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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetic diarrhea and steatorrhea occur predominantly in young adult males who have juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus complicated by neuropathy. The presentation is often severe, with nocturnal or postprandial watery diarrhea and tenesmus. Massive malabsorption of fat may occur; however, malabsorption of other nutrients and generalized wasting are quite rare. Because the symptoms are relatively refractory to treatment, it is important to rule out other, more easily treatable causes of this presentation. Bacterial overgrowth, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and celiac disease are also associated with diabetes mellitus and can mimic this process. Although the mechanism of diabetic diarrhea and steatorrhea remains unclear, neuropathy, gastrointestinal motor abnormalities, bacterial overgrowth, and bile acid abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis.
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PMID:Small intestinal manifestations of diabetes mellitus. 665 61

An 18-year-old woman presented with diabetes, pancreatic calcification and evidence of malabsorption. The features of calcific pancreatitis unrelated to alcohol consumption are discussed.
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PMID:Pancreatic calcification not due to alcohol consumption. A case report. 671 Feb 57

Segmental allografts of the body and tail of the pancreas have been carried out in pigs using an open duct technique. Diabetes was induced by total pancreatectomy. Control animals on no immunosuppression survived an average of 17 days while animals receiving CyA survived 30 days. In the CyA group those with adequate serum levels of CyA survived 46 days while those with low levels survived 18 days. Once the animal became diabetic rejection was not reversible. In this model complement dependent cytotoxicity was more useful than lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity in predicting rejection. However the rejected pancreas showed intensive mononuclear infiltration. Malabsorption resulting from total pancreatectomy used to induce diabetes may have contributed to the erratic CyA absorption. Prolonged and relatively normal pancreatic allograft function is possible, but adequate CyA levels must be achieved and maintained. Monitoring of serum levels is essential.
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PMID:Immune response to transplanted pancreas in pigs. 676 21

No statistical increase in the prevalence of either diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or primary hyperparathyrodism was found among the hip fracture patient population. Since the relative risks for these diseases is small, the statistics suggest that these conditions are either noncontributory or represent only a minor risk factor in the overall pathogenesis of hip fractures. About 20% of the hip fracture patients had a history of other identifiable risk factors such as thyrotoxicosis, hemiplegia, malabsorption syndromes and corticosteroid therapy. Of these conditions only thyrotoxicosis could be evaluated by comparison of prevalence rates, and a significant increase was found among the fracture patients. A highly significant correlation was found between the side of a previous hemiplegia and side of he subsequent hip fracture; this may be due to the development of disuse osteoporosis in the hemiplegic limb. Recent reports have shown that a reduction in the number of hip fractures is associated with a high calcium intake or prophylactic estrogen therapy. Preventive therapy in patients with hemiplegia, thyrotoxicosis, or other predisposing conditions leading to osteopenia might result in a further reduction of the hip fracture rate.
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PMID:Examination of prevalence rates of possible risk factors in a population with a fracture of the proximal femur. 689 15

Acarbose (Bay g 5421) is a powerful alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor of potential value in the treatment of diabetes and hypoglycemic dumping syndrome after gastric surgery. The extent of its use may be limited by symptoms produced by carbohydrate malabsorption. To minimize these, the action of low doses of acarbose on 24-h blood glucose profiles and hydrogen evolution have been studied on four ambulant volunteers on control diets, after exclusion of sucrose and also after addition of guar in an attempt to enhance the therapeutic effect. Replacement of dietary sucrose by starch abolished significant hydrogen evolution in the morning after low doses of acarbose but did not reduce its effectiveness in decreasing the mean three-meal blood glucose area by 41% (P less than 0.002). Addition of hydrated guar to this diet reduced the mean three-meal glucose area after acarbose further by 72% (P less than 0.001) but increased hydrogen evolution. The results suggest that acarbose will be both effective and acceptable given at low dose when the dietary carbohydrate is starch.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Effect of acarbose on the 24-hour blood glucose profile and pattern of carbohydrate absorption. 692 27

Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) is synthesized in vivo from absorbed dietary chromium, and acts as a physiological enhancer of insulin activity, binding to insulin and potentiating its action about three-fold. Since GTF is well absorbed orally, the development of sufficiently concentrated and stable supplementary sources of this agent may enable convenient and physiologically appropriate pharmacological modulation of insulin activity. A review of the numerous physiological actions of insulin suggests a number of therapeutic applications for GTF, in such diverse ailments as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, reactive hypoglycemia, obesity, cancer, protein malnutrition or malabsorption, endogenous depression, Parkinsonism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. GTF supplementation may also have value in preventive medicine.
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PMID:The therapeutic potential of glucose tolerance factor. 700 27

A review of 295 patients with autoimmune Addison's disease which occurred as part of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is presented. Information of 41 cases was obtained from our clinics and from the examination of medical records, while 254 cases were culled from the literature. We report that autoimmune Addison's disease in association with other autoimmune diseases occurs in at least two distinct types. Addison's disease occurring in Type I polyglandular autoimmune disease (PGA) is associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and/or acquired hypoparathyroidism. The age of onset is predominately in childhood or in the early adult years. Type I PGA syndrome is also frequently associated with chronic active hepatitis, malabsorption, juvenile onset pernicious anemia, alopecia and primary hypogonadism. Insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease are infrequent. In contrast, Addison's disease in Type II PGA is associated with insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease(s). Although the age of onset of Addison's disease in Type II PGA syndrome is not confined to any age group or any specific sex, it occurs predominately in the middle years of life in females. The associated autoimmune diseases found in Type I disease, such as chronic active hepatitis, etc. (see table II) are rare in Type II PGA disease except for a low frequency of gonadal failure. We provide evidence to support the concept that the Addison's diseases in Type I and II PGA syndromes have different genetic bases, as related to HLA haplotypes, and possibly have different underlying pathogeneses.
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PMID:Two types of autoimmune Addison's disease associated with different polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes. 702 19

Several vitamins have been demonstrated to interfere with the pathogenesis of some metabolic diseases, mainly by three different mechanisms: 1) vitamin malabsorption, 2) errors in vitamin metabolism, 3) vitamin dependent syndromes. The latter is due to a deficiency of the apoenzyme whose coenzyme is the vitamin itself. In this case pharmacological, instead of nutritional doses of the vitamin may be needed. The vitamins which interfere with inborn metabolic errors are reviewed; for each vitamin the corresponding diseases which may be treated are indicated. The vitamins are: 1) thiamine (leucinosis); b) nicotinic acid (hyperlipoproteinemia); c) biotin (beta-methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria, propionic aciduria); d) pyridoxine (infantile convulsions, familial pyridoxine responsive anemia, homocystinuria, cystathioninuria, xanthurenicaciduria); e) cobalamins (congenital intrinsic factor deficiency, cobalamin malabsorption, transcobalamin deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria) f) folic acid (congenital folic acid malabsorption, formimino-transferase deficiency, methylenetetrahydrofolic reductase deficiency, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome); g) vitamin D (phosphatic diabetes, Prader's type rickets, Albright's syndrome; essential hereditary hypophosphatemia, etc). It is noteworthy that the vitamin therapy of these diseases, not only corrects the metabolic errors, but can also promote the healing or the amelioration of the psycho-physical growth, of central nervous system alterations and of other lesions.
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PMID:[Vitamins in metabolic diseases]. 702 68

Fifty-gram carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed on healthy volunteers to test the activity and specificity of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY g 5421). Two hundred milligrams acarbose reduced the area under the blood glucose response curve by 89% (P less than 0.001) after sucrose by 80% (P less than 0.002) after starch, by 19% (N.S.) after maltose, with no effect on glucose. Breath hydrogen measurements indicated an almost complete malabsorption of the sucrose. At 50 mg acarbose, some reduction in blood glucose and insulin response to sucrose was still seen, but no significant hydrogen production. It is suggested that at lower doses, acarbose may prolong the time course over which carbohydrate is absorbed as does dietary fiber; as with fiber, it may be a useful adjunct to diabetic therapy.
Diabetes 1981 Nov
PMID:Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. 702 48

Resection of about 50% of the small intestine was performed in rats diabetised with streptozotocin. The first results show that this operation leads to normalisation of sugar metabolism that is partly referable to partial malabsorption, but above all to loss of weight. Current knowledge with regard to the relation between diabetes and obesity is discussed and an account is given of the modern surgical approaches to the treatment of major obesity. Lastly, the suggestion is made that limited digestive bypass may be indicated in cases of insulin-independent diabetes where weight loss and control of blood sugar cannot readily be achieved by conventional medical management.
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PMID:[Euglycemizing effect of partial jejuno-ileal resection in rats treated with streptozotocin]. 723 69


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