Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver biopsies from 61 consecutive patients with morbid obesity (less than 60% overweight) and from 48 patients with alcoholic liver disease were examined for the presence of Mallory bodies. For the detection both routine haematoxylin and eosin stained sections and sections exposed to an immunohistochemical technique were employed. The latter uses an antiserum which recognizes antigenic determinants in Mallory bodies. Using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Mallory bodies were not detected in any of the biopsies from the obese patients, but found to be present in 63% of the patients with alcoholic liver disease. Using the immunohistochemical technique, Mallory bodies were found in the liver of 2 obese patients (3%) and in 36 patients with alcoholic liver disease (75%). None of the Mallory body positive obese patients showed signs of diabetes mellitus, cholestasis or hypocholesterolemia, but both patients admitted previous excessive alcohol consumption. It is concluded that the immunohistochemical detection of Mallory bodies is more sensitive than routine staining. Further, Mallory bodies are rare findings in livers of obese patients and may be related to excessive alcohol consumption.
 ...
PMID:Occurrence and significance of Mallory bodies in morbidly obese patients. An immunohistochemical study. 619 45

Literature on liver morphology in untreated obesity reveals varying prevalences of various pathological findings. The purpose of this literature study was to summarize and evaluate the published observations and to discuss discrepant findings. A complete search was aimed at utilizing bibliographic methods including a computerized survey. Forty-one original articles were included, comprising information on liver morphology in 1515 morbidly obese patients. Liver biopsy was considered normal in 12 per cent of the cases. The most frequent abnormality reported was fatty change, present in 80 per cent of the biopsies. Portal inflammation was also common (33 per cent). Fibrosis, mainly portal or periportal, was observed in 29 per cent. Cirrhosis, however, involved only 3 per cent. Study of relationships between the degree of liver change and certain possible pathogenetic factors (eg degree and duration of obesity, age, sex, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus) does not point towards a single causal factor. Co-influence of additional pathogenetic factors are likely in the development of liver changes in morbid obesity.
 ...
PMID:Liver morphology in morbid obesity: a literature study. 637 41

p-[(R)-3-[bis-[(R)-beta-hydroxyphenethyl]amino]butyl]benzamide (Ro 16-8714/000) is one of the most effective compounds, of a new series of calorigenic bis-phenethanolamine derivatives, which combine anti-obesity and antidiabetic qualities. Ro 16-8714 exhibited potent stimulation of oxygen consumption in normal rats and obese mice and rats. Calorigenesis appeared to be directly mediated by beta-adrenoceptors. Ro 16-8714 stimulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in vitro and increased BAT calorigenic capacity in obese rodents during prolonged treatment. Furthermore, the compound induced fat mobilization and oxidation in normal and obese rats. Subchronic treatment of obese mice revealed potent antidiabetic effects which were mainly due to stimulation of carbohydrate oxidation. Prolonged treatment of obese mice and rats resulted in inhibition of body weight gain and depression of body fat content while body protein was maintained. The compound may, therefore, offer a new approach to the treatment of morbid obesity and maturity-onset diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Phenethanolamine derivatives with calorigenic and antidiabetic qualities. 653 94

A report is presented on gastric bypass (n = 27) and gastroplasty (n = 2) in patients with morbid obesity. One patient died postoperatively (mortality 3.4%). Mean weight prior to operation was 129 kg (96 to 205 kg), i.e. 117% (63 to 253%) in excess of the ideal weight. During a follow-up period of 6 to 46 months, the mean loss of weight amounted to 38 kg (3 to 77 kg). 86% of the patients judged their condition as being very good to good. Diseases related to obesity were reduced to a remarkable degree: hypertension from 43 to 5%, hypertriglyceridaemia from 50 to 5% and diabetes mellitus from 52 to 13%. Two patients had to be reoperated on due to a peptic jejunal ulcer, five because of an incisional hernia. No patient suffered from diarrhoea, calculi of the biliary or urinary tract or electrolyte disorders. On the basis of these results gastric bypass would appear to be indicated for the treatment of obesity not amenable to conventional therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Indications and results of gastric bypass in the treatment of extreme obesity]. 674 Nov 46

The positive results of jejunoileal bypass are briefly reviewed: significant weight reduction, lowering of blood pressure, mitigation of diabetes, improved physical functions, amelioration of osteoarthritis and thrombophlebitis, and improved self-esteem and socialization. A major benefit of jejunoileal bypass is the marked and permanent plasma cholesterol and triglyceride reductions. At one year plasma cholesterol is reduced 42 percent, with plasma triglyceride lowered 35 percent. In a comparable series of gastric bypass patients one year after operation, the plasma triglyceride lowering was identical at 35 percent; however, the plasma cholesterol reduction was only 14 percent. Although we currently perform mostly gastric bypasses as the primary metabolic operation for morbid obesity, we believe the jejunoileal bypass should not be discarded from the armamentarium of the surgeon committed to the treatment of this malignant disease.
 ...
PMID:Positive results of jejunoileal bypass surgery: emphasis on lipids with comparison to gastric bypass. 730 24

Retroaortic crossing of the pedicled right internal thoracic artery for revascularization of the circumflex artery used in combination with a pedicled left internal thoracic artery anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery and its branches is an attractive technique to achieve an extensive arterial revascularization of the left ventricle. However, there is a suspicion that pulling the right internal thoracic artery through the transverse sinus could compromise its blood flow capacity and patency. Between January 1990 and July 1994 this technique was applied in 256 patients (202 men, 54 women; average age 62 years, range 31 to 80 years). Sixty-one patients had two-vessel disease and 195 had three-vessel disease. Seventeen patients were undergoing a reoperation. Twenty-two had a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less. Thirty had diabetes. Twenty-eight had morbid obesity. The right internal thoracic artery was directed to the circumflex artery (259 anastomoses) through the transverse sinus and the left internal thoracic artery was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery and its branches (375 anastomoses) in all patients. The 195 patients with three-vessel disease received additional coronary artery bypass grafts to the right coronary artery (93 saphenous vein grafts, 89 free inferior epigastric artery grafts, 12 pedicled right gastroepiploic artery grafts). In total, the 256 patients received 833 distal anastomoses (average 3.2, maximum 5 per patient) and 634 distal anastomoses were internal thoracic artery anastomoses (average 2.4, maximum 4 per patient). Three patients died early and eight had a nonfatal myocardial infarction. Seven patients needed postoperative intraaortic balloon pump support. Six patients underwent early reoperation because of excessive bleeding. Sternal dehiscence occurred in four patients. One of these four patients died of the complication 10 months after the operation. No patient was lost to follow-up (average 33 months). During follow-up, two sudden deaths and six noncardiac deaths occurred. Two patients had a nonfatal myocardial infarction and 12 had recurrence of angina. There were no late reoperations. One patient underwent a successful percutaneous balloon angioplasty of a native left anterior descending artery. Seventy-four patients, enrolled in prospective angiographic studies, underwent a postoperative recatheterization (average 13.2 months, range 6 to 58 months). Seventy-three of the 74 right internal thoracic artery grafts were patent. In comparison, 74 of 74 of the left internal thoracic artery grafts (106/107 anastomoses) were patent. Maximal stress thallium-201 scintigraphy results, obtained in 25 of those patients, did not reveal ischemia in the area of the circumflex artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Revascularization of the circumflex artery with the pedicled right internal thoracic artery: clinical functional and angiographic midterm results. 747 86

Several new developments promise to improve the lot of the morbidly obese. Perhaps the most important of these is the gradual recognition that morbid obesity is a serious illness that is not the result of immorality or gluttony but is, in most cases, a disabling genetically determined handicap. The second advance was the agreement at the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference, March 25-27, 1991 that medical therapies generally fail to control severe obesity and that surgery should be considered for those individuals who have a body mass index over 40 and, if the comorbidities of obesity, such as diabetes or sleep apnea, are present, to consider surgical intervention when the body mass index is greater than 35. The third development has been the improvement of bariatric surgery, ie, the surgery for morbid obesity, with better operations, better quality controls, and rigorous follow-up. This article reviews the newer concepts of morbid obesity as a disease, delineates the indications for surgery, describes the currently recommended operations, and presents the risks and benefits of these procedures.
 ...
PMID:The surgical treatment of morbid obesity. 758 66

The mouse obese gene product, expressed specifically in adipose tissue, regulates energy balance in mice. Mutation of the obese gene results in marked obesity and type II diabetes as part of a syndrome that resembles morbid obesity in humans. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of rat obese cDNA. Neither alterations of nucleotide sequence in the coding region nor changes of the gene structure were found in two rat strains with obesity, Zucker (fa/fa) and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty. The expression level of obese mRNA in adipose tissue of Zucker (fa/fa) rat was found to be about 4 times that in lean littermates, suggesting some mutation or abnormal expression of the receptor for the obese product in obese rats of this strain.
 ...
PMID:Cloning of rat obese cDNA and its expression in obese rats. 773 88

Morbid obesity and type II diabetes, common complications of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), are difficult to manage in the home setting. We assessed the effect of specialized group home placement on these complications in eight individuals with PWS, all of whom were obese and four of whom had type II diabetes. The group home provided diet restriction and control, a monitored exercise program, and a structured environment. Twelve months after admission, average weight loss in the eight individuals was 17.0 kg. Of the four with diabetes, all achieved euglycemia, and insulin and oral hypoglycemic doses were greatly reduced or discontinued. For individuals with PWS who are obese and have type II diabetes, placement in specialized group homes can be highly effective in controlling weight and diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Prader-Willi syndrome: effect of group home placement on obese patients with diabetes. 783 60

Severe obesity affects the health and quality of life of 4 million Americans. The major cost of treating severe obesity and its associated comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary insufficiency, cancer, and degenerative arthritis as well as the poor long-term results of medical, drug, and behavioral therapy has increased the numbers of patients being referred for surgical treatment. Gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty are the two procedures recommended for severely obese patients. These operations currently have low morbidity and mortality. Surgery should be considered adjuvant therapy and must be part of a multidisciplinary approach. The significant long-term weight control resulting from the surgical therapy is associated with improvement and, often, resolution of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:The role of gastric surgery in the multidisciplinary management of severe obesity. 787 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>