patient. Except for the newly diagnosed patient, the other diabetic patients had evidence of autonomic neuropathy. Two other patients (not included with the diabetic patients) had hyperglycemia only during stress. The three patients with bezoars but without PUD all had diabetes for many years (9, 17, and 19 years). In two control groups of 14 patients each who also underwent endoscopy, only one diabetic patient was discovered. We conclude that diabetes mellitus and associated gastropathy are major risk factors for bezoar formation, especially in the absence of PUD.
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PMID:Association of diabetes mellitus with gastric bezoar formation. 382 30


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