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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the last few years there is a more frequent appearance of papers which suggest the viral etiology of juvenile diabetes mellitus, where the mumps virus is primarily pointed to as the etiological factor. Since there is a high incidence of diabetes in our Province as well as the presence of an epidemic appearance of mumps infections, we were of the opinion that there was good reason for us to study the influence of mumps infection on glucose tolerance. With our research we have proved that mumps leads to the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism and this is the case not only in the acute stage of infection but also in the course of a two-year follow-up, and they develop as a consequence of the direct influence of the virus on the beta cells of the pancreas. Glucose tolerance disturbances were not in correlation with the changes on the exocrine part of the pancreas neither in the acute stage nor in reconvalescence. Hereditary factors also didn't influence the more frequent appearance of these disturbances in persons with a hereditary disease, which was confirmed statistically also (X2 = 0.67). By research we have proved that disturbances which take the course of the "slow virus infection" type also occur and that they are statistically more significant (X2 = 22.31) in relation to the glucose tolerance disturbances which develop due to a direct activity of the mumps virus.
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PMID:[Mumps infection and disorders of glucose tolerance]. 180 88

The role of socioeconomic and anthropometric indicators, tobacco, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and medical history in the etiology of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) was examined in a hospital-based case-control study, conducted in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy, between 1985 and 1990. A total of 88 STS cases (53 males and 35 females; median age: 52 years) and of 610 controls (306 males and 304 females; median age: 54 years) were interviewed. There were significant excess risks associated with a history of herpes zoster infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-5.3), chicken pox (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.2-4.3) and mumps in childhood (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.1-3.9). History of diabetes was also linked to a nonsignificant increase in STS risk (OR = 1.8, CI = 0.6-5.4), whereas exposure to radiation for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes was not related to the probability of developing STS. None of the investigated socioeconomic and anthropometric indicators seemed to affect STS risk; neither did tobacco smoking, nor consumption of alcohol, coffee, and tea beverages. Conversely, among the dietary habits investigated, a significant positive association emerged with an increasing frequency of consumption of dairy products (chi 2 for trend = 6.8, P less than 0.01) and oil (chi 2 for trend = 4.3, P less than 0.05), while a negative association was seen for intake of whole grain bread and pasta (OR for highest cf lowest tertile = 0.4, CI = 0.2-0.9).
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PMID:Non-occupational risk factors for adult soft-tissue sarcoma in northern Italy. 187 45

The primary aim of the study was to evaluate practice differences in reported morbidity in the second and third national morbidity surveys (1970/71, 1981/82) and to discuss their cause. A secondary aim concerned the validation of trends identified from analysis of the data from the total populations in the practices. Altogether 19 practices participated in both surveys. Annual prevalences (that is, the number of patients attending the general practitioner with a condition per 1000 persons at risk) were examined for: all conditions; each of three categories of seriousness of disease; diseases aggregated by chapter of the International classification of diseases; and each of 130 rubrics of the disease classification. Annual prevalence for 'all conditions' was approximately the same for males in both surveys, whereas for females there was an increase. In both sexes, annual prevalence for 'serious conditions' increased slightly and for 'trivial conditions' increased substantially. For 'intermediate conditions', there was a modest decrease in males. In the analysis at ICD chapter level, substantial increases in prevalence occurred in infectious diseases, nervous system diseases, circulatory diseases, genitourinary diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions, injuries and poisonings. Decreases were found in blood diseases, mental disorders and digestive diseases. Among 130 individual conditions examined, increased annual prevalence was found for mumps, fungal infections, hypothyroidism, diabetes, gout, senile dementia, angina, left heart failure, catarrh, hay fever and asthma, orchitis, acne, osteoarthritis and for some symptoms. Decreases were found for iron deficiency anaemia, anxiety state, refractive errors, haemorrhoids, chronic bronchitis, functional disorders of the stomach, carbuncle and skin infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in practice morbidity between the 1970 and 1981 national morbidity surveys. 187 71

In a nationwide incident case referent study we have evaluated vaccinations, early and recent infections and the use of medicines as possible risk determinants for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood. A total of 339 recently onset diabetic and 528 referent children, age 0-14 years, were included. Information about infections was collected from a mailed questionnaire and about vaccinations from childhood health care centres and schools. When vaccinations were considered as possible risk factors for diabetes, a significant decrease in relative risk estimated as odds ratio (OR) was noted for measles vaccination (OR = 0.69; 95% confidence limits 0.48-0.98). For vaccination against tuberculosis, smallpox, tetanus, whooping cough, rubella and mumps no significant effect on OR for diabetes was found. The odds ratios for Type 1 diabetes for children exposed to 0.1-2 or over 2 infections during the last year before diagnosis of diabetes revealed a linear increase (OR = 1.0, 1.96 and 2.55 for 0, 1-2 and over 2 infections, respectively). The trend was still significant when standardized for possible confounders such as age and sex of the children, maternal age and education and intake of antibiotics and analgetics. In conclusion, a protective effect of measles vaccination for Type 1 diabetes in childhood is indicated as well as a possible causal relationship between the onset of the disease and the total load of recent infections.
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PMID:The Swedish childhood diabetes study. Vaccinations and infections as risk determinants for diabetes in childhood. 188 89

The authors analyzed epidemiological data of 157 type I diabetes patients living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mean age at the time of study 16 +/- 8.1 years (arithmetic mean +/- standard deviation) and the age at the time of the diagnosis was 12.5 +/- 7.4 years. The diabetes history span was 3.1 +/- 4.3 years and the interval between appearance of symptoms and diagnosis was 30.7 +/- 30.4 days. Neither seasonal nor sex dependent differences were observed, but there was an inverse correlation between the average monthly temperature in Rio de Janeiro and the number of newly diagnosed cases. A first grade family history was positive in 15.9% of patients (11% of type I diabetes). The autoimmunity history was positive in 4.1% of patients (mainly thyroid disease). An infectious disease history was positive in 7% of patients (mainly mumps). Our data suggests that some epidemiological aspects, observed among type I brazilian diabetic patients of a mixed genetic background, are similar to those observed in other populational groups of different ethnic origins.
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PMID:[Analysis of various epidemiological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus type I in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. 196 72

Nucleic acid sequences specific for human cytomegalovirus (CMV) were found in samples of pancreatic tissue from patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. RNA extracted from paraffin-embedded or fresh-frozen specimens from 14 of 32 (44%) diabetic patients but from none of 49 non-diabetic controls reacted with 10 kb (pJN201) or 6.6 kb (pCM3) probes of human CMV immediate-early or late gene products, respectively. The RNA from the 32 diabetic patients did not react with nucleic acid probes for mumps, rubella, or coxsackie B viruses. In-situ nucleic acid hybridisation on tissues from 5 randomly selected human-CMV-positive patients showed that the human CMV signal was localised primarily in the islets of Langerhans and not in exocrine cells. Despite the clear viral nucleic acid signal in tissues of human-CMV-positive patients, there were no morphological injuries to the islets, no inflammatory cells in the islets, and no perivascular inflammatory cell cuffing. These findings suggest a possible association of human CMV with type 2 diabetes in human beings.
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PMID:Detection of cytomegalovirus nucleic acid sequences in pancreas in type 2 diabetes. 197 50

A group of 55 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aged from 8 to 40 years, was followed and compared to a group of controls, in view of detecting a possible relation between the presence of inframicrobial agents and diabetes pathogenesis. The investigations revealed, in patients, significantly higher positivity rate of antibodies against mumps (27% versus 16.3% in controls), parainfluenza type 1 (45.4% versus 29.1%) and Epstein-Barr (54.5% versus 10.9%) viruses, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (43.6 versus 18.2%).
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PMID:[Inframicrobiological research on cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 222 56

A major part of the T lymphocyte response to mumps and Coxsackie B4 virus appears to be restricted by HLA-DR associated restriction elements. This was further corroborated in inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibodies reactive with different HLA class II molecules. Only antibodies reactive with DR molecules significantly inhibited the response. The frequencies of DR restricted antigen-reactive T lymphocytes (ARTL) to mumps and Coxsackie B4 virus were then investigated, using a limiting dilution assay. A decreased frequency of DR3 restricted ARTL to mumps and Coxsackie B4 was found compared to ARTL restricted by other DR associated elements. In contrast, an increased frequency of DR4 restricted ARTL to mumps and Coxsackie B4 was found. The results were similar for healthy individuals and Type 1 diabetic patients. No correlation was found between DR restriction elements and the frequencies of ARTL to varicella-zoster or PPD. The studies indicate that HLA-DR3 and DR4, which are associated with Type 1 diabetes, have a different regulatory function on the proliferative T lymphocyte response to mumps and Coxsackie B4.
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PMID:T lymphocyte responses to Coxsackie B4 and mumps virus. II. Immunoregulation by HLA-DR3 and -DR4 associated restriction elements. 241 85

The proliferative T lymphocyte responses to two different mumps antigen preparations, S (nucleocapsid) and V (viral envelope), were characterized. Eight patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus were all found to be responders to S and V mumps antigen. Among the 64 healthy individuals, 52 were classified as responders to the S antigen and 50 responders to the V antigen. No difference was found between T lymphocytes from Type 1 diabetic patients and those from healthy individuals as regards the effect of indomethacin on the mumps-specific response. The majority of the mumps-specific T lymphocytes seemed to be restricted by epitopes on the HLA-DR molecules. The frequency of mumps antigen-reactive T lymphocytes (ARTL) was found to be low when the response was restricted by DR3-associated elements, and high when it was restricted by DR4-associated elements, compared to the frequency of ARTL when other DR-associated elements restricted the mumps-specific response. For the majority of the individuals tested, the DR-associated hypo- and hyper-responsiveness was found with both the S and the V mumps antigens.
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PMID:HLA control of the proliferative T lymphocyte response to antigenic determinants on mumps virus. Studies of healthy individuals and patients with type 1 diabetes. 241 8

To study incidence and cause of hyperamylasemia in various diseases, serum amylase was determined in 1371 consecutive patients and subsequent isoamylase analysis was carried out in 91 hyperamylasemic sera. Hyperamylasemia was observed in various diseases: acute pancreatitis (5/5), chronic pancreatitis (0/3), mumps (3/3), cerebrovascular diseases (2/39), respiratory diseases (6/69), heart diseases (5/89), liver diseases (16/101), cholelithiasis (0/13), diabetes mellitus (2/66), peptic ulcer (0/46), other digestive diseases (0/33), malignant tumor (9/249), renal failure (21/25), intraabdominal surgery (9/35), extraabdominal surgery (2/20), trauma (1/23), and miscellaneous (10/552). Salivary type hyperamylasemia due to dominant increase of salivary type isoamylase occurred in over half of the hyperamylasemic patients. Knowledge of hyperamylasemia in various diseases and routine isoamylase analysis of hyperamylasemic sera would enhance diagnostic accuracy and exclude unnecessary treatment of pancreatitis solely because of the presence of hyperamylasemia.
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PMID:Clinical value of routine isoamylase analysis of hyperamylasemia. 242 26


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