Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extensive evaluation of a small series of potential renal donors has revealed an alarming rate of previously unsuspected disease precluding acceptability for renal donation. Of 19 patients considered for donation at the Medical University of South Carolina, 15 were unsuitable for medical reasons (diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, sickle cell trait, hypertension, polycystic kidneys, duodenal ulcer, pulmonary disease), psychologic reasons, or changes on renal arteriography consistent with nephrosclerosis. The importance of a thorough donor evaluation including total patient awareness of the risks involved for both himself and the recipient and extensive psychologic testing is stressed. Even with strict criteria for renal donation, this high rejection rate is surprising.
 ...
PMID:Frustrations in renal donation. 36 Apr 3

The controversy surrounding low-renin hypertension ranges from the concept that it carries a favorable prognosis to the therory that it a form of nephrosclerosis. At least a part of the debate may result from the use of different methods of classifying patients with this condition. The study presented here clearly shows that age and sex have an important influence on plasma renin activity. Women had lower values than age-matched men, and studies in normal volunteers showed that plasma renin activity decreases with age. Other factors also affect renin profiling. Diabetes is associated with renin suppression, and blacks have lower values of plasma renin activity than whites. In addition, use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin significantly lowers renin levels. Since some of these variables have not been considered in published studies to date, it would seem that the true incidence of low-renin hypertension among hypertensives is lower than the accepted figure of 25%.
 ...
PMID:Is low-renin hypertension an overdiagnosed syndrome? 62 53

In Europe, about 1% of the women using oral contraceptives develop hypertension. Predisposing factors seem to be age, hypertension problems in past pregnancies, family history of hypertension, personal histories of kidney disorders, diabetes mellitus or adipositas, or diastolic pressure over 80 mm Hg. An overactive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be an important factor in the etiology of this type of hypertension. Oterh possible factors are: reduced excretion of angiotensin 2, increased sensitivity of the arterioles to substances such as angiotensin 2 and noradrenaline, direct effect of ethinyl estradiol and mestranol on the sodium and water system, cardiovascular changes, disorders in the adrenergic system (e.g., catecholamine metabolism). Blood pressure should be checked before beginning any treatment with oral contraceptives and every 3 months after that. For the purpose of differential diagnosis angiotensin 2 in the plasma and catecholanin and its by-products should be checked (24-hour urine samples). In cases of serious hypertension hormone therapy should be discontinued at once. Primary aldosteronism and renal artery stenosis must be excluded in the differential diagnosis, for although these hypertensive disorders exhibit similar biochemical changes, they should be treated by surgical intervention. Usually hypertension is reversible after cessation of therapy with contraceptive steroids. However, some cases of irreversible hypertention, kidney failure, and malignant nephrosclerosis have been described. Hypertensive somen who wish to use oral contraceptives may, under medical supervision try a modified hormonal contraceptive (minipill without estrogen) or sequential or lower dosages.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical aspects of hypertension under contraceptive steroids]. 79 66

In order to investigate the combined effects of diabetes and hypertension on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, adult male and female SHR rats which develop hypertension spontaneously were given a single, 10 mg or 15 mg/100 g body wt. injection of alloxan s.c. to induce moderate or severe diabetes. Insulin was deliberately withheld. Animals were examined by autopsy daily for 7 days post-alloxan and after 4 and 8 weeks. Mortality was high--only 52% of the males survived as against 80% of the females. Most deaths occurred on Day 5 and were associated with adrenal haemorrhage and hyperplasia, thymus galnd involution, fatty liver and marked hypotension despite elevated aldosterone levels. During the first week, corticosterone levels increased significantly in the male; in females they showed little change. After 4 weeks, the severly diabetic animals became emaciated and moribund; corticosterone and aldosterone levels fell to very low levels despite adrenal hyperplasia. The beta cells of the moderately diabetic animals eventually lost their ability to secrete insulin and these animals too became cachetic and moribund with concomitant elevation of lipid, glucose and BUN levels, as well as myocardial infarction, fatty liver, and generalized hyalin arteriolo-, arterio-, and nephrosclerosis. It is suggested that the combined hormonal and metabolic alterations of diabetes and hypertension reinforced one another in these spontaneously hypertensive rats, leading to intense stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, the exacerbation of those cardiovascular degenerative changes known to be associated with uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension, eventual impaired adrenocortical steroidogenesis, hypotension and death.
 ...
PMID:Alloxan diabetes in spontaneously hypertensive rats: gravimetric, metabolic and histopathological alterations. 86 Nov 67

A total of 291 urine sediments from 255 patients with various renal or urinary tract diseases have been studied by phase contrast microscopy. Based upon morphological criteria, leucocytes were distinguished from renal epithelial cells and the white blood cells were classified either as mononuclear or polynuclear in 179 patients. The percentage of the different cell types varied considerably between and within the different diseases. The median values for polynuclear granulocytes were higher than 90% in bacterial renal or urinary tract disease and in polycystic kidney disease. In interstitial nephritis, nephrosclerosis and in renal transplanted patients the percentage of polynuclear granulocytes was somewhat lower, 76-85%. In diabetes, amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis (necrosis) glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and endemic benign nephropathy there were 14-66% polynuclear granulocytes. 29-33% mononuclear leucocytes were found in lupus nephritis and endemic benign nephropathy. The greatest proportion of renal epithelial cells was found in endemic benign nephropathy, namely 49%. 36% renal epithelial cells were found in tubular nephrosis (necrosis) and in glomerulonephritis. The technique is rapid and inexpensive. It facilitates differential diagnostics of urinary tract disease with pyuria.
 ...
PMID:Differential count of urinary leucocytes and renal epithelial cells by phase contrast microscopy. 110 1

The impact of several demographic and blood biochemistry factors on the pharmacokinetics of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine were studied in 187 patients with uremia. All patients underwent a pharmacokinetic evaluation including a 3 mg/kg intravenous dose of cyclosporine and a 14 mg/kg oral dose of cyclosporine. Cyclosporine was analyzed by specific monoclonal radioimmunoassay on whole blood samples. Statistical analysis included univariate analyses and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Major findings were as follows: The bioavailability (F) of cyclosporine was significantly lower in black patients than in white patients (mean values of 30.9% +/- 12.3% and 39.5% +/- 16.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). This difference was noted both before transplant and at 1 week after kidney transplantation, at which time the corresponding mean values were 28.6% +/- 15.5% and 36.1% +/- 15.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). Other factors that correlated with F were serum triglyceride (positively) and blood hemoglobin concentrations (inversely). Patients with diabetes displayed a longer mean absorption time than other patients and a larger volume of distribution of cyclosporine at steady state (VSS). Other factors that correlated with VSS were serum albumin concentration and patient height. Cyclosporine clearance (CL) decreased with patient age and also with increasing concentrations of serum triglycerides and blood hemoglobin. It was lower in patients with the pretransplant diagnosis of nephrosclerosis than in patients with other diseases. Several pharmacokinetic parameters correlated with the level of substances that can potentially bind cyclosporine in the blood. Serum triglycerides correlated with maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, F, and CL. Blood hemoglobin concentration and blood hematocrit correlated with F, CL, and intravenous mean residence time. Although several relationships were observed between demographic factors and cyclosporine pharmacokinetics, the racial difference in F is of great clinical significance and may contribute to the poorer outcome observed after kidney transplantation in black patients.
 ...
PMID:Demographic factors influencing cyclosporine pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with uremia: racial differences in bioavailability. 133 Mar 97

Four patients of pure gouty nephropathy are presented. Gout was of over five years duration and asymptomatic nephropathy manifested as non-oliguric acute renal failure. Diseases commonly associated with it like uric acid stones, urinary tract infections, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemid, obesity and nephrosclerosis were absent. Reduction in serum uric acid level resulted in prompt improvement in renal functions. Early detection and control of hyperuricemia may help in restoration of renal functions.
 ...
PMID:Non-oliguric acute renal failure in gout. 139 13

There is an excess incidence of ESRD treatment among non-White North Americans that is not completely explained by the racial prevalences of the underlying diseases, including hypertension, which can potentially cause renal disease. The racial difference is particularly striking for presumed nephrosclerosis from hypertension and for nephropathy from Type II diabetes, but is not yet substantiated for ESRD attributed to polycystic kidney disease or Type I diabetes. The existing data are insufficient to support the notion that poorer blood pressure control alone is responsible for the racial differences in incident ESRD. Black race (and possibly Mexican or Native American heritage) may be a specific risk factor for ESRD, independent of hypertension and its treatment.
 ...
PMID:Racial differences in the incidence and progression of renal diseases. 176 85

Patients accepted to chronic hemodialysis have changed. We analyzed these changes and survival, cause of death and other factors during 23 years at the Karolinska Hospital. Between 1965 and 1987, 274 patients were accepted: 60 are alive on dialysis, 75 died, 113 were transplanted, 25 sent to other units and one recovered renal function. The mean age increased from 44 to 55 years (p=0.001), the creatinine level at acceptance decreased from 1191 to 965 mumol/l (p = 0.001), the hemoglobin level rose from 70 to 85 g/l (p = 0.001) and the diastolic blood pressure decreased from 96 to 90 mmHg (p = 0.007). The number of co-morbid conditions increased from 1.2 to 1.4 (p less than 0.005). The diagnoses changed from over 90% primary renal disease to 20% systemic diseases such as nephrosclerosis and diabetes (p = 0.04). The chance of receiving a renal transplant decreased from 46 to 39% (p = 0.28). The transplanted patients were younger than the dialyzed patients 42 vs 47 years (p = 0.03) before 1980 and 49 vs. 56 years (p = 0.0001) after 1980. The cause of death changed. Withdrawal from dialysis increased from 5% of deaths before to 24% after 1980 (p = 0.047), cardiovascular deaths decreased from 85% to 55% (p = 0.01). Although the patients accepted for dialysis after 1980 had more serious renal disease and other degenerative diseases than those before, the mortality rate was reduced to only 1/4 to that before, in all age groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Changing patient characteristics in chronic hemodialysis. 204 75

Clinically apparent proteinuria in essential hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular and total mortality and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Subclinical elevation of urinary albumin excretion is seen more frequently than clinical proteinuria in essential hypertension and the levels of microalbuminuria (excretions of 30 to 300 mg/24 h) correlate with blood pressure. The increased urinary albumin excretion in hypertension may be explained by several factors such as renal hemodynamic changes, permselectivity changes of the glomerular filter, and structural arteriolar and glomerular changes due to nephrosclerosis. It has been clearly demonstrated that microalbuminuria is a risk factor for the development of clinical proteinuria, renal failure and increased cardiovascular mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is still not known whether microalbuminuria also predicts development of proteinuria and decline in renal function in hypertension but there is some evidence indicating that microalbuminuria may be a marker of increased cardiovascular risk in hypertensives.
 ...
PMID:Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. 208 Oct 17


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>