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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of various autoimmune features in 14 patients with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus (type B) was reviewed. Twelve patients had leukopenia, high titers of antinuclear antibodies (speckled pattern), and hypoalbuminemia; 11 had elevated serum levels of IgG and high erythrocyte sedimentation rates; 7 had proteinuria and high serum levels of antibodies to DNA; and 5 had alopecia and elevated serum levels of IgA. Lupus erythematosus preparations were negative in all patients. Eight patients met the conventional criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Three patients developed renal involvement while under care at the National Institutes of Health. Kidney tissue samples showed proliferative and membranous glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and electron-dense deposits similar to those of lupus nephritis. The lupus nephritis in these 3 patients appeared to be independent of the level of insulin-receptor antibody and glucose dysmetabolism. This study documents the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a large proportion of patients with insulin resistance due to autoantibodies to insulin receptors and emphasizes that careful monitoring of such patients for major complications of lupus nephritis is warranted.
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PMID:Lupus nephritis and other autoimmune features in patients with diabetes mellitus due to autoantibody to insulin receptors. 396 55

Workers in the corn wet-milling industry are exposed to grain dusts, pesticides and fumigants, acids, solvents, sulphur dioxide, and other chemicals used in the manufacture of starch, oil, syrup, and dextrins. In a preliminary investigation of the long-term health effects of occupational exposures in this industry, deaths among active and retired corn wet-milling workers were identified from records of a trade union. Underlying cause of death for workers who died between 1947 and 1981 was determined from death certificates. Cause-specific Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMR's) were computed for white and black males using US males as a comparison with adjustments for age, race, and calendar year of death. There were deficits of deaths from respiratory and digestive diseases. Among whites, mortality from chronic nephritis, bladder cancer, and lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies was elevated. There was an elevated frequency of deaths due to diabetes and a threefold excess of pancreatic cancer deaths among blacks. Crude work history information indicated a small cluster of pancreatic cancer deaths among whites and blacks who had worked in production processes that convert corn starch to syrup and dextrins. An elevated frequency of deaths from leukaemia was seen among white maintenance workers.
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PMID:Proportionate mortality among male corn wet-milling workers. 405 10

Information on whether a woman had ever had any children was recorded for all deaths registered to ever-married women in England and Wales between 1938 and 1960. Analysis of the relation between parity and cause of death for 1.2 million women aged 45-74 years revealed that parous women had lower mortality from breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer than did nulliparous women but a higher mortality from diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, cancer of the uterine cervix, nephritis and nephrosis, hypertension, ischaemic and degenerative heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and all causes of death. There is a parallel between the long term effects of pregnancy and of oral contraceptives on health.
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PMID:Long term effects of childbearing on health. 408 66

Serum amyloid P-component (SAP) is a normal plasma protein and is a constituent of normal human glomerular basement membrane. Immunofluorescence with anti-SAP antibody produced characteristic linear staining along the glomerular basement membrane in normal kidney. Distinctive abnormal staining patterns were seen in renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetes, membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangiocapillary nephritis, systemic vasculitis, Goodpasture's syndrome.
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PMID:Amyloid P-component in human glomerular basement membrane. Abnormal patterns of immunofluorescent staining in glomerular disease. 615 7

In order to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on immune complex-mediated nephritis , we produced Heymann nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM-HN group) in which the clinical course for 24 weeks and histological changes were examined. Nondiabetic rats with Heymann nephritis (HN group) and diabetic rats (DM group) were also examined as controls. The degree of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia and anemia were more pronounced and the mortality rate was higher in the DM-HN group than in the HN group or in the DM group. Histologically, larger and more subepithelial or intramembranous electron-dense deposits as well as a more markedly thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed in the DM-HN group than in the HN group. In conclusion, the nephrotic manifestations and histological changes in the GBM in Heymann nephritis were augmented by the association with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Autologous immune complex nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 623 73

Renal tissue from 9 patients with diabetes mellitus (4 with mild and 5 with end-stage disease) and 3 with antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis, as well as 5 normal human kidneys, were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of plasma proteins of varying isoelectric point (pI). In normal and diabetic kidneys, IgG deposition in basement membranes was restricted to IgG4 (pI 5.5-6.0), the subclass present in lowest concentration in human plasma. IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 (pI 7.0-9.5) were not detected. In contrast, in anti-GBM nephritis, all four subclasses were present in a linear pattern in GBM. Other plasma proteins of low isoelectric point were detected in basement membranes: albumin (pI 4.9), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (pI 2.7), amyloid P (pI 3.9-4.8), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (pI 4.5). These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that circulating anionic plasma proteins are electrostatically bound in vivo to positively charged moieties in normal and especially diabetic basement membranes.
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PMID:Selective binding of IgG4 and other negatively charged plasma proteins in normal and diabetic human kidneys. 637 93

Maori mortality is compared with that of other New Zealanders aged 15-64 in the period 1974 to 1978. For males, it is estimated that approximately 20% of the Maori excess in mortality is associated with marked ethnic differences in socio-economic status. Of the remaining excess, an estimated 15% is linked with cigarette smoking, 10% with alcohol consumption (excluding accidental cause of deaths), 5% with obesity and 17% was due to accidents. However 36% of the non-social class related excess involved rheumatic and hypertensive heart disease, nephritis, bronchiectasis, diabetes and tuberculosis which were all associated with a Maori mortality five or more times that for non-Maoris. It is recommended that resources should be allocated so that Maori people can be employed to maintain contact with Maori patients with these diseases in order to improve health services utilisation and compliance with therapy. While it was not possible to determine socio-economic status for females from national mortality data, other findings were similar to those found for males except that mortality from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease also contributed to the Maori excess.
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PMID:Determinants of differences in mortality between New Zealand Maoris and non-Maoris aged 15-64. 658 48

In order to clarify the mechanism of insulin secretion, responses of insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (CPR) in plasma to various stimuli were investigated in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, chronic nephritis or insulinoma. The response of plasma IRI and CPR to oral glucose load was less marked in the mild and moderate diabetes groups than in the normal controls. Neither IRI nor CPR in the severe diabetes group responded to oral glucose. The patients with liver cirrhosis revealed an exaggerated and delayed response of IRI and CPR, and a lowered CPR/IRI ratio, indicating a remarkable response of IRI to glucose. In contrast, the patients with chronic nephritis showed a prominent rise of CPR alone. In the insulinoma patients, both plasma IRI and CPR increased after glucose load. In the response to glucose, there was approximately 30-min lag time between the peaks of IRI and CPR in the normal controls and the patients with various diseases. Following arginine infusion, plasma IRI and CPR increased in the normal subjects and the patients with moderate diabetes. In the normal subjects, plasma IRI reached a peak at 6 min and 3 min in response to tolbutamide and glucagon, respectively, which elicit an abrupt and sharp rise of insulin from B-cells. However, diabetic patients showed a minimal change in plasma IRI and CPR, whereas there was an exaggerated response of plasma IRI and CPR in insulinoma patients. In analysis of responses of plasma IRI and CPR to tolbutamide or glucagon, there was a lag time longer than 10 min in the normal subjects. The present study confirms the concurrent release of C-peptide from the B-cells in the secretion of insulin. In addition, it was suggested that insulin and C-peptide are mainly handled in the liver and the kidney, respectively. Furthermore, a longer lag time between the peaks of IRI and CPR in response to tolbutamide or glucagon did not necessarily indicate a simultaneous release of insulin and C-peptide from the B-cell, but a delayed release of the latter.
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PMID:Analysis of insulin secretion based on changes in plasma insulin and C-peptide in man. 676 99

Mortality from diabetes is underestimated four- to fivefold by methods of analysis of death certification data which use only underlying cause of death. This problem is partially overcome by coding all conditions mentioned on death certificates. For a sample of deaths in England and Wales over the years 1972-1977, the observed proportion of certificates with specific underlying causes of death for certificates mentioning diabetes was compared with the expected proportion for all certificates. These observed/expected ratios were significantly increased in each sex for circulatory diseases and were significantly reduced for neoplasms. For 'nephritis' they were also increased, especially below 45 years of age. These results were confirmed by an analysis of underlying cause of death in a cohort of nearly 6,000 members of the British Diabetic Association. Of the 2,134 deaths in this cohort, diabetes was not mentioned on 33% of the death certificates. For the period 1972-1977, death rates for circulatory diseases associated with diabetes increased by 6% for males but remained constant for females.
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PMID:Diabetes mortality: new light on an underestimated public health problem. 687 13

Although most forms of glomerulonephritis in man are thought to have an immunopathogenesis, certain clinical and experimental observations support the role of other non-immunologic mechanisms in the progression of these diseases. 1. Intra-renal vascular disease thought to be secondary to hypertension, may be responsible for ischemic glomerular sclerosis. 2. Hypertension may damage the diseased glomerulus directly, as has been demonstrated in experimental glomerulonephritis, in the remnant kidney, and in experimental diabetes mellitus. 3. Alterations in glomerular structure and function in the remnant kidney suggest that adaptations to nephron loss may contribute to further renal damage. 4. Glomerular sclerosis occurs under circumstances where immunologic mechanisms are highly unlikely, such as aging, reflex nephropathy, chronic aminonucleoside administration, and protein loading. 5. Preservation of renal function can be achieved by phosphorus restriction in the remnant kidney and in nephrotoxic serum nephritis.
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PMID:Mechanisms of progression in glomerulonephritis. 703 41


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