Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies done in the United Kingdom suggest a correlation between ora l contraceptive (OC) use and increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI ). A study of 153 women under 50 years of age who died of MIs as compar ed with a control group of the same age and marital status showed a significant association between OC use and MI which became stronger with increasing age: e.g., risks for the 30-39 and 40-44 year-old groups were 2.8 and 4.7 respectively. Another study involving 63 MI survivors between 25 and 44 years of age compared with a similar control group showed a strongly positive association: 29% of the patients and 8% of the controls used OCs and risks for the 30-39 and 40-44 year old groups were 2.7 and 5.7 respectively. The risk in OC users was 4.5 times greater than in nonusers. Other risk factors such as diabetes, cigarett e smoking and obesity also have a positive association with MI. Only one of 17 OC users at the time of MI had no other identified risk factor . When ranked according to the number of risk factors present (includin g OCs) risks relative to women in whom none were present were 4.2 for 1 factor, 10.5 for 2 factors and 78.4 for 3 or more factors. These estimates suggest that in women under 45 years of age, OCs act synergist ically with other risk factors rather than additively, to produce MI. Stroke, also identified, did not appear as a result of a synergistic relationship between OC and other risk factors comparable to that found in relation to MI. Further study is needed but estimated incidence rates of fatal and nonfatal MI attributable to OC use are each about 3.5 per 100,000 30-39 year old users per year and each about 45 per 100,000 40-44 year old users per year. Women with more than 1 risk factor for MI should consider alternative methods of contraception. Those women who do use OCs regularly, especially older women, should be followed closely and advised against OC continuation.
 ...
PMID:Editorial: Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction. 113 33

In order to determine whether the development of myocardial infarction in different countries is associated with different risk factors, 240 male survivors, aged 40 or less, were studied in nine countries. In the seven centres in developed countries (Auckland, Melbourne, Los Angles/Atlanta, Cape Town, Tel Avic, Heidelberg, and Edinburgh) there was a high procedure of risk factors, particularly of hyperlipidaemia and cigarette smoking. The prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hyperglycaemia, and hyperuricaemia varied from centre to centre. Risk factors were less prevalent in Bombay and Singapore: the most common risks operating in Bombay seemed to be cigarette smoking and hyperglycaemia, while in Singpore cigarette smoking was the commonest. The mean age of the whole group was 35.4 years. Serum cholesterol levels of 7.25 mmol/l (280 mg/dl) or more were present in 25 per cent of all patients, serum triglyceride levels of 2.26 mmol/l )l200 mg/dl) or more in 35 per cent. 80 per cent of the patients were smokers, and 15 per cent were either for hypertension before myocardial infarction or had a raised blood pressure after myocardial infarction. Obesity was found in 19 per cent of all patients and serum uric acid levels over 0.5 mmol/l (8.5 mg/dl) in 17 per cent. 10 per cent of all patients were either treated for diabetes mellitus before myocardial infarction or showed an abnormal glucose tolerance after myocardial infarction. This collaborative study may help, by showing differences in the prevalence of risk factors, to indicate to each centre and to national and to international organizations, the direction for their future studies into the causation and prevention of myocardial infarction in young men.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial infarction in young men. Study of risk factors in nine countries. 113 58

The known risk factors for atherosclerosis do not possess the same significance in young people as in the elderly. Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking appear to have a greater bearing below the age of 50 than later, particularly in myocardial infarction but also in apoplexy. On the other hand, hypertension is an important factor in the young and, especially in the case of apoplexy, even more so in advanced age. There is marked difference with regard to preexisting heart disease, which scarcely plays a role in myocardial infarction of the younger patient but is a factor in some 50% of hemiplegia cases. Only one fifth of elderly patients with this disease have no preexisting carcdiopathy. The similarity of the risk factors in elderly patients either with or without apoplexy is due to the fact that arteriosclerosis is already established in both groups and the risk factors which give rise to ischemia, thrombosis or embolism assume prominence. The therapeutic implications are briefly discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors and age]. 113 58

Two groups of patients with myocardial infarction in conjunction with diabetes mellitus and with myocardial infarction without diabetes mellitus, similar as regards their sex and age and not suffering from hypertensive disease (a total of 165 persons) were subjected to a clinico-statistical analysis. A number of factors characterizing the clinical course of myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus in these two groups were compared. It was found that the nature and localization of pain showed not significant differences in the patients of the study groups. However, the duration of the algetic history was much longer in patients suffering from myocardial infarction combined with diabetes mellitus. In such patients complications develop more often and run a more severe course. In most of them the onset of myocardial infarction was attended by an exacerbation of diabetes mellitus and in some cases diabetes becomes apparent for the first time at the time of myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of the course of myocardial infarct in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 114 17

1) Patients with myocardial infarction constituted 2.36% of all the hospitalized patients during 1961-1968. The mortality of the hospitalized patients with myocardial infarction during the same term was 19.1%. The ratio of the male to female patients with myocardial infarction was 5.2. 2) As the risk factors of myocardial infarction, the following items were considered to be of importance: 1. gout in past history, 2. angina pectoris in family history, 3. diabetes mellitus in family history, 4. cigaret smoking over 40 pieces per day, 5. diabetes mellitus in past history, 6. administrative occupation, 7. serum cholesterol level over 250 mg/100 ml, 8. obesity of 20% excess over standard body weight, 9. hypertension in family history. 3) According to the statistical analysis, several groups of risk factors and interrelationship of risk factors are recognized.
 ...
PMID:The incidence of myocardial infarction in hospitalized patients and the risk factors of myocardial infarction. 115 99

This is a response to 2 previous articles in the Journal which confirmed the association between the risk of myocardial infarction and the taking of combined oral contraceptive pills. An alternative method of contraception should be recommended for women over age 34 years if they have predisposing risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, or Type 2 hyperlipidemia. The effect of the combined estrogen-progestogen pill may be synergistic. With other methods of contraception there may be a greater risk of pregnancy. However, after age 34 the fecundity is less. In case of failure, early abortion, if acceptable, should be offered. Sterilization might be best. Vasectomy for the husband offers a good alternative.
 ...
PMID:Letter: Oral contraceptives in women over 34. 115 1

Among a group of 286 patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease 35.3% had normal carbohydrate tolerance, 28% asymptomatic (biochemical or latent), and 36.7% overt diabetes mellitus. There was a tendency towards peripheral artery involvement and a greater incidence of coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, changes in ST-T segment) among patients with asymptomatic or overt diabetes, figures being comparable for men and women. Most of the patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease without diabetes mellitus were in stage II, while in diabetics there was a shift towards stages I and IV. There was no significant correlation between incidence, symptoms, and location of atherosclerotic arterial disease, on the one hand, and duration of overt diabetes, on the other.
 ...
PMID:[Peripheral arterial disease and diabetes mellitus(author's transl)]. 115 92

A retrospective study of 84 women under age 45 years suffering myocardial infarction. These patients were found in the records of 24 hospitals is presented. 16 died in the hospital; 5 died subsequently; of the remaining 50 showed definite evidence and 13 possible evidence of myocardial infarction. Suitable controls were selected from patients with other disorders. Patients were interviewed in their homes, some additional information was supplied by the medical practitioner; and fasting blood samples were obtained from some at more than 6 months after the infarction. The proportion of patients who had used oral contraceptives during the month before admission was significantly higher among infarction patients than among controls (p less than .001). The relative risk was estimated as 4.5 to 1. The proportion of those who had ever used oral contraceptives was higher (p less than .01). Cigarette smoking was reported more often by patients with infarction than by controls. A higher ratio of patients with infarction than controls had been treated for hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, and obesity. Blood lipids were examined in 44 patients and 84 controls. Mean levels of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were definitely higher in patients who had had infarctions. The estimated yearly hospital admission rate for nonfatal myocardial infraction is 2.1 per 100,000 married women aged 30-39 years who do not use oral contraceptives and 5.6 per 100,000 for married women of this age who do. In the 40-44 year age group the rates are 9.9 and 56.9 per 100,000 respectively. Risk estimates suggest that the combined effects of factors is synergistic. When other risk factors exist, different methods of contraception are advised.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice. 116 93

We investigated 219 deaths from myocardial infarction in women under the age of 50. Their histories were compared with those of living age-matched controls selected from the same general practices. The frequency of use of oral contraceptives during the month before death was significantly greater in the group with infarction than during the corresponding month in the control group and the average duration of use was longer. No information of cigarette smoking was available but the proportion of women being treated for hypertension or diabetes was greater among those who died than among the controls. This did not alter the overall conclusion that the risk of fatal myocardial infarction was greater in the women using oral contraceptives, particularly in the older age groups.
 ...
PMID:Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction. 116 94

The concept of the excessive consumption of carbohydrates as a cause of many diseases of civilisation has previously been proposed under the name of the 'saccharine disease'. A review of the hospital morbidity figures for these diseases in a divisional hospital in the Fiji Islands is presented. The hospital serves a population comprised of Indians and Fijians, suggesting comparison with the province of Natal, South Africa. Indians have a higher incidence of diabetes melitus, myocardial infarction, duodenal ulcer, acute appendicitis, gallstones, renal stones and eclampsia. Their diets differ mainly in the higher consumption of refined fibre-depleted carbohydrates, and it is suggested that the association is compatible with the concept of the "saccharine disease".
 ...
PMID:Hospital morbidity in the Fiji islands with special reference to the saccharine disease. 117 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>