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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is one of the acute renal infections, its entity can be distinguished from other renal infections by the findings of sonography and computed tomography. There is no evidence of liquefaction in focal masses of AFBN in contrast to renal abscess. We present two cases with AFBN. The first case was a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The second case was a 24-year-old woman with bilateral vesico-ureteral refluxes. Although their initial symptoms mimicked those of acute pyelonephritis, the findings of sonography and computed tomography revealed renal masses. They were treated with anti-microbial agents, and showed rapid improvement on both clinical symptoms and renal masses.
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PMID:[Acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia) report of two cases]. 265 59

During a survey period of 28 years a total of 449 patients suffering respectively from pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematous and chronic nephritis was admitted to the hospital. Of the 286 patients who received glucocorticoid treatment 28 were found to have steroid diabetes (9.8%). The incidences of steroid diabetes in these diseases were as follows: pemphigus 20% (7/35), systemic lupus erythematous 12.5% (14/112), chronic nephritis 5% (7/139). Two thirds of the diabetic subjects appeared asymptomatic, while the remainder showed polydipsia and polyuria. Renal glucosuria was seen in 3 cases and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia in 4. Blood glucose level in 10 out of the 21 remaining cases was 8.9 +/- 1.5 mmol/L and in the other 11 cases 14.8 +/- 2.4 mmol/L. Generally, the treatment of steroid diabetes is not intricate. Satisfactory improvement was seen in about 80% of the patients if a strict line of therapy against primary diabetes was oriented. In this series 18 patients did well under the treatment either with reduction of steroid or with use of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin or both. Their blood glucose levels returned to normal and urine sugar disappeared rapidly. Four of the 5 deaths were caused by their primary diseases. One died of pemphigus complicated with infection and shock exhibiting an ante mortem blood glucose level as high as 31.7 mmol/L, obviously hyperosmolar status being the predisposing factor. Due to the fact that most of the steroid diabetic patients were clinically asymptomatic, delayed or misbranded diagnosis was not infrequently seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Steroid diabetes: an analysis of 28 cases]. 280 46

Patterns of mortality among members of the Seneca Nation of Indians between January 1, 1955, and December 31, 1984, were investigated. The study cohort consisted of all members of the Seneca Nation residing in New York State who were listed in the tribal rolls as of January 1, 1955 (n = 3,262). Deaths among cohort members were identified through a computer match against New York State vital records files. Sex-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated on the basis of mortality patterns exhibited by the general population of New York State, exclusive of New York City. Seneca Nation males demonstrated an excess of deaths from all causes (SMR = 124), while all-cause mortality among Seneca Nation females did not differ from that expected (SMR = 106). Both males and females exhibited excess mortality from infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis of the liver, and accidents and injuries. Excess mortality was also noted among males for deaths due to atherosclerosis and hernia/intestinal obstruction and among females for deaths due to pneumonia, chronic nephritis, and homicide. Both sexes exhibited a deficit of deaths due to malignant neoplasms and circulatory diseases. Findings from this study will be useful to those responsible for the planning and implementation of health care programs among the Seneca Nation of Indians and other Native American groups.
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PMID:Mortality in a northeastern Native American cohort, 1955-1984. 292 27

Ten Kenyan patients with visceral leishmaniasis unresponsive to sodium stibogluconate, at a dose of 16 to 20 mg Sb/kg body-weight/day given for 30 to 98 days, were treated with 20 mg Sb/kg bw given every eight hours. This regimen was modified or abandoned in six patients because of suspected toxicity, although toxicity was difficult to assess because of intercurrent illness. Toxic effects included lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, electrocardiographic changes, fall in haemoglobin and rise in liver enzymes. One patient died, probably from a cardiac arrhythmia. Two patients were cured, four responded partially and four showed no response. Pentamidine, at a dose of 4 mg/kg body-weight given one to 3 times per week for 5 to 39 weeks, was given as initial treatment in one patient and after failure of sodium stibogluconate in seven. Toxic effects included nephritis, hepatitis, transient diabetes and subcutaneous abscesses. Two patients were cured, two responded partially, three showed no response and one, after apparent cure, relapsed and was unresponsive to additional pentamidine treatment. Low-frequency, long-duration pentamidine was often useful in maintaining any improvement made during treatment with the less well tolerated high-dose, high frequency sodium stibogluconate. We observed the step-wise development of resistance to both sodium stibogluconate and pentamidine. The problems of managing patients with visceral leishmaniasis which is unresponsive to conventional doses of pentavalent antimonials are discussed and some tentative suggestions put forward.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis unresponsive to antimonial drugs. II. Response to high dosage sodium stibogluconate or prolonged treatment with pentamidine. 300 95

Multiple i.p. injections of low-dose streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) produce insulitis, beta cell destruction, and diabetes in male CD-1 mice. Recent data also suggest that macrophages figure in the low-dose streptozotocin model. Because other recent studies have shown that essential fatty acid deficiency prevents autoimmune nephritis in mice, decreases the number of resident Ia-positive glomerular macrophages, and decreases the elicitation of macrophages into the glomerulus in inflammation, we examined the effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the incidence and severity of insulitis and diabetes in CD-1 mice treated with low-dose streptozotocin. Streptozotocin-treated mice on the control diet uniformly developed diabetes (19/19). Essential fatty acid-deficient mice treated with streptozotocin did not develop diabetes (1/13). Mean plasma glucose levels for the control and essential fatty acid-deficient mice were 384.5 +/- 23.6 and 129.1 +/- 15.5 mg/dl, respectively, at the end of 1 month. To discern whether essential fatty acid deficiency prevented the streptozotocin-induced beta cell injury or the inflammatory response to injured beta cells, mice were repleted with daily injections of 99% pure methyl linoleate beginning 3 days after the last streptozotocin injection. These mice also quickly developed severe (3/4) or mild (1/4) diabetes. Histologic examination of the pancreata of control mice or repleted mice showed marked insulitis and beta cell destruction; in contrast, the pancreata of essential fatty acid-deficient mice showed preservation of beta cells and only focal mild peri-insulitis. Essential fatty acid deficiency thus prevents the insulitis and resultant diabetes in low-dose streptozotocin-treated CD-1 mice, suggesting a central role for macrophages and lipid mediators in this autoimmunity model.
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PMID:Essential fatty acid deficiency prevents multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in CD-1 mice. 304 12

Allele-specific monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies are capable of specifically suppressing the immune response to antigens under the control of the allele towards which the antibody is directed, without suppressing the response to antigens under the control of the alternative allele of the I-A alpha and beta chain genes in an F1 heterozygote. This phenomenon, which has been termed 'allele-specific immunosuppression', is antigen-specific, long-lasting and transferrable with Thy-1-positive spleen cells. This type of immunosuppression has been applied to animal models of autoimmune disease, in both homozygous and heterozygous animal models. Anti-I-A monoclonal antibodies are capable of preventing, suppressing and treating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), of partially suppressing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, and of preventing the onset of type I insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB/W diabetic rat. In addition, this type of immunotherapy has succeeded in almost completely suppressing nephritis in NZB X NZW F1 mice, which normally develop severe lupus-like nephritis. Significant toxicity, which may be due to anti-allotype antibodies, anti-idiotype antibodies, or to impurities in the monoclonal antibody preparations, has been encountered in the BB/W diabetic rat. In addition, attempts to extend these observations to EAE in the cynomolgus monkey have encountered significant mortality which appears to be attributable to the monoclonal antibody injections (anti-HLA-DR). The mechanism of this toxicity and means of circumventing it are currently under investigation. These results demonstrate the critical role of I-A molecules in the induction and continuance of the autoimmune process in these experimental animal models.
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PMID:Monoclonal anti-Ia antibody therapy in animal models of autoimmune disease. 331 1

A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) study was undertaken of 7,121 members and retirees of the United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters in California who died in 1960-79. The PMR for all malignant neoplasms was 1.24, with a major contribution from lung cancers (PMR = 1.41). Lung cancer PMRs were consistently elevated, through the 20-year study period, across the pipe trades and within different birth cohorts. Sixteen mesothelioma deaths occurred, suggesting asbestos as a risk factor. PMRs for malignancies of the stomach, kidney, brain, and lymphopoietic system were also elevated, especially among plumbers. Chronic rheumatic heart disease, emphysema, liver cirrhosis, and all external causes of death were the major non-cancer causes with significantly elevated PMRs. There were significant deficits in diabetes mellitus, all pneumonia, chronic nephritis, and vascular lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). PMRs for successive birth cohorts among all study subjects revealed decreasing emphysema risk, suggesting previous reduction of a risk factor for this disease. Among plumbers, PMRs for death due to several non-respiratory malignancies showed an increasing trend with recency of birth cohort.
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PMID:Patterns of mortality among plumbers and pipefitters. 374 68

A prospective study evaluated the utility of renal computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography in 35 patients hospitalized for treatment of urinary tract infection. Renal computed tomograms were abnormal in 18 of 28 patients with acute pyelonephritis and three of four patients with urosepsis, showing findings consistent with pyelonephritis in 17 patients and intrarenal abscess or focal bacterial nephritis in four patients. Renal sonograms were abnormal in only eight patients, showing findings compatible with pyelonephritis in four and intrarenal abscess or focal bacterial nephritis in the other four. Flank tenderness was absent in only four patients with CT findings of pyelonephritis, of whom three were diabetic. We therefore found that (1) renal CT is a sensitive test for acute upper urinary tract infection, (2) ultrasonography detects focal bacterial nephritis and abscesses but is insensitive to uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection, and (3) painless pyelonephritis may be more common in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Ultrasonography and computed tomography in severe urinary tract infection. 388 34

Plasma Antithrombin III (AT III) has been shown to be elevated in certain conditions like diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease as well as in situations where there is increased platelet turnover. This study attempts to define the role of platelet injury in Clinical Nephrology and assesses the clinical value of ATT III. In IgA Nephritis, plasma AT III levels (105 +/- 10%) in 97 patients were higher than those of normal controls (96 +/- 5%) (p less than 0.0005). AT III levels were significantly correlated with proteinuria (p less than 0.0001), segmental sclerosis (p less than 0.01), crescents (p less than 0.01), medial hypertrophy (p less than 0.001) and intensity of IgA staining on IMF (p less than 0.02). Patients with IgA nephritis with raised AT III had more proteinuria (p less than 0.003), more segmental sclerosis (p less than 0.007) as well as a greater intensity of IgA on IMG (p less than 0.02) when compared to patients with normal AT III levels. The data suggest that plasma AT III may serve as a marker of disease activity in IgA nephritis. Plasma AT III levels in hemodialysis patients, low prior to dialysis, improved after dialysis (p less than 0.01). Pre and post hemodialysis platelet counts however did not change significantly. In peritoneal dialysis patients, AT III levels which were normal before dialysis, increased significantly after peritoneal dialysis (p less than 0.01). The platelet counts before and after peritoneal dialysis also improved (p less than 0.005). No correlation was found between AT III levels and platelet counts. Although platelet damage has a contributory role in increasing AT III levels during hemodialysis, the data on peritoneal dialysis suggest that there may be other factors affecting platelets and AT III during dialysis.
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PMID:Galloway memorial lecture. Platelet injury and antithrombin III in clinical nephrology. 389 86

A total of 754 persons randomly selected from the age group 55-64 years were invited by letter to take part in a screening for hematuria, proteinuria and glucosuria. Each person was asked to provide one sample of morning urine and immediately mail it to the laboratory. A total of 413 persons (55%) responded. Two dipsticks: BM-Test-5L and a new single strip for hematuria determination preliminary named BM 33075 were used, both manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim GmbH. The test strips gave positive reaction for hematuria in 21 persons (5.1%), for proteinuria in 14 persons (3.4%), and for glucosuria in six persons (1.5%). All persons with positive tests were invited to follow-up investigations. In the hematuria group we found one person with a malignant disease, 13 with benign conditions and in seven persons we found no reason for the hematuria. Among those with proteinuria one person had a nephritis. Four persons with glucosuria knew about their diabetes mellitus. The cost of the screening was NOK 99 per participant.
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PMID:Screening for hematuria, glucosuria and proteinuria in people aged 55-64. Technical, clinical and cost-benefit experience from a pilot study. 393 72


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