Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mucormycosis is an uncommon infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. During an 8-year period, mucormycosis was diagnosed in 13 patients from three Madrid hospitals. There were 8 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 21 to 75 years (mean 45 years). There were several underlying diseases, and 4 patients had more than one. Five had diabetes mellitus, 4 chronic renal failure, 2 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 2 were narcotic abusers and were infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 was a carrier of a renal allograft and 1 had systemic necrotizing vasculitis. There were different clinical presentations: rhino-orbital in 3, paranasal in 2, cutaneous in 2, pulmonary in 2, primary cerebral in 2, rhinocerebral in 1, and peritoneal in 1. The diagnosis was made during the first week in 6 patients, in the second week in 4, and it was delayed for more than one month in 2. Fresh examination of clinical samples was carried out in 3 patients and hyphae were visualized in all 3. Cultures were taken in 10 patients and they were positive in 7. All isolates were identified as Rhizopus sp. One patient died within 24 hours without being treated, 12 were treated with amphotericin B and 9 received surgical therapy. Six patients (46%) died. The involvement of central nervous system and the absence of surgical therapy were associated with a poor outcome. These results indicate that mucormycosis can develop in several clinical contexts and has a varying clinical presentation. It is a potentially curable infections when early diagnosed and appropriately treated.
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PMID:[Mucormycosis. The disease spectrum in 13 patients]. 239 7

Since 1982, we have performed 384 courses of CHOP chemotherapy for 89 patients with malignancy including 70 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, adhering to the original regimen as strictly as possible. As severe acute reactions, myelosuppression, fever, arrhythmia, hemorrhagic cystitis, and perforation of duodenal ulcer were seen. Rates of fever had no tendency to increase with advancing age. Three patients only with diabetes mellitus had no severe side effects. Three patients with liver cirrhosis showed severe myelosuppression and fever. One patient both with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus died from the infection due to CHOP chemotherapy, however the other febrile patients did not have life threatening infection. Thirty three percent (11/33 courses) of the patients with obesity experienced severe myelosuppression (WBC less than 1,000), while 55% (33/60 courses) of the patients without obesity. However satisfactory treatment results were not obtained in the patients with obesity. We consider that CHOP chemotherapy is excellent in feasibility even for the aged patients or the patients with diabetes mellitus. However, we suggest that the dose of CHOP chemotherapy should be reduced for the patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Feasibility of CHOP chemotherapy--with special reference to age, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and obesity]. 273 36

ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase (TK) is a cellular enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, activated during the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. Elevated TK serum levels can be found in cancer patients due to the active proliferation of tumor cells. TK serum activity was tested by a radioenzymatic technique (Prolifigen TK REA, Sangtec Medical, Sweden) based on the conversion of 125 I deoxyuridine to 125 I deoxyuridine monophosphate. A total of 181 patients were enrolled in this study: 133 lymphomas (Hodgkin, HL and Non-Hodgkin, NHL) 48 benign diseases including acute (n = 17) and chronic inflammatory diseases (n = 13), myocardial infarction (n = 11), liver cirrhosis (n = 2), renal failures (n = 2), and diabetes (n = 3). Lymphoma patients were classified according to the Ann Arbor staging system, and 103 NHL patients were classified according to the Working Formulation histologic grade (21 low, 72 intermediate, and 10 high grade lymphomas). The patients were treated with standard chemo-radiotherapeutic protocols according to the stage and the histologic grade; the evaluation of the response to the treatments and the follow-up were performed according to the serial examinations currently used in our Institute. Given a TK cut-off of 5 U/L, the diagnostic sensitivity of TK test at lymphoma presentation was 81.8% and 75.7% in HL and NHL patients, respectively. Values exceeding 50 U/L were found only in NHL patients. The overall sensitivity of TK resulted higher than that of LDH (16.7%), copper (42.6%), IgG (23.5%), IgM (26.8%) and IgA (9.8%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Thymidine kinase (TK) activity as a prognostic parameter of survival in lymphoma patients. 766 Aug 54

The clinicopathologic features of 23 patients with hematophagic histiocytosis (HH) are described. All of them exhibited increased histiocytes associated with hemophagocytosis in the marrow. The patients usually presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and cytopenia. The underlying illnesses were heterogeneous, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 17, systemic lupus erythematosus in one, diabetes mellitus in one, acute myelomonocytic leukemia in one, myelodysplastic syndrome in one, and unknown cause in two. Among 17 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 14 were peripheral T-cell lymphoma, two were B-cell lymphoma, and one was an undefined phenotype. Among 14 patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, six of the patients had nasal T-cell lymphoma. Five of these 14 patients initially diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis turned out to be T-lineage lymphoma after immunophenotypic studies. Active infections, most of viral origin, were documented in eight patients, including Epstein-Barr virus in three, cytomegalovirus in three, herpes simplex virus in three, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one, Bacteroides vulgatus in one, and mycoplasma in one. Some of them had mixed virus and bacteria infection. Sixteen (70%) of our patients died of their acute illness within 10 weeks of the diagnosis of HH. In the past, the clinical and histologic differentiation between hematophagic histiocytosis and true histiocytic neoplasm (histiocytic medullary reticulosis/malignant histiocytosis) has proved difficult, but now these can be distinguished with immunohistologic, immunogenetic, and cytogenetic studies, especially in the cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with hemophagocytic syndrome.
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PMID:Hematophagic histiocytosis: a clinicopathologic analysis of 23 cases with special reference to the association with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. 792 83

The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is expressed on proliferating T-lymphocytes following antigen stimulation. Activated IL-2R bearing lymphocytes accumulate as cellular infiltrates in autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and graft rejection. Affected cells in Hodgkin's disease, hairy cell leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and lymphoid blast crises of chronic myeloid leukaemia also express IL-2R. Anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies or chimeric IL-2R toxins provide a way of selective elimination of such cells. These have been used in experimental models of autoimmunity and transplantation with beneficial results, providing a novel way of selective immunosuppression. In open uncontrolled trials, chimeric IL-2R toxin was found to be safe and effective in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and IL-2R bearing leukaemias and lymphomas.
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PMID:Immunomodulation by interleukin-2 receptor targeted therapy. 801 99

Generalized or localized itch without primary skin manifestations may be the presenting symptom of serious internal diseases. Five characteristic cases of pruritus are discussed: Hodgkin's disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, polycythemia vera, iron deficiency (with pica), and uremia. Other important causes must be considered; all forms of cholestasis, including primary biliary cirrhosis, drug-induced, pregnancy-related, and extrahepatic cholestasis; other hematologic and malignant disorders such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, solid tumors, and myelodysplastic syndromes; metabolic and endocrine diseases, most notably diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and carcinoid syndrome; focal neurologic diseases such as brain tumors, cerebral infarctions and multiple sclerosis; adverse drug reactions without rash; infectious diseases, especially parasitic and HIV infections. A diagnostic laboratory screening for pruritus of undetermined origin is suggested.
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PMID:[Pruritus--also a challenge in internal medicine]. 852 44

A 71-year-old patient with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma stage IVB, severe lactic acidosis and tumor-associated hypoglycemia is described. Endocrine causes of hypoglycemic episodes were excluded because of low serum concentrations of insulin and "insulin-like growth factor 1", and normal concentrations of growth hormone and thyroid hormone. Clinical conditions associated with lactic acidosis such as diabetes mellitus, biguanide intoxication, septicemia, acute hypoxemia, or circulatory insufficiency were ruled out. Enhanced glucose metabolism within the tumor was visualized by positron emission tomography employing 2-fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) as a tracer. A markedly elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level was found which decreased after cytoreductive therapy paralleling the normalization of serum lactate. In contrast to the majority of cases of lymphoma-associated lactic acidoses reviewed to date, in our case lactate elimination was not reduced.
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PMID:Lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in a patient with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and elevated circulating TNF-alpha. 859 16

The cohort consisted of 11,178 Mead Corporation employees (9,358 males and 1,820 females) who had worked for at least one year between January 1, 1975 and December 31, 1992 at seven pulp and/or paper mills in the United States. The vital status of the cohort was determined through a variety of sources over an observation period of 17 years (1976-1992). Mortality data were analyzed in terms of cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), with expected deaths based on U.S. national mortality rates. Job categories with similar exposures were created based on an historical exposure assessment. Mortality analyses were performed separately for total female and male employees. Among female employees, overall mortality was less than expected, and no significant cause-specific mortality excesses were observed. The small number of deaths among female employees did not permit further detailed analyses. Among male employees, statistically significant deficits from overall mortality (SMR = 69.0) and from all cancers (SMR = 71.3) were reported. In addition, low mortality risks for many specific causes were also observed, including many specific cancer sites, various types of cardiovascular diseases, and different forms of nonmalignant respiratory diseases. In particular, there was no mortality excess from lung cancer (SMR = 77.5), digestive cancer (SMR = 69.4), stomach cancer (SMR = 46.7), laryngeal cancer (no observed death), rectal cancer (SMR = 82.8). Hodgkin's lymphoma (no observed death), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR = 103.6), leukemia (SMR = 72.2), diabetes mellitus (SMR = 110.4), ischemic heart disease (SMR = 80.0), and nonmalignant respiratory diseases (SMR = 36.7). Furthermore, detailed analyses by length of employment, interval since hire (latency), and job category demonstrated no occupationally related mortality increases from any of the diseases examined. Specifically, based on internal comparisons, no upward trends in cause-specific mortality risk were observed by duration of employment. In conclusion, the results of this epidemiologic investigation demonstrated a favorable mortality experience for employees at the seven pulp and/or paper mills.
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of employees at seven pulp and paper mills. 889 92

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is tightly linked to the muscle-type glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) gene in 11q13. This region of the human genome contains additional disease-related loci implicated in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, familial paraganglioma type 2, spinocerebellar ataxia type 5, Bardet-Biedl syndrome and translocation t(11;17) described in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We approached cloning of candidate disease genes from 11q13 by large-scale genomic sequencing. We obtained > 106 kb of sequence around the PYGM gene and established a transcriptional map that includes: (i) two genes previously localized to 11q13, PYGM and a zinc-finger protein (ZFM1) gene; (ii) the germinal center kinase (GCK, human B-lymphocyte serine/threonine protein kinase) gene; (iii) a novel human CDC25-like (HCDC25L) gene; (iv) a dystrophia myotonica protein kinase-like (DMPKL) gene; and (v) a novel ubiquitously expressed gene of unknown function (germinal center kinase- neighboring gene, GCKNG).
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PMID:The germinal center kinase gene and a novel CDC25-like gene are located in the vicinity of the PYGM gene on 11q13. 934 81

A population-based series of patients with cancer is likely to comprise more patients with serious co-morbidity than clinical trials because of restrictive eligibility criteria for the latter. Since co-morbidity may influence decision-making, we studied the age-specific prevalence of co-morbidity and its relationship to applied treatment. Data on all 194 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and on 904 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed between 1993 and 1996 were derived from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. In the age-group below 60 years, 87% of patients with HD and 80% with NHL did not have a co-morbid condition. The prevalence of serious co-morbidity was 56% for patients with Hodgkin's disease who were 60 years and over and 43% and 61% for non Hodgkin patients who were 60-69 years and 70 years and over, respectively. The most common co-morbid conditions were cardiovascular disease (18%), hypertension (13%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 13%), and diabetes mellitus (10%) for elderly Hodgkin's patients. For non-Hodgkin's patients of 60-69 years and 70 years and over, cardiovascular disease (15 and 22%, respectively), hypertension (14 and 14%, respectively), COPD (6 and 10% respectively), and diabetes mellitus (8 and 10%, respectively) were the most prevalent co-morbid conditions. The presence of co-morbidity was not related to stage or grade of disease at diagnosis. In the presence of co-morbidity, 50% less chemotherapy was administered to elderly patients with Hodgkin's disease and 10-15% less to elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The presence of co-morbidity was associated with a decreased overall survival within the first 4 months after diagnosis in both Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for all age-groups. In conclusion, serious co-morbidity was found for more than half of all lymphoma patients who were 60 years and older. Elderly patients with serious co-morbidity received chemotherapy less often, which is likely to affect survival adversely, as was indicated by a decreased survival within the first 4 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:Prevalence of co-morbidity and its relationship to treatment among unselected patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1993-1996. 1046 43


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