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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the age-sex-specific data collected in the Framingham Heart Study 1948--1964 together with ophthalmic diagnoses made in the Framingham Eye Study in 1973--1975, the following variables were found to be associated with senile cataract: education, casual blood sugar, systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, serum phospholipid and hand strength; with senile macular degeneration: systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, left ventricular hypertrophy, hand strength and history of lung infection; with diabetic retinopathy: casual blood sugar, urine sugar and other specific elements of diabetes; with ocular hypertension: systemic blood pressure, height, casual blood sugar and pulse rate. No variables were identified as associated with open-angle glaucoma. The paper stresses the need for corroboration of these findings, which may be a mix of real and chance associations, and the need for additional analyses before any of these associations are considered evidence of factors related to risk of ophthalmic disease.
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PMID:The Framingham Eye Study. II. Association of ophthalmic pathology with single variables previously measured in the Framingham Heart Study. 14 82

A 27-year-old woman has been suffering from recurrent corneal edema without ocular hypertension since her early childhood. When the cornea is clear, visual acuity-with correction for high myopia-is 5/10 to 5/15 and Nieden I; when the cornea is swollen, it decrease to 5/50 and 1/10, respectively, and Nieden VII. Furthermore, there is an atypical pigment degeneration of the retina combined with deafness, a progressive ptosis since her 10th year of life, and a progressive dystrophy of the outer eye muscles, having developed in the past few years. In addition, the mentally normal developed patient presents a proportional dwarfism (no dysostosis) and a diabetes mellitus. This combination of symptoms is compared with the well known Bardet-Biedl syndrome and the De Grouchy syndrome and is found to constitute a new syndrome.
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PMID:[Recurrent corneal edema without ocular hypertension, pigment degeneration combined with deafness, progressive dystrophy of the outer eye-muscles in a patient with proportional dwarfism and diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. 30 14

A glaucoma-screening examination was performed on 119 full-blooded Zuni Indians and 286 control subjects who were aged 40 years or older. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of the Zuni Indians was significantly lower than that of the control group, adjusted for age and sex differences, in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. The control group demonstrated an increasing IOP with age, while the Zunis did not. The prevalence of ocular hypertension was significantly greater in the control group than in the Zunis. The majority of the Zuni subjects with ocular hypertension had diabetes mellitus. None of the Zuni Indians who were screened had primary open-angle glaucoma and none had a family history of glaucoma.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure and glaucoma in the Zuni indians. 71 12

Since Pincus and White's claim in 1933 that diabetes mellitus is an inherited disease, the precise mode of inheritance remains a matter of dispute. The reason for the controversy is that the geneticist is confronted with a number of impediments to genetic analysis. As pointed by Neel, "diabetes mellitus is in many respects a geneticists nightmare". The obstacles are : 1) a precise definition of diabetes is difficult to establish, 2) the frequency of the disease which is sex and age dependent is not well known, 3) the probability of genetic heterogeneity is great but whether early onset and late onset diabetes are different genetic diseases or the same one remains controversial, 4) the basic defect (s) is unknown, 5) environmental factors (e.g. nutritional status) influence the frequency of the disease. Despite these problems many studies have been devoted to the mode of inheritance of diabetes mellitus. Many authors favour an autosomal recessive mechanism. However, low penetrance (25 %) is necessary to support this mode of inheritance. Simple autosomal dominant mode of inheritance has also been suggested, but this pattern fits only few families. The majority of geneticists think, at the present time, that diabetes has a multifactorial mode of inhritance. The heritability which express the extent to which the phenotypes exhibited by parents are transmitted to their offspring is in the neighbourhood of 50%. Many arguments favour this mode of inheritance: 1) low penetrance is necessary to aistinct genetic diseases, and especially in chronic glaucoma, which also have a multifactorial mode of inheritance; in particular, one must note the association between glucose intolerance and ocular hypertension induced by dexamethasone, 3) the association between diabetes and antigen A of the ABO system and antigens HL-A8 and W 15 of the HL-A system.
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PMID:[Genetics of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. 78 46

An epidermiological study of patients with chronic simple glaucoma or ocular hypertension suggests that the diagnosis of glaucoma is associated with a positive family history, acute blood loss, and diabetes mellitus. There was no association with other vascular disease or with smoking. Ocular hypertension was related to smoking habits but not to family history. The relationship of these variables to ocular hypertension/glaucoma status is discussed.
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PMID:Chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. An epidemiological study. 113 46

The postoperative course of 141 eyes in 115 patients undergoing uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction was reviewed. Alpha-chymotrypsin as used in our institution did not increase the percentage of eyes developing significant postoperative ocular hypertension. Smaller amounts of enzyme and a shorter waiting period than have heretofore been advocated are adequate for clinically effective zonulysis and appear to be protective against "enzyme glaucoma." Indeed, we found that among non-diabetics, those receiving enzyme experienced a lower incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension than did those not receiving enzyme. The one factor in our series related to an increased percentage of postoperative hypertensive responses was diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Alpha-chymotrypsin glaucoma. 124 70

Out of a total of 2272 diurnal curves (DC) of intraocular pressure (IOP) obtained from 1178 patients 690 first curves of the right eye of all patients were analysed. For each DC there were 4-6 IOP readings taken between 8 am and 6.30 pm of the same day. The patients' diagnosis, age, sex, type of IOP lowering medication, diabetes, and the calendar month of the year were recorded. In 40% of cases the highest IOP was found at the earliest morning measurement with some 65% of peaks occurring before noon. The lowest IOP measurement showed no specific predilection for any particular time of the day. These findings were true for all diagnosis groups. The mean range of IOP fluctuation during the DC was 5.0 mm Hg in normals, 5.8 mm Hg in patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG), and 6.8 mm Hg in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT). Patients treated with timolol had a lower mean IOP fluctuation range than those on other types of IOP lowering treatment. No association was found between all other parameters examined and the diurnal IOP distribution.
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PMID:Diurnal intraocular pressure variations: an analysis of 690 diurnal curves. 135 29

In order to determine whether ocular hypertension and glaucoma may be a complication of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus, 30 asymptomatic diabetic patient volunteers were studied. A correlation was sought between reduced anterior chamber depth which is thought to predispose to the development of glaucoma, and two markers of autonomic dysfunction, loss of sinus arrhythmia and reduced diameter of dark adapted pupils. A significant correlation was found between reduced chamber depth and pupil diameter arrhythmia (r = 0.36, p = 0.025) and between chamber depth and pupil diameter (r = 0.45, p = 0.006). As expected, there was also a significant correlation between sinus arrhythmia and pupil diameter (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001). The correlation between pupil diameter and sinus arrhythmia, and between pupil diameter and chamber depth was preserved after the data were adjusted for age (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.35, p = 0.03, respectively), while that between sinus arrhythmia and chamber depth was lost (r = 0.23, NS). No association was found between intraocular pressure and either marker of autonomic dysfunction, but intraocular pressure was not abnormal (less than 22 mmHg) in any individual case. These data suggest that autonomic denervation of the eye in diabetes may be associated with alteration of anterior chamber depth.
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PMID:Autonomic neuropathy and the pathogenesis of glaucoma in diabetes mellitus. 253 7

The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) has recently been introduced as a clinical procedure. It has been thought by many to represent activity of the retinal ganglion cells, although this is still a matter of contention. The exciting prospect of a selective test of ganglion cell function led to the application of the PERG in a variety of ophthalmological conditions. In the course of these investigations the PERG was found to be diminished in cases of maculopathy, optic atrophy, optic neuritis, toxic optic neuropathy, neurotransmitter disorders, glaucoma and ocular hypertension and in retinal vascular disorders such as diabetes. It was also affected in some cases of amblyopia. This paper briefly describes the techniques used to record the PERG and reviews current literature pertaining to its clinical application.
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PMID:A review of the clinical applications of the pattern electroretinogram. 269 80

The association between diabetes mellitus and primary glaucomas is evaluated. Diabetes is specifically associated with narrow-angle categories of primary glaucoma: closed-angle glaucoma and narrow-angle patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in wide-angle glaucoma patients is not significantly different from normal age-matched control subjects. The association between diabetes and glaucoma is restricted to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance; the prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the primary glaucomas is equivalent to age-matched normal values. These conclusions are supported by 75-gram oral glucose tolerance testing, estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin, retrospective analysis of positive diabetic family history, and prospective follow-up examining progression of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes mellitus in patients with primary glaucoma.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in primary glaucomas. 275 Dec 36


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