Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the period 1973/74-1983 a prospective observation was carried out on 4591 out-patients (2095 males and 2496 females) aged 18-68, with predominantly non-insulin treated diabetes of 1-10 years' duration. During the ten years period over a third of initial cohort died. Age-standardized mortality rate was twice that for the general population of Warsaw for the median year 1978. The risk of death rose with decreasing age, especially in females. The most frequent causes of death were cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease, standardized mortality ratios amounting to 2.7 and 2.4 respectively. Among diabetic cohort the risk of death was also higher for nephritis, nephrosis, cirrhosis of the liver and pneumonia. No excess death rate could be found for tuberculosis, malignant neoplasms, and diabetes itself. Diabetic patients were less frequently exposed to accidental deaths than the general population of Warsaw. The mortality diabetic patients in Warsaw was similar to that seen in most of the developed countries with the exception of the higher mortality due to cirrhosis of the liver and smaller due to accident, trauma and poisoning.
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PMID:[Mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus in Warsaw--a 10-year prospective study]. 262 53

Reduction of renal mass (11/12) in rats leads to progressive azotemia, proteinuria, and hypertension. Less extensive renal ablation resulting from uninephrectomy also accelerates the progression of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) induced by experimental diabetes, renal irradiation, aminonucleoside nephrosis, or aging. The consequence of the absence of one kidney in man are examined in three different clinical situations. Unilateral renal agenesis seems to predispose to the development of FGS, but most reports include isolated cases and the true incidence of FGS is not known. The solitary kidney following uninephrectomy for acquired unilateral disease undergoes a compensatory rise in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that remains stable for several decades. Finally, kidney donors followed for over 2 decades show unimpaired GFR, elevated at 70% to 80% of the normal (two-kidney) GFR. Some donors develop mild, nonprogressive proteinuria. Their incidence of hypertension matches that in the control population. Thus, hyperfiltration secondary to 50% reduction of renal mass in humans does not lead to loss of function of the remaining parenchyma.
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PMID:The solitary kidney: a model of chronic hyperfiltration in humans. 277 30

Careful ultrastructural studies of the rat model of nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside have demonstrated morphological features which are only seen in proteinuric glomeruli fixed without interruption of the blood pressure. These consist of balloon-like swellings bounded by attenuated epithelial cell cytoplasm, with an area of bare basement membrane at the base. A theory of the mechanism of proteinuria was proposed on the basis of these findings. To test the proposed wide validity of that theory, we improved the method of surface fixation and performed similar studies in sequential manner, using chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis in the rat as a model of proteinuria. Glomeruli were studied by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The findings were correlated with the level of proteinuria in the 24 h preceding death and with the duration of serum sickness. Epithelial cell 'balloons' are also demonstrated in this model, correlating with the presence of proteinuria, but with slightly different configurations from those seen in puromycin nephrosis. Surface fixation revealed similar balloons in two other models of proteinuria: a graft versus host induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus in the mouse, and chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat. A lengthy search failed to find bare basement membranes in any of these models of proteinuria. We conclude, therefore, that the mechanism of proteinuria proposed in puromycin nephrosis does not apply in these models, and we suggest an alternative mechanism by which the 'balloons' may develop, as a further manifestation of the epithelial cell dysfunction which causes foot process effacement.
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PMID:A morphological study of experimental proteinuria using a novel form of surface fixation. 264 11

This paper describes the results of experiments designed to investigate the role of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of rat experimental glomerulonephritis. Generation of oxygen radicals was induced by phorbol ester in rats with Masugi nephritis, aminonucleoside nephrosis and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Marked formation of fibrin thrombi was observed in the glomerular capillaries during the heterologous phase of Masugi nephritis, but not during the autologous phase. Induction of fibrin thrombi was also seen in nephrotic rats which had received the aminonucleoside, puromycin, but not in diabetic rats. These results suggest that in Masugi nephritis, oxygen radicals may be related to the formation of fibrin thrombi. Neutrophils seem to be of importance in the pathogenesis of such lesions.
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PMID:Generation of oxygen radicals and formation of fibrin thrombi in glomerular capillaries of rats with nephrotoxic nephritis. 273 16

A spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes in a highly inbred line of rats called eSS has been described. It is characterized by early impaired glucose tolerance worsening with age. Males are far more severely affected than females. These animals also exhibit hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. In spite of their hyperglycemia, eSS males have an excess of circulating plasma insulin compared with alpha controls. Eight-month-old eSS males were sensitive to exogenous insulin. Moreover, as the plasma insulin values decrease with age, glucose tolerance is further impaired. An improvement in the metabolic disturbances was registered in diabetic eSS males under long-term food deprivation. Histopathological examination of the pancreas revealed marked changes compared with age-matched controls. The pancreatic islet structure looked disrupted and islets became smaller and more scattered with advancing age. A diffuse glomerulosclerosis, interstitial lymphocyte infiltrates and tubular nephrosis were present in kidneys.
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PMID:Spontaneous diabetes in eSS rats. 307 14

Glycogen nephrosis, i.e. the Armanni-Ebstein lesion which manifests itself by intracellular accumulation of beta-glycogen has been studied in two groups of streptozotocin diabetic rats and compared to controls. One diabetic group was left untreated and the other diabetic group received pancreatic islet transplantation after 4 weeks duration of diabetes. The kidneys were studied after another 4 week period with normoglycemia. In the non-transplanted diabetic animals glycogen containing tubules comprised 43% of the distal tubule length in the cortex but in the transplanted animals no abnormal, glycogen containing cells could be recovered at the light microscope level. Measurements of the total distal tubule length in the non-transplanted diabetic animals showed that the distal tubules increased in length by 24%. In the transplanted diabetic animals distal tubule length remained the same as in the non-transplanted diabetic animals in spite of normalization of the tubular morphology. This finding could possibly be responsible for the incomplete normalization of kidney weight after treatment.
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PMID:Regression of glycogen nephrosis in experimental diabetes after pancreatic islet transplantation. 313 43

Fixed anionic charges in the mammalian glomerulus, on both the basement membrane and the epithelial cell foot processes, are believed to form an important part of the glomerular filtration barrier. There is good evidence that their loss causes proteinuria. The charges can be visualized ultrastructurally using cationic dyes, but the requirement of these techniques for perfusion or immersion of fresh tissue has largely confined such studies to experimental models. We have extended the widely used polyethyleneimine technique, to study the charge of glomerular basement membranes in human tissue reprocessed out of paraffin blocks up to 10 years old. We studied selected cases of glomerular disease, where the diagnosis was not in any doubt. In the majority of diseases studied, a continuous charge layer persisted despite severe abnormalities of the basement membrane. Two exceptions were found. In amyloidosis, accumulation of fibrils was associated with a considerable decrease or loss of stainable basement membrane charge. In S.L.E., numerous small defects in the charge layer were noted. The persistence of charge is contrary to reported findings in several animal models of glomerular disease, including puromycin nephrosis, Heymann nephritis and streptozotocin diabetes. Although this method is not subject to precise quantitative analysis, we conclude that in the majority of cases, proteinuria in man is not caused by an extensive loss of glomerular basement membrane anionic charge.
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PMID:Basement membrane charge in human glomerular disease. 380 84

Information on whether a woman had ever had any children was recorded for all deaths registered to ever-married women in England and Wales between 1938 and 1960. Analysis of the relation between parity and cause of death for 1.2 million women aged 45-74 years revealed that parous women had lower mortality from breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer than did nulliparous women but a higher mortality from diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, cancer of the uterine cervix, nephritis and nephrosis, hypertension, ischaemic and degenerative heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and all causes of death. There is a parallel between the long term effects of pregnancy and of oral contraceptives on health.
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PMID:Long term effects of childbearing on health. 408 66

We describe a case of a 47-year-old man with retroperitoneal poorly differentiated myxoid liposarcoma. The retroperitoneal invasion of the sarcoma caused hydroureter-nephrosis, rectal stenosis and also exaggerated steroid induced diabetes mellitus. A remarkable regression was achieved by systemic combination of chemotherapy with prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate and actinomycin D. This combination chemotherapy is worth trying if a patient has inoperable liposarcoma. It can also be used to reduce local recurrence rate after surgical or radiation therapy, or both, against liposarcoma.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy in retroperitoneal poorly differentiated myxoid liposarcoma: a report of a case. 684 11

We determined antibody titers to Endostreptosin (ESS), a recently described protein antigen in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of Group A streptococci in 286 normals of different age groups and in 34 children and 19 adults who had or had had at one time a nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic nephrosis. Antistreptolysin O titers were also determined in 33 of the idiopathic nephrotics. Similarly, antibody titers to Streptozyme were determined in 21 patients with idiopathic nephrosis and 61 normals with a similar age distribution. Severe depression of these antibody titers was found in almost all patients with this disease not only during the presence of a nephrotic syndrome but for long periods up to 20 years following an episode of a nephrotic syndrome when the patients were in complete remission. Patients with a nephrotic syndrome due to chronic glomerulonephritis (5), S.L.E. (4), membranous nephropathy (5), diabetes mellitus (1) or amyloidosis (1) did not show abnormally low values for antibodies to Endostreptosin, Streptolysin O or Streptozyme. High-dose steroid medication as such for prolonged periods of time does not depress Endostreptosin or Streptolysin O antibody titers below the expected mean, as demonstrated in 15 patients with S.L.E.
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PMID:Depression of endostreptosin, streptolysin O and streptozyme antibodies in patients with idiopathic nephrosis with and without a nephrotic syndrome. 724 25


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