Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ocular system is crucial to survival. It is subject to many of the same diseases found in other organ systems (e.g., diabetes) as well as diseases of ageing (e.g., macular degeneration) and other diseases (e.g., myopia). This review describes ocular diseases which are treatable, or potentially treatable, by pharmacological intervention (e.g., glaucoma, ocular infection, ocular allergy, ocular inflammation, dry eye and retinal pathology). Presented is a background of these diseases, the medical need for therapy, and current and potential new treatments.
 ...
PMID:Emerging drugs for ophthalmic diseases. 1461 Sep 25

Diabetic maculopathy seen in the Philippines, specifically, the associated factors, the various lesions seen on fluorescein angiography, and the visual acuity associated with these lesions were characterized using 127 patients (254 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy based on the fluorescein angiography done at the Eye Referral Center in 1993. Results showed that 116 (91.34%) patients have maculopathy, the majority of which is bilateral (84.25%). Age (p=0.675), sex (p=0.357), hypertension (p=0.742), duration of diabetes (p=0.778) and myopia (p=0.742) were not significantly associated with maculopathy. However, severity of retinopathy (p=0.001) was significantly associated with it. Fluorescein angiographic findings are macular staining (83.86%), perifoveal capillary dropout or macular ischemia (10.76%), and preretinal traction and membrane (5.38%). Microaneurysm (72.65%) is the most common lesion associated with macular staining, followed by capillary leakage (4.04%), cystoid macular edema (3.59%), perifoveal capillary dropout with microaneurysm (2.24%), and capillary with microaneurysm leakage (1.34%). Exudates are associated with microaneurysm, perifoveal capillary dropout or a combination of the two. Vision was found to be marginally statistically different between the normal and maculopathy group (p=0.0505). The worst vision was seen in macular ischemia and preretinal traction and membrane, with mean visual acuity of 0.18 and 0.25, respectively. It is concluded that severity of retinopathy is the only variable significantly associated with maculopathy in this study. Good vision does not necessarily indicate a normal macula. Detailed examination and fluorescein angiography should be carried out, regardless of duration of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Fluorescein angiographically evident diabetic maculopathy. 1472 62

Massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage may occur at surgery, early postoperatively or may be delayed. The authors describe a case of 79-year-old woman, who developed a massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage in 72 hours after retinal detachment surgery. In our case, the main reason of suprachoroidal hemorrhage development was postoperative hypotony and occurrence of a lot of factors such hypertension, diabetes, high myopia, pseudophakia, which predispose to hemorrhage. This case is very rare but interesting because of its multifocal pathogenetical mechanism.
 ...
PMID:[Delayed massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage after retinal detachment surgery: case report]. 1474 85

A 19-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for delayed puberty. At birth, he had macrocephalia and showed delayed physical and mental development. At 9 years of age, right cryptorchism was diagnosed. His parents had noticed that he could not recognize any smells since his infancy. Physical examination on admission revealed ocular hypertelorism, high myopia, high arched palate, and intermittent external strabismus. Sense of smell was scaled out by olfactometry. External genitalia were infantile. Neurological examination showed on IQ of 83, and mild truncal ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cystic distension of the IV ventricle, partial aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, elevation of the tentorium cerebelli, enlargement of the III ventricle, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. These findings revealed that the patient had Dandy-Walker malformation. The basal FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were all low compared with normal adult reference values. The serial LH-RH provocation tests showed stepwise LH and FSH elevation. After the fifth day of LH-RH administration, both LH and FSH responses clearly improved. Olfactory tracts were defective in MRI findings. These findings were consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of hypothalamic origin with anosmia, and the patient was therefore diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome. Sequence analysis of the KAL1 gene showed no mutation in the coding region. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the coexistence of Kallmann syndrome and Dandy-Walker malformation in the same patient.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004 Jan
PMID:A case of Kallmann syndrome associated with Dandy-Walker malformation. 1475 74

Reversing chronic conditions remains an elusive goal of medicine. The modern medical paradigm based on blocking overactive pathways or augmenting deficient pathways offers symptomatic benefit, but tolerance to therapy can develop and treatment cessation can produce rebound symptoms due to compensatory mechanisms. We propose a paradoxical strategy for treating chronic conditions based on harnessing compensatory mechanisms for therapeutic benefit. Many current drugs may be repurposed for a paradoxical indication where the therapeutic effect is derived from compensatory response, rather than drug effect. For example, although exercise is associated with acute adrenergia, paradoxical downregulation of baseline sympathovagal ratio occurs as a remodeling response. For conditions that manifest chronic sympathetic bias such as cardiovascular diseases, judicious administration of adrenergic agonists may induce compensatory downregulation of baseline sympathovagal ratio. The concept may generalize to many other diseases, especially those involving pathways which exhibit strong homeostatic tendencies such as the neurologic, immune, and endocrine systems. Careful consideration of chronobiologic features is necessary to optimize dosing strategies for modulating compensatory responses, and eccentric dosing schedules, shorter-acting formulations, or pulsatile delivery may be desirable in some cases. To what extent the effect of desensitization to current therapy is mistaken for disease progression in conditions such as diabetes, myopia, depression, and hypertension warrants investigation. The merits of combining behavioral and drug therapies such as diet-insulin therapy for diabetes and exercise-beta-blockade for cardiovascular disease should be revisited since there is a risk for exacerbating the underlying dysfunction. The reduced dynamic range of various environmental experiences and the tendency to revert to the mean through medical intervention, thermoregulation, and other modern lifestyle changes may play under-recognized roles in human diseases. Perhaps alternating agonists and antagonist may exercise the entire dynamic range of pathways and improve health.
 ...
PMID:Paradoxical strategy for treating chronic diseases where the therapeutic effect is derived from compensatory response rather than drug effect. 1622 10

The study investigates the relative crash involvement risk associated with diagnosed medical conditions, subjective symptoms and the use of some medicines based on self-report questionnaires from 4448 crash-involved drivers. Whereas many previous studies of medical conditions and crash risk have focussed exclusively on elderly drivers, this study included drivers of all ages. Relative risk for each health condition was estimated by comparing drivers with and without the condition, regarding the odds of being at fault for the crash. Statistical significance was tested by a logistic regression analysis for each condition with crash culpability as the dependent variable. Relative risks were expressed as odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age and annual driving distance. The analyses identified the following significant risk factors: non-medicated diabetes (OR=3.08), a history of myocardial infarction (OR=1.77), using glasses when driving (OR=1.26), myopia (OR=1.22), sleep onset insomnia (OR=1.87), frequent tiredness (OR=1.36), anxiety (OR=3.15), feeling depressed (OR=2.43) and taking antidepressants (OR=1.70). In addition, there was a relatively large and nearly significant relative risk for drivers who had suffered a stroke (OR=1.93). For some additional conditions the crude odds ratios were significant, but failed to reach significance after correction for age and annual driving distance.
 ...
PMID:Driver health and crash involvement: a case-control study. 1605 4

Authors followed up the changes' development of the human lens' transparence in 213 children and young adult patients with diabetes mellitus type I. As initial changes of the lens' transparence they considered the posterior "Y" suture accentuation, because it was noticed in 44.4 % of lenses during the first 10 years of the metabolic disease duration, in contrast to 28.1 % representation of this dissociation in the control group of patients without diabetes (p = 0.012), and it was always markedly more often in patients with myopia. Substantial changes were detected predominantly during the sixth until the tenth year of duration of the basic disease as fine subcapsular opacities graded as first degree of lens transparency changes in 48 % of eyes. After 10 years of the disease duration, the lenses were never clear. Consequently, the changes in the transparency in the anterior subcapsular layer associated in 18 %. After 15 years of diabetes duration, we detected opacities in the anterior and posterior subcapsular layers of the lenses, graded as second degree of lenses transparence changes in 85 % of eyes. This subjective evaluating of lenses' opacity changes by means of the slit lamp examination was correlated with densitometric examination by means of Pentacam camera in a representative sample of 29 patients. In the first degree of lenses' transparence changes, the posterior subcapsular layer was affected in 50 %, and in the second degree, the opacities in this layer were found practically in 90 % of cases. False positive result in clear lenses or congenital opacities or "Y" suture was not detected. In general, the affected lens transparency did not basically influence the visual acuity and the decrease of contrast sensitivity was not statistically significant (p = 0.34). For the initial change of the lenses' transparency is also determining the patient's age at the onset of the diabetes mellitus type I. The changes are more common if the onset of the disease is after the fifteenth year of age as before that (p = 0.026). The authors also detected sporadic opacities in 4.2 % of eyes, probably of congenital origin (out of them, in two patients there was bilateral finding of the cerulean cataract) without visual acuity decrease.
 ...
PMID:[The human lens' transparence changes in children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes mellitus type I]. 1703 17

The question is whether there is an increased risk to develop glaucoma in co-existing myopia. The different kinds of glaucoma dealing with this problem are described. The highly myopic eye with increased axial length shows many structural changes. Especially the changes of the optic nerve head in a highly myopic eye make it very difficult to differentiate between a beginning glaucoma and a normal structure or to define a progression of glaucomatous changes. The visual field defects are often close to fixation and may reduce visual acuity and therefore the quality of life of these usually younger patients. An increase of the thickness of the lens induced by senile cataract, drugs or diabetes mellitus, a forward shift of the lens or the iris-lens-diaphragm will lead to refractive myopia and may provoke an angle closure glaucoma. Pigmentary glaucoma occurs in younger patients in connection with low or medium myopia and more rapidly destroys the optic nerve head due to higher intraocular pressure values in comparison to the primary open-angle glaucoma. After refractive surgeries of myopic eyes one has to expect different kinds of glaucoma (steroid induced, pupillary block, angle closure). Due to the increased risk to develop glaucoma patients especially with high myopia are advised to consult their ophthalmologist on a regular basis.
 ...
PMID:[Myopia and glaucoma]. 1749 15

The aetiology of primary open-angle glaucoma is still uncertain. However certain factors are known or suspected of having an aetiologic role. These are known as the risk factors. These include higher intraocular pressures, black race, old age especially after the age of 40 years, the peculiar larger optic disc structure of black people, a positive family history, vascular factors such as systemic hypertension, perfusion pressure, vasospasm, atherosclerosis and acute hypotension which is a risk factor for normal-tension glaucoma. Others are diabetes, which is prone to selection bias, myopia, a history of typical migraine headaches, thinner central corneal thickness and the ability to taste phenylthiourea. If a particular patient is identified as having one or more of these risk factors, that patient is by definition, at greater risk of developing glaucoma than a patient who does not.
 ...
PMID:A review of the risk factors in primary open angle glaucoma. 1766 21

Cortisonic glaucoma is frequent, clinically similar to chronic open angle glaucoma but directly linked to a corticosteroid treatment. Four risk factors are involved in the hypertonic effect of steroids: genetic ground: primary open angle glaucoma, diabetes, myopia, young age; intraocular penetrance and anti-inflammatory efficacy; the mode and duration of administration.
 ...
PMID:[Origin of corticosteroid glaucoma]. 1771 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>