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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two groups of patients operated on because of cataract were compared: 106 patients from Poland and 103 patients from Norway. Mean age in the Polish group was 60 years and in the Norwegian 76 years. To explain the difference in age at operation the incidence of some cataract risk factors--diabetes, myopia, rural residence, outdoor occupation, cataract in family, steroid therapy, smoking and alcohol intake--were evaluated. Significant differences between these two groups were found only for rural residence, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The author suggests another possible factor causing earlier cataract formation among Polish patients.
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PMID:Senile and presenile cataract. Survey of patients undergoing cataract surgery. 788 59

A case-control study was planned as a part of the Casteldaccia Eye Study in order to investigate about risk factors of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Cases were 44 subjects with glaucoma or intraocular pressure of 24 mm Hg or more. Controls were 220 subjects with intraocular pressure of 20 mm Hg or less and no signs of glaucoma. A number of environmental, behavioral, systemic and ocular variables were studied. Among the others we investigated the following: sunlight exposure, smoking, alcohol intake, pregnancies, systemic hypertension, diabetes, use of corticosteroids, refractive status, anterior chamber depth, lens nuclear sclerosis, iris color and texture. After univariate analysis the use of ocular corticosteroids and antibiotics, myopia, shallow anterior chamber and myopic macular degeneration were associated with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. However, the logistic regression showed that only the use of ocular corticosteroids (odds ratio = 7.79) and the myopia (odds ratio = 5.56) were independently associated.
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PMID:Risk factors of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. The Casteldaccia Eye Study. 792 48

The case of a 45-year-old woman with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is documented. Additional features in this case, to the authors' knowledge not previously described in gyrate atrophy, are massive cystinuria, massive lysinuria, axial hypermetropia and diabetes. Gyrate atrophy is a rare autosomal recessive degenerative disease of the choroid and retina and is accompanied by defective ornithine metabolism. Simell and Takki demonstrated the association with hyperornithinaemia in 1973. The main metabolic features are those of hyperornithinaemia and ornithuria caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial matrix enzyme, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). The responsible human gene has been localised to chromosome 10. Despite the generalised deficiency of OAT, the literature indicates significant pathological involvement of the eye only. Ophthalmological features of the disease are myopia (up to 10-20 dioptres), night blindness, constricted visual fields and complicated cataracts. The clinical picture has been detailed previously by various authors. The case of a 45-year-old woman with gyrate atrophy and hyperornithinaemia is documented here. She has been followed up for 12 years and fully investigated. Additional features in this case, to our knowledge not previously described in gyrate atrophy, are massive cystinuria, massive lysinuria, axial hypermetropia and diabetes.
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PMID:Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemia, cystinuria and lysinuria. 795 31

From June 1, 1990 to September 1, 1995 we have operated within our department o Ophthalmology 759 eyes at 714 patients using the method of Extra-Capsular Extraction (EEC). From these 759 eyes, 242 (31.88%) were subjects of an artificial lens implant, 239 eyes were subjects of posterior chamber implant and 4 of anterior chamber. The used technique was the classical EEC one. The patients' age was between 8 and 93 years, with the maximal frequencies at the groups of 60-70 years (43.83%) and 70-80 years (35.57%). Considering the type of cataract we have operated 12 (1.58%) traumatic cataracts, 81 (10.67%) pre-senile cataracts and 621 (81.81%) senile ones. The most frequent complications were: capsule breaking and zonular dialysis, 8 cases (1.05%). vitreous out going, 12 cases (1.57%), post-surgical oedema of cornea, 132 cases (17.5%). increase of intraocular pressure, 158 cases (20.81%), irido-ciliary inflammation. 45 cases (5.9%), endophthalmitis, 3 cases (0.39%), oedematous-bubbling keratopathy, 6 cases (0.79%), macular cystoid oedema, 2 cases (0.26%), posterior capsule opacification, 52 cases (6.8%). The results we have obtained are good: 530 patients (69.8%) have a visual acuity of 0.5 or better. The rest of the patients have a lower visual acuity because of intra- or post-surgical complications as well as exfoliation syndrome, diabetes, glaucoma, myopia, pigmentary retinopathy and Fuchs' heterochromia. The artificial lens implant has increased, reaching in 1995 a total of 78.61%.
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PMID:[Extracapsular extraction of the crystalline lens]. 896 53

Cataracts with different risk factors differ in their clinical course. Surgical removal of such cataracts requires a differentiated approach to drug therapy in the pre- and postoperative periods. On the other hand, surgery, for example, for uveal cataracts involves additional manipulations, dissection of synechias or more coarse adhesions. The risk of inflammations in the immediate postoperative period and of secondary cataracts in remote periods is high in diabetics with uveal cataracts. Analysis of published data and our own clinical findings permitted us to make the existing classifications of complicated cataracts more accurate. We consider that the term "complicated cataracts" should not be changed. This patient population includes those for which the factors of risk of cataracts are uveitis, myopia, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases causing changes in ocular structures, which, in turn, become a risk factor in terms of development of complications during and after cataract extraction.
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PMID:[Definition of the term "complicated cataracts"]. 901 8

A total of 75 patients with various types of cataracts, 35 of these (37 eyes) with complicated cataracts, were examined. Patients with a history of antiglaucoma surgery were not included in the study. Extracapsular extraction of complicated cataracts with intercapsular implantation and suture-free fixation of B. N. Alexeyev's IOL-IKB A004 were carried out after B. N. Alexeyev. The patients were examined using keratometry, ophthalmometry, visometry, echography and echobiometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, pupil test, tonometry, electron tonography, refractometry, gonioscopy, and entoptic phenomena. The results indicate the possibility of extracapsular cataract extraction with intracapsular implantation of IOLs after Alexeyev in patients with complicated cataracts. The incidence of intra- and postoperative complications in patients with complicated cataracts concomitant with myopia, glaucoma, uveitis, and diabetes mellitus did not differ from that in patients with uncomplicated cataracts concomitant with the same conditions. Moreover, the incidence of postoperative complications was far less in comparison with implantation of other lenses, as reported by some authorities.
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PMID:[Intracapsular implantation of intraocular lenses in complicated cataracts]. 914 67

The aim of the study was to determine whether certain factors are related to an increased risk of developing open-angle glaucoma. A total of 345 untreated glaucoma suspects with intraocular pressure (IOP) > or = 21 mmHg, cup to disc ratio 0.4 or less and no visual field defects, were followed up for 6 to 8 years (mean 7.3). During the follow-up 71 patients developed established glaucoma and were compared to the remaining 274 patients. The following factors were analysed: age, family history of glaucoma, IOP, Humphrey 30-2 visual fields, optic disc appearance, myopia, exfoliation, arterial hypertension and diabetes. Analysis yielded statistically significant results regarding a number of these factors in the patients who subsequently developed open-angle glaucoma. A significant association with the subsequent development of field loss in ocular hypertension (OHT) included: heredity (p < 0.001), age > or = 60 years (p = 0.013), axial myopia (0.001 < p < 0.01) and arterial hypertension (p = 0.05). About 20% of patients with ocular hypertension developed glaucoma over a period of seven years. Risk factors such as heredity, age, myopia and arterial hypertension, among others, must be considered in the follow-up of glaucoma suspects.
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PMID:Risk factors in ocular hypertension. 945 59

Symptoms of primary open-angle glaucoma can be divided into main and accessory and risk factors. The main symptoms are increased intraocular pressure and changes in the visual field and optic disk characteristic of glaucoma. The accessory symptoms and risk factors are a family history of glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, myopia, poor discharge of aqueous humor, pseudoexfoliative syndrome, elements of goniodysgenesis and depositions of pigmented granules in the anterior chamber corner, and asymmetric intraocular pressure, humor discharge, and extent of optic disk excavation. Causes and diagnosis of nonglaucomatous hypertension and normal-pressure glaucoma are discussed.
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PMID:[Main principles of diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma]. 962 10

Several evidences suggest a retinal participation to the genesis of diabetic eye complications by means of an increased free radical production at this level. However, no direct proof exists that this happens in humans in vivo. Therefore, the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl and sulfhydryl (P-SH) proteins, and vitamin E have been assessed in the subretinal fluid (SF) of patients affected by retinal detachment. Diabetic (n = 19) and nondiabetic (n = 21 ) subjects with comparable age, degree of myopia, and duration of the retinal detachment were considered. A control group of n = 7 subjects was included. The SF was collected after drainage during surgery. The concentrations of total proteins, P-SH, and carbonyl proteins were determined with spectrophotometric methods; the levels of MDA and vitamin E were measured by HPLC. The protein concentration in SF did not differ among groups. A higher concentration of MDA (p < .01) and carbonyl proteins (p < .02) were found in diabetic compared to nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic patients also showed a lower content of P-SH (p < .002) and vitamin E (p < .001) compared to nondiabetic subjects. All these parameters were more markedly altered in patients affected by proliferative diabetic retinopathy and significantly differed between patients and control subjects. In conclusion, oxidative events are associated with retinal detachment in humans. This evidence strongly suggests that the retina is a source of free radical production under certain conditions, such as diabetes.
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PMID:Oxidative retinal products and ocular damages in diabetic patients. 968 Jan 84

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in adult Americans. This disease remains undetected in one half of the people with this disease. Primary open angle glaucoma is the most common form of the disease. Patients at risk for glaucoma usually have one or more of the following characteristics: advanced age, diabetes, myopia, elevated intraocular pressure, large cup to disc ratio, and a positive family history of the disease. Presently in the United States, treatment for primary open angle glaucoma is usually medical. Six classes of glaucoma medications are available, all of which have side effects. The second most prevalent form of glaucoma is angle closure glaucoma, the treatment for which is usually surgical. Although a cure for the various forms of glaucoma does not exist, an awareness of the problem and early detection and treatment minimize the impact of the disease.
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PMID:Gradual painless visual loss: glaucoma. 985 60


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