Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1969-1974 1000 unselected enucleated globes have been examined histopathologically. 277 derive from the University Eye Hospital in Hamburg, 723 from various Eye Hospitals in northern and southern Germany. They originate from 589 men and 408 women, three times the sex was unknown. 86 globes had to be removed from children less than 15 years old. 6 groups of etiologies have been distinguished: trauma (308), histologically confirmed neoplastic disease (281), ocular manifestations of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, occlusions of central retinal vessels presumably following generalized vascular disease etc.: 128), "operative ocular disease" (164), primary inflammatory disease (71), miscellaneous (malformations, high myopia, pseudo-glioma and pseudo-melanoma: 48). The etiology "operative ocular disease" consists of 67 primary glaucomas (57 adults, 10 buphthalmus), 41 idiopathic cataracts (7 of these congenital) and 3 primary corneal dystrophies, as well as 53 cases of primary retinal detachment. Among the 281 neoplastic diseases, there are 238 primary intraocular malignant melanomas of the uvea, 18 retinoblastomas, 4 primary reticulumcellsarcomas of the retina, 2 choroidal nevi, 10 intraocular metastases and 9 orbital tumors. 16 enucleations among the 1000 enucleations have been performed for pseudo-gliomas (5 x Coats disease, 5 x persistent primary hyperplastic vitreous, 2 x retrolental fibroplasia, others 4 x). The manifestations of systemic disease are consisting of 68 central retinal vein-occlusions, 30 complications of diabetes mellitus and 10 central retinal artery occlusions as well as 20 other generalized diseases. A primary inflammatory disease led to enucleation 50 times due to an intraocular process, 5 times due to scleritis and 18 times as a consequence of keratitis (including 13 times herpes simplex). As the final clinical cause for enucleation the following categories have been elaborated: secondary glaucomas (416), clinical diagnosis of "tumor" (275), atrophy and phthisis bulbi (118), inflammation (112), acute trauma to 4 weeks after the accident (72), others (7). In conclusion the central role of rubeosis iridis leading to secondary angle closure glaucoma is emphasized. This process presents a challenge to ophthalmologic research. Finally the significance of early surgery for primary angle closure glaucomas and for complete restoration of the anterior chamber after trauma and any intraocular procedure is stressed.
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PMID:[Etiology and final clinical cause for 1000 enucleations. (A clinico-pathologic study) (author's transl)]. 95 59

Sera from 17 patients with Type I diabetes and 19 healthy volunteers have been examined to evaluate whether the kinetics of the binding of drugs to Site II of serum albumin is altered in diabetes. Stopped-flow measurements showed that the association velocity and the affinity constants of the fluorescent marker dansylsarcosine were significantly lower in diabetes (160 s-1 and 2.0 x 10(5) l.mol-1) than in non-diabetics (196 s-1 and 4.0 x 10(5) l.mol-1). The dissociation velocity was not different [20.3 s-1 vs. 19.4 s-1]. Although patients with a reduced albumin concentration were excluded the diabetics had significantly lower concentrations than the healthy volunteers. There was a significant correlation between decreased glycosylation of albumin and increased association velocity. The dissociation velocity constants were correlated with the molar concentration ratio of free fatty acids/human serum albumin. Thus, the extent of glycosylation and the amount of fatty acids bound per mole albumin can both affect the kinetics of drug binding to Site II. The lower affinity in patients with Type I diabetes is due to the increased in the glycoalbumin concentration.
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PMID:Drug-protein binding kinetics in patients with type I diabetes. 138 Apr 61

The urinary excretion of chromium, copper and manganese was determined in 185 diabetics and in an equal number of control subjects by measuring the concentration of each of these metals using electrothermal atomic spectrophotometry and dividing the values by the urinary concentration of creatinine (creat) in each subject. The mean (SEM) values for the overall diabetics and the control group were 2.32 (0.17) and 2.62 (0.22) mumol Cr/mole of creat, 76.5 (5.5) and 73.9 (6.1) mumol Cu/mole of creat, and 3.56 (0.44) and 2.66 (0.3) mumol Mn/mole of creat, respectively. There was no correlation between the urinary excretion of any of the metals examined and age or sex of either group. While the cardiovascular or ophthalmologic diseases associated with diabetes did not influence the excretion of any of these metals, significantly higher urinary excretion of Cu was exhibited by diabetics with neuropathy (p < 0.0027) or infections (p < 0.014) than by those without. Also, diabetics with liver disorders or those who were not treated with insulin excreted significantly more Mn than did their diabetic counterparts.
Diabetes Res 1991 Nov
PMID:Urinary excretion of chromium, copper, and manganese in diabetes mellitus and associated disorders. 184 23

A patient is reported who developed dysplastic naevi at an early age. He also suffered from a syndrome including Wilms' tumour, aniridia, mental retardation and diabetes mellitus in association with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11. It is suggested that genetic factors may be important in sporadic as well as familial cases of the dysplastic naevus syndrome.
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PMID:Dysplastic naevi in association with partial deletion of chromosome 11. 231 Dec 80

Calmodulin is a substrate for insulin-receptor kinase obtained from rat adipocytes and hepatocytes and human placenta. In this study, we demonstrate that insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of calmodulin via insulin receptors partially purified from rat skeletal muscle. Phosphorylation of calmodulin was maximal in the presence of Mg2+ and insulin and the absence of Ca2+. Free-Ca2+ concentrations greater than 0.1 microM progressively inhibited phosphorylation with almost total inhibition at 200 microM Ca2+. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of calmodulin was dose dependent and saturable with half-maximal effect obtained at approximately 5 x 10(-10) M insulin. There was an absolute requirement for certain basic proteins, e.g., polylysine or protamine sulfate, to obtain phosphate incorporation into calmodulin. Polylysine stimulated the phosphorylation of calmodulin independently of insulin, but this was increased up to sixfold by the addition of insulin. Phosphate incorporation into calmodulin increased with increasing concentration of the substrate up to a saturating concentration of 2.4 microM. The Km for calmodulin was approximately 0.2 microM. Up to 0.15 mol of phosphate was incorporated per mole of calmodulin with tyrosine the predominant amino acid phosphorylated. The observations that calmodulin is phosphorylated by insulin-receptor kinase from all three classic target organs for insulin confirm that calmodulin is a general substrate for this kinase and suggest that Ca2+ and calmodulin may be components of the insulin-signaling mechanism.
Diabetes 1989 Jan
PMID:Calmodulin as substrate for insulin-receptor kinase. Phosphorylation by receptors from rat skeletal muscle. 253 26

To overcome the difficulties encountered in quantifying the insulin receptor number by Scatchard analysis, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the human insulin receptor (hIR) has been developed that uses an antibody raised against a synthetic peptide (Gly-Lys-Lys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Ile-Leu-Thr-Leu-Pro-Arg-Ser-Asn-Pro-Ser) corresponding to the carboxyl terminal of the hIR. A second peptide (Tyr-Gly-Arg-Ile-Leu-Thr-Leu-Pro-Arg-Ser-Asn-Pro-Ser) was used as a standard and allowed preparation of monoiodinated derivative of theoretical specific activity for use as the radioactive ligand. The assay is specific, highly reproducible, and sensitive, with a detection limit of 10 fmol of receptor. One mole of purified receptor, measured by Scatchard analysis or amino acid analysis, is read as one mole of receptor in the RIA with peptide being the standard. The assay is effective with receptor from multiple sources and could determine the decrease in number of insulin receptors seen in IM-9 lymphocytes after treatment with insulin (downregulation).
Diabetes 1989 Aug
PMID:Peptide-based radioimmunoassay for insulin receptor. Detection of insulin-stimulated downregulation in IM-9 lymphocytes. 266 3

The cutaneous microvasculature is organized into upper and lower horizontal plexuses with the dermal capillary loops arising from the upper plexus. The arteriolar and venular sides of the microvasculature can be identified by the ultrastructure of the mural basement membrane material. Collecting venules present in the lower dermis contain valves. Periadventitial cells (veil cells) are present around all microvessels. Their size and number appear to correlate with the quantity of mural basement membrane material found in cutaneous vessels in diabetes, actinic damage, and chronological aging. The contractile cells of the vascular wall surround the endothelial cell tube in a manner suggesting specific functions. The smooth muscle cells in the arteriolar segment form a sleeve, whereas each pericyte in the postcapillary venular simultaneously makes many contacts with several underlying endothelial cells. The common telangiectases can be explained by abnormalities in this organization and ultrastructure rather than by neovascularization or random anastomoses. The macular telangiectases seen in scleroderma, generalized essential telangiectasia, and nevus flammeus are produced by dilatation of the postcapillary venules of the upper horizontal plexus. Cherry angiomas are produced by spherical and tubular dilatations of capillary loops in dermal papillae with tortuous cross-connections between individual loops. Angiokeratomas of Fabry and Fordyce have the ultrastructure of collecting venules that contain valves, and appear to represent the ectopic development or placement of small valve-containing collecting veins. The cutaneous lesions of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia represent arteriovenous communications.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and organization of the cutaneous microvasculature in normal and pathologic states. 266 19

The kinetics of hydrolysis of ATP were determined for the renal Na,K-ATPase, in the K+ conformation, modified with glucose-6-phosphate. There was a shift in the ATP hydrolysis kinetics from negative kinetic co-operativity for the control enzyme preparations to substrate inhibition kinetics for the modified enzyme preparations. The effect was reversible and stabilized after NaBH4 reduction. Approximately 4 moles of glucose-6-phosphate were incorporated per mole of Na,K-ATPase (based on MW of 150,000 daltons). Similar substrate inhibition kinetics were observed for the renal Na,K-ATPase isolated from several human subjects with mature onset diabetes.
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PMID:Glucose-6-phosphate modification of bovine renal Na,K-ATPase: a model for changes occurring in the human renal medulla in diabetes. 299 41

The effects of long-term diabetes with and without insulin treatment on in vivo myocardial contractile activity were studied under basal conditions and as a function of intravenously infused norepinephrine. Diabetes was induced by iv injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Insulin-treated diabetic rats received 5 units per day of isophane insulin suspension. The duration of the study was 8 weeks. In vivo myocardial contractility measurements were performed in ketamine-xylazine-anesthetized rats using a miniature catheter-tip pressure transducer advanced through the right carotid artery into the left ventricle. Peak positive dP/dt and intraventricular developed pressure were comparable among the groups when measured under basal conditions; however, the magnitude of the response to variable doses of norepinephrine (6 X 10(-12) to 6 X 10(-8) mole/kg body wt) were significantly diminished in diabetic rats, but the sensitivity was unchanged. Negative dP/dt was decreased under basal conditions and in response to norepinephrine in diabetic rats. Insulin treatment to diabetic rats prevented these changes, but heart rate was elevated. These results demonstrate that the in vivo cardiovascular reactivity of diabetic rats to norepinephrine is significantly attenuated.
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PMID:Impaired in vivo myocardial reactivity to norepinephrine in diabetic rats. 376 95

This chorionic gonadotropin test is based on the immunological test for pregnancy: that is the latex agglutination test. The quantity of the hormone is determined by the formula Q X D X S, where Q equals the quantity of the hormone over 24 hours (Diuresis), D equals the distribution of level of concentration, and S equals the level of sensitivity to the test. This test is practical for application in normal pregnancy to determine natal development, the functional condition of the placenta, and the term of pregnancy; in pathological pregnancy with nephropathy, Rh sensitization, diabetes, or any other condition which would cause an abnormally high QDS; and in the case of trophoblastic complications, hydatic mole, chorionepithelioma, and other hormonally active disturbances.
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PMID:[Chorionic gonadotropin test]. 444 Aug 54


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