Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In chronic active hepatitis (CAH, n=58) 70% of the HBsAg negative and 48% of the HBsAg positive cases showed a CMI against human liver specific proteins (HLPI). Using HBsAg as antigen only 12% of the HBsAg negative and 24% of the HBsAg positive cases gave a CMI response. On the basis of HBsAg and autoantibodies in the serum CAH patients could be divided into 4 subgroups. A close correlation between CMI against HLPI, sex, ANA and HL-A-8 could be detected. In a follow-up study of patients with acute virus B hepatitis (n=62) CMI against HBsAg was detected in 60% of the cases in the acute phase of the disease but in 15% only 3-6 months after the onset of the illness (n=40). In patients who developed a chronic HBsAg carrier status 3 of 5 cases remained persistently positive with HLPI as antigen in the migration inhibition test. - In non-hepatic diseases in which immunological abnormalities may be present (malignant diseases n=46, diabetes mellitus n=27, active tuberculosis, n=18 and untreated systemic lupus erythematodes, n=5) only 26% of patients with malignant diseases showed a migration inhibition with HLPI. - Using different antigens such as human liver specific proteins (HLP), rabbit liver specific proteins (RLP), brucella suis antigen and tuberculin it was possible to demonstrate the validity of the two-step migration inhibition test to detect CMI. The results with different antigens in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases demonstrated that cell-mediated immunity of HLPI is an organ specific immune reaction which is associated with acute and chronic active liver diseases as a time limited or long-lasting phenomenon. Positive reactions in some tumor patients suggest that different mechanisms may elicit an autoimmune reaction against liver antigens.
 ...
PMID:Organ-specificity and diagnostic value of cell-mediated immunity against a liver-specific membrane protein: studies in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases. 108 22

Membranous nephropathy (MN) accounts for about 20 percent of cases of the nephrotic syndrome. The importance of renal biopsy in establishing the diagnosis is emphasized. In the great majority of MN patients, no etiologic factor can be discerned. In a significant minority, MN appears to be a manifestation of sarcoidosis, diabetes, lupus, syphilis, malaria, or toxicity from heavy metals or drugs. In some cases the "cause" is neoplasia (including lymphoma) or a viral infection. Massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and edema are the principal manifestations of MN, finally resulting in renal failure. Treatment consists chiefly of diet and diuretic drugs. In the more pronounced cases, corticosteroids may have a favorable effect and in very resistant cases, cyclophosphamide is indicated. Judicious use of these modalities if often associated with the diminution or disappearance of the clinical signs of MN.
 ...
PMID:Membranous nephropathy: an overview. 120 87

T cell activation is dependent upon calcium influx and protein kinase C activation, with subsequent lymphocyte proliferation dependent upon IL-2. Abnormalities in T cell proliferation, including abnormal calcium influx and defective protein kinase C activation, have been identified in aged mice and humans and many autoimmune diseases including diabetes, lupus and scleroderma. Since UCD line 200 chickens, which spontaneously develop a scleroderma-like disease, have both thymic defects and a diminished peripheral blood lymphocyte response to IL-2, we have further investigated T cell function in these birds. Interestingly, line 200 T cells respond poorly in vitro to a variety of diversely acting T cell mitogens including concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and anti-chicken CD3 monoclonal antibody. Moreover, they do not respond well even to phorbol myristate acetate in conjunction with ionomycin. Addition of exogenous IL-2-containing supernatant concurrently with mitogenic stimulation also had no significant effect. Analysis of intracellular free calcium demonstrated that the lymphocytes from diseased birds had a reduced influx of calcium (or release for intracellular stores) following stimulation. These data clearly reflect a unique defect in T cell activation associated with avian scleroderma. Analysis of chicken CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression revealed a 39% decrease in peripheral blood CD4+ cells in scleroderma birds, although this decrease was not sufficient to explain the 80-90% decrease observed in proliferation assays and calcium influx. Our data support the hypothesis that avian scleroderma is mediated via abnormal function of lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules or intracellular calcium regulators.
 ...
PMID:Avian scleroderma: evidence for qualitative and quantitative T cell defects. 138 34

Acquired hypercoagulable states comprise a diverse group of clinical conditions that are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. These clinical conditions include malignancy, diabetes mellitus, venous stasis, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, lupus anticoagulant, postoperative state, immobilization, myeloproliferative disorders, and nephrotic syndrome. Recognition of these associations, possible underlying mechanisms, identification of high risk individuals, thromboembolic prophylaxis, and other clinical implications are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Acquired hypercoagulable states. 139 74

Thirty-six hypertensive patients with impaired renal function entered a long-term study to assess the safety of perindopril. There were 28 men and 8 women of mean age 57.1 +/- 2.0 years (mean +/- SEM). The duration of documented hypertension was 7.3 +/- 1.2 years. Perindopril was given orally in single daily doses. The initial dosage was chosen according to the degree of renal function impairment: 29 patients received 4 mg o.d. [creatinine clearance (Clcr), 42.2 +/- 3.2 ml.min-1] and 7 patients received 2 mg o.d. (Clcr, 22.3 +/- 3.1 ml.min-1). Patients in whom blood pressure was not controlled had their dose doubled and then, if necessary, an additional diuretic therapy was added at subsequent visits. Six patients were withdrawn for adverse events (myocardial infarction, pneumonia, leucopenia in a patient who had lupus, diabetes mellitus, skin rash, epigastric pain), two patients were withdrawn for poor compliance, and three for personal convenience. The mean duration of treatment was 10.2 months with a range of 3-12 months (excluding one patient who died from myocardial infarction in the first days of the study and was not included in the analysis). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (from 170.5/100.6 +/- 3.4/1.8 mm Hg to 151.8/88.8 +/- 3.0/1.7 mm Hg, n = 35, p less than 0.001). Baseline and final values of plasma creatinine (from 223.7 +/- 22.7 to 234.7 +/- 28.5 mumols/l), Clcr (42.5 +/- 3.2 to 45.7 +/- 4.6 ml.min-1), and kalemia (from 4.4 +/- 0.1 to 4.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) were not statistically different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Long-term tolerance of perindopril in hypertensive patients with impaired renal function. 172 1

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, in which major histocompatibility complex genes may be involved in the susceptibility to diabetes, has been developed as a model of autoimmune diabetes. The NOD mouse expresses I-A-encoded class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, which differ from those of other mouse haplotypes by the presence of a serine at position 57 of the A beta chain. Identifying islet autoantigens may help elucidate the role of class II antigens in the activation of autoreactive T cells and, thus, in the development of diabetes. We have detected autoantibodies directed against a 58-kDa islet cell antigen in NOD mice but not in other strains, including lupus-prone mice. Apart from insulin-secreting cells, the 58-kDa antigen was only found to be expressed by neuroblastoma cells and was identified as peripherin, an intermediate filament protein previously characterized in well-defined neuronal populations. This autoantigen cross-reacted with I-Anod class II antigens, suggesting that it may contribute to defective self-tolerance of islet beta cells in the NOD mouse.
 ...
PMID:Peripherin: an islet antigen that is cross-reactive with nonobese diabetic mouse class II gene products. 172 86

Only a few immunosuppressive drugs can be used today. These are: corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporine A, accessorily chlorambucil and methotrexate. They all have different actions on immune responses. The use of these drugs has completely changed the prognosis of autoimmune diseases such as systematic lupus erythematous, polyartheritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis. Nevertheless treatment of other autoimmune diseases, such as type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or multiple sclerosis, has been inconclusive.
 ...
PMID:[Immunosuppressive drugs and autoimmune diseases]. 175 27

In experimental membranous nephropathy, antibody binding to glomerular epithelial cell membrane antigens results in complement activation and formation of complement C5b-9 membrane attack complexes in glomeruli. During active disease, the C5b-9 complexes are shed into the urine. To test the hypothesis that a similar mechanism might be operative in human membranous nephropathy, we measured urinary excretion of C5b-9 and C5 in 146 proteinuric patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases or diabetes mellitus. Urinary excretion of C5b-9 relative to C5 excretion was higher in 40 patients with membranous nephropathy than in 106 patients with proteinuria due to non-membranous glomerulonephritis when analyzed by covariance analysis (P less than 0.0002). Urinary C5b-9 excretion was higher in membranous nephropathy than in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (N = 13, P less than 0.05), minimal change-focal sclerosis (N = 33, P less than 0.001), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (N = 9, P less than 0.02) and IgA nephropathy (N = 7, P less than 0.025). Urinary C5b-9 excretion was also higher in patients with lupus nephritis (N = 18, P less than 0.02) compared to those with non-membranous glomerulonephritis. The lupus patients with the highest excretion had clinical or pathological features of membranous nephropathy. Nine patients with membranous nephropathy and elevated urinary C5b-9 excretion had a shorter duration of disease (P less than 0.05), lower serum creatinine levels (P less than 0.05) and more proteinuria (P less than 0.02) than the 31 membranous nephropathy patients with normal values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Elevated urinary excretion of the C5b-9 complex in membranous nephropathy. 178 50

In 45 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) the modified method of the tissue thromboplastin inhibition test (TTIT) was studied. TTIT is the method of detection of the lupus anticoagulant (LA), LA, first recognized in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, is presented by a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), a slightly to moderately prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and high incidence of biological false-positive seroreactions for syphilis (BFP). In patients with LA, thrombotic events have been reported. Six of the 45 diabetic patients were TTIT-positive (13.3%). All control subjects were TTIT-negative. In the TTIT-positive diabetics APTT and PT were normal. BFP also were not observed. The difference between LA and these results in TTIT-positive diabetics remains unclear. Clinical profiles except for duration of DM between the TTIT-negative and TTIT-positive diabetics did not differ. Follow-up studies may resolve an association between the results of TTIT and DM.
 ...
PMID:The tissue thromboplastin inhibition test in diabetics without cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. 180 39

We investigated the anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in a series of patients with cerebral infarction without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLA). Clinical and laboratory data were assessed from a series of 250 non-SLE patients with cerebral infarction who visited our clinic from 1988 to 1990. The concentration of anticardiolipin IgG antibody was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. An elevated ACA level was defined as one which was greater than 3 standard deviations above the mean level for normal controls. We examined the CT findings and risk factors for stroke such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiac disease. Laboratory data such as the platelet count, the presence of lupus anticoagulant and a biologic false-positive test for syphilis were also investigated. Among the 250 patients with infarction, IgG ACA was detected in 22 (8.8%). There was no significant difference in incidence of ACA between the patients with cerebral thrombosis and those with cerebral embolism. On CT scan, multiple cerebral infarcts were noted in 18 of the 22 patients. As regards the location of the infarct, the cerebral cortex together with the basal ganglia was more common than isolated lesions of the cortex or basal ganglia. Concerning the risk factors for stroke, hypertension was noted in 12, diabetes mellitus in 2, hyperlipidemia in 2 and cardiac disease in 2. Lupus anticoagulant and thrombocytopenia were not detected in any of the cases. A biologic false-positive test for syphilis was observed in one case. Dementia was present in 12 of the 22 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Anticardiolipin antibody in cerebral infarction]. 191 23


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>