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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoporosis is a known complication of diabetes mellitus, suggesting a role for insulin in bone homeostasis. We studied insulin receptors and insulin action in the osteoblast-like rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8. These cells share many common features with the osteoblast, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors, PTH receptors, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin. Competition binding studies revealed high affinity insulin receptors, with an ED50 for insulin of 1 nM. The receptors were highly specific for insulin, with 60% inhibition of insulin binding by an antireceptor antibody, no competition by epidermal growth factor, and an ED50 of 300 nM for proinsulin. Steady state maximal insulin binding was obtained by 40 min at 37 C, and insulin degradation, as measured by trichloroacetic acid solubility, was 1%/h at 37 C. ROS cells readily internalized insulin, and under steady state binding conditions at 37 C, 56% of the cell-associated radioactivity consisted of intracellular material. Chloroquine (100 microM) inhibited intracellular processing of insulin, leading to a 300% increase in cell-associated insulin by 2 h (37 C). Photoaffinity labeling of the insulin receptor with the photosensitive analog of insulin, B2 (2-nitro-4-azidophenyl-acetyl)des-pheB1-insulin, followed by solubilization and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed specific bands of 125K and 430K mol wt under reducing and nonreducing conditions, respectively. Thus, the structure of insulin receptors in ROS cells appears comparable to that of insulin receptors of known target tissues. Insulin action was also examined. Insulin did not stimulate [2-3H]deoxyglucose uptake or [1-14C]leucine incorporation into protein. In contrast, physiological concentrations of insulin inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in nonconfluent cells. After exposure to insulin for 24 h, alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to basal by 39.5% and 50% with 5 and 50 ng/ml insulin, respectively. In conclusion, ROS cells bind insulin to specific receptors that are similar to insulin receptors on other target tissues; receptors internalize insulin, which is then processed through a chloroquine-sensitive pathway; insulin does not affect membrane substrate transport; and insulin does inhibit the activity of an enzyme that is important in bone metabolism. ROS cells represent a model for studying insulin effects on bone.
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PMID:Demonstration of insulin receptors and modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by insulin in rat osteoblastic cells. 353 Jul 24

Idiopathic hemochromatosis in young adults has been increasingly recognized over the last three decades. Younger patients with hemochromatosis frequently have presenting problems other than diabetes, cirrhosis, and hyperpigmentation. A young woman with idiopathic hemochromatosis is described. Arthritis and secondary amenorrhea developed at age 20, and liver biopsy showed hemochromatosis at age 29. Further work-up revealed that the amenorrhea was due to underproduction of pituitary gonadotropins. The patient was treated with phlebotomy. Estrogen and progesterone replacement was begun because of severe osteoporosis. Serum iron studies may be useful in young patients with unexplained amenorrhea and/or arthropathy.
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PMID:Idiopathic hemochromatosis presenting as amenorrhea and arthritis. 357 42

A 41-year-old woman was diagnosed as having Werner's syndrome associated with bladder cancer. The patient noticed sudden, total gross hematuria in September, 1985. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary tumor with a stalk that was accompanied by a daughter tumor and concealed the left ureteral orifice. The tumors were 25 X 20 X 10 mm and 15 X 10 X 5 mm. Double contrast cystograms, computed tomography and transurethral echo showed no invasion of muscle layer. Intravesical instillation of mitomycin (10 mg), cylocide (300 mg) and adriacin (30 mg) was carried out 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumor size was reduced, and then TUR was performed. High power section of the removed bladder tumor showed pathologically PNT, TCC, grade II, INF alpha, pTla, lyo and v(-). The patient had such clinical manifestations as short stature with low body weight, thin limbs and stocky trunk, senile face, early graying hair, highpitched voice, bilateral cataracts, osteoporosis, sclerodermia-like signs, flat feet, tendency toward diabetes mellitus and parental consanguinity. Hyaluronic acid was not detected in the urine. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the 30th report describing the association of malignancy with Werner's syndrome in Japan; besides, only one other case of bladder cancer in Werner's syndrome has been reported to date in the world.
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PMID:[A case of Werner's syndrome associated with bladder cancer]. 359 91

Ribs and vertebrae of 8 children and young adults aged from 17 months to 24 years with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, 4 with diabetes secondary to cystic fibrosis and 2 with diabetes secondary to thalassemia major, were analyzed for osteoporosis by a point-count morphometric method. The mean ratio of bone spicule to marrow space in cancellous bone of ribs of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus or with diabetes mellitus secondary to cystic fibrosis or thalassemia was 55% that of 10 control patients. The lengths of the zones of proliferating and mature cartilage cells in costal epiphyses of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus were also below normal. The ratio of bone spicule to marrow space of vertebrae of the diabetic patients was not significantly different from control values. The data confirm clinical reports that osteoporosis is a regular feature of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and suggest that the degree of bone matrix and mineral deficiency in such patients is greater than is usually considered.
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PMID:Osteoporosis in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus: morphometric and comparative studies. 382 40

We studied phosphorus and calcium metabolism in 50 adult insulin dependent and non insulin dependent diabetics arranged in 4 groups according to therapy and control of diabetes. We observed: a low level of blood magnesium in all diabetics a lower level of P T H, more pronounced with poorly controlled diabetes. a decrease of 1-25 (OH) 2 D levels without modification of the 25 (OH) D levels in badly controlled diabetics. This decrease may be related to the low level of PTH with a 1 alpha hydroxylation defect. These results are in favor of the hypothesis of a primary bone problem leading to the pre-senile and subclinical osteoporosis observed in diabetics. Hyperglycaemia rather than insulinopenia may be involved. Rigorous diabetes control significantly decreases all the observed differences, except the low magnesium level.
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PMID:[Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetics, well-controlled and poorly-controlled]. 384 Oct 78

The degree of diabetic osteopenia and serum vitamin D metabolite levels were measured in 14 type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 168 type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Based on six indices obtained by microdensitometry, we found the bone mass in 28.6% of type 1 and 26.2% of type 2 diabetic patients to be decreased and in 14.3% and 11.9%, respectively, the decrease was severe. Our method of analysis of bone mass has shown that diabetic osteopenia differs from typical osteoporosis in character. In addition, serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly decreased both in type 1 and in type 2 diabetes (p less than 0.01), but 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly decreased only in type 1 diabetes (p less than 0.01) compared to the controls, being lower than that in type 2 diabetes (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was similar to that of the controls, in both types of diabetes.
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PMID:Osteopenia and circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites in diabetes mellitus. 387 11

The Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control on September 24-25, 1984. Fundamental topics were identified prior to the workshop, and experts were invited to participate. Ten papers were written, discussed at the workshop, revised, and are herewith published. The beneficial effects of physical activity on health are becoming progressively more apparent. A reduced risk of coronary heart disease, desirable weight control, and the reduction of symptoms of anxiety and mild to moderate depression are established. Beneficial effects on hypertension, type II diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain psychiatric and psychologic conditions appear likely but require additional study. Although the importance of physical activity to health is becoming better established, several important gaps in our knowledge remain. Physical activity is a complex behavior that is difficult to measure, and the accuracy of most measurement instruments is not known. Knowledge of the patterns of physical activity within our society and the determinants of those patterns is limited. Information on the rates of mechanical, metabolic, and psychologic risks of physical activity is largely absent. In addition, there is a need to know more about the dose-response effects of physical activity, the differential effects on various subgroups of the population, the specific dimensions of activity which effect different aspects of health, and the efficacy of various intervention and promotional strategies. Each paper stands as an independent contribution to the literature. As a group, the authors of these papers have provided the public health and scientific communities with a succinct yet comprehensive summary of the status of knowledge plus specific recommendations for future research in the areas of physical activity, public health, and epidemiology.
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PMID:Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise: a summary. 392 Jul 10

Physical inactivity has been related to the occurrence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. The literature was reviewed to determine what is and what is not known about the efficacy and safety of physical activity in each of these conditions. Although there is a transient increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death during vigorous activity, there is mounting evidence that habitual vigorous activity is associated with an overall reduced risk of coronary heart disease. It is unlikely that this association merely reflects the "selection" that results from sick persons who tend to be less active. Several studies suggest that physical activity may be related to the prevention and control of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. However, additional research is needed to make explicit the risks and benefits of physical activity in each of these conditions. Finally, future efforts should determine the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of activity required to maximize the benefits and minimize the hazards of physical activity. The public health and clinical significance of these questions requires that they be examined in the most rigorous manner feasible.
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PMID:The disease-specific benefits and risks of physical activity and exercise. 392 Jul 16

In a group of 25 post menopausal women mean age 57.2 years, treatment with Estriol vagina cream (Ovestin cream from Organon-Holland) gives rise (but within normal limits) to cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol, the protective factor against M. I. A rise in glycohemoglobin (HbA1C) statisticaly significant was noted, as a sign of slight glucose intolerance, but in no case was there a diabetic pattern. Vaginal Estriol cream was able to prevent osteoporosis. After a few weeks of treatment urinary calcium/creatinine ratio decreased. In the light of our own findings, Ovestin being a weak estrogen does not induce endometrial proliferation or breakthrough bleeding and does not modify the blood biochemistry, and can be recommended for postmenopausal syndrome even in familial hyperlipidemia diabetes, and for prevention of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Benefits of vaginal estriol cream combined with clonidine HCL for menopausal syndrome treatment. 398 21

Midshaft femur fractures are not expected in the newborn, particularly with the currently increased cesarean section rate. Such injuries have occurred when the mother had uterine myomas or diabetes or when the fetus had intrauterine growth retardation or osteoporosis secondary to copper deficiency, but they can also occur in newborn infants with normal weights and healthy mothers.
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PMID:Fractured femur of the newborn at cesarean section. A case report. 399 71


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