Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The discovery of many associations between HLA and human diseases has emphasized the biologic importance of the main histocompatibility system in man. The recent findings from specific immune response genes (Ir locus) mapping within the H2 region of the mouse have led to systematic study of the similar D locus mapping within the HLA region in man. In this study the frequency of a number of HLA-D antigens has been determined in normal individuals and in patients with four diseases selected in view of their genetic background: juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, grass pollinosis and acute leukemia. In each a significant association has been found with a specific HLA-D antigen: DW3 in juvenile diabetes and grass pollinosis, DW2 in multiple sclerosis, and DW7 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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PMID:[HL-A D antigens from B-lymphocytes and susceptibility to certain diseases]. 30 74

Combination chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and L-asparaginase (Asnase) was given to 22 children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) with a white-cell count greater than 30 X 10(9)/1, and other features suggestive of poor prognosis. Complete remission was induced in all patients--in 19 after 2 courses of chemotherapy and in the remainder after a third course. During induction, neutropenia occurred in 18 and severe infection in 3. Anaphylaxis to Asnase occurred in 8 patients after the second course and one other had transient Asnase-induced diabetes. All patients received central-nervous-system prophylaxis after achieving remission, during which they were also treated with weekly vincristine and a 2-week course of prednisolone. Continuation therapy consisted of short cycles of intermittent chemotherapy and BCG inoculation or long cycles of intermittent chemotherapy +/- BCG. Life-table analysis shows 46% complete remission rate at 28 months, with 6 patients all in complete remission followed up between 28 and 41 months. There were minimal complications of continuation therapy, and BCG inoculation was well tolerated.
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PMID:Treatment of childhood lymphocytic leukaemia with high white-cell counts. 72 50

A case of a 11-year girl with the acute lymphoblastic leukemia is presented. Patient was treated with L-asparaginase and developed a transient but lasting several weeks diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis as a sequelae of this therapy.
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PMID:[Transient diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis in a child during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with L-asparaginase]. 140 32

The effect of joint exposure to diagnostic X-rays and maternal smoking during pregnancy was compared in a case-control study of 216 children with cancer (128 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] and 88 with solid tumors) and 301 control children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Exposure to diagnostic X-rays combined with smoking of ten or more cigarettes per day gave a relative risk of 3.6 (95% CI, 1.8 to 7.0) and a positive dose response relation for ALL in the offspring (p less than 0.001). When examined alone, X-rays gave a relative risk of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1), and smoking a relative risk of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1 to 4.5). No similar trend was seen for solid tumors. Potential confounding was examined after stratification on maternal smoking-diagnostic X-ray exposure and each of potential confounders, but there was little change in the risk ratio. We conclude that the risk of ALL in the offspring was more than threefold higher when smoking was combined with diagnostic X-ray during pregnancy.
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PMID:Maternal smoking and irradiation during pregnancy as risk factors for child leukemia. 160 May 22

In this study we investigated glucose tolerance in relation to autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). In 13 adult patients with acute myeloblastic (AML) or lymphoblastic (ALL) leukaemia in complete remission (CR), intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed 1 month before and 6 months after ABMT. Patients with AML in CR received, as myeloablative therapy, cyclophosphamide combined with busulphan or total body irradiation (TBI). ALL patients received total body irradiation in combination with vincristine, daunorubicin, Ara-C, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Before ABMT all patients, in spite of the intensive chemotherapy given for remission induction and consolidation, had a normal glucose tolerance. However, 6 months after the transplantation the k-value (rate of glucose elimination) for this group of patients had decreased (p less than 0.01). The trend towards impaired glucose tolerance was correlated with lower peak insulin values during IVGTT (p less than 0.05). Thus, the myeloablative therapy in connection with ABMT caused an impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function. No patient has hitherto developed clinical diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Impaired glucose tolerance after autologous bone marrow transplantation. 220 56

Seven cases of miliary tuberculosis in patients with hematologic disease were analyzed clinicopathologically. Mean age of the patients was 65 years, and the hematologic diseases were CML, AML, ALL, MDS and malignant lymphoma. Diabetes mellitus was present as a complication in three patients. Miliary tuberculosis was found in 5 cases during the first admission to our hospital owing to hematologic problems. In 4 of 6 cases, fever had started more than two months before admission, consequently, the tuberculosis probably began about that time. After admission, chemotherapy was administered in 5 cases, and steroid in 6 cases for hematologic disease. The mean total quantity of steroid administered was 2,134 mg of prednisolone and average treatment duration was 69 days. The chest roentgenographic shadow was so atypical that miliary tuberculosis was suspected in only one case. The initial chest roentgenogram showed hilar and mediastinal lymph node swelling as well as the shadow of pulmonary tuberculosis in two cases. It was thought that the hilar and mediastinal lymph node swelling could be explained by primary complex, although the patients were of advanced age, or by "secondary complex" reported by Terplan, K in 1940. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made in two patients before their death by smear of aspirated fluid of cervical lymph node and by bone marrow cell block in one patients, and by pathological examination of mediastinal lymph node biopsy in the other patients. Tubercles were found from bone marrow cell block in 2 out of 5 patients and from bone marrow biopsy in 1 out of 3 patients, but the positive results were reported in 2 patients following death. Smears of sputum, gastric juice, urine, spinal fluid and pleural effusion were negative in all cases. One patient diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis also had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This case was treated with antituberculosis drugs for 20 days without improvement. Another patient diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis improved under treatment with antituberculosis drugs, but died of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Autopsy in 5 cases revealed non-reactive miliary tuberculosis, and pulmonary hemorrhage probably due to DIC was present as a complication in two cases. In these cases, severe immunosuppression, which is a major precipitating factor of miliary tuberculosis, is thought to be induced by hematologic disease itself, chemotherapy, steroid or other underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus. Miliary tuberculosis in such compromised host is cryptic and progresses rapidly. Consequently, early diagnosis is very important. Retrospectively, the unexplained pyrexia was most important to suspect tuberculosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of miliary tuberculosis in patients with hematologic disease]. 237 32

Cerebral mucormycosis is a rare disorder caused by several genera of the family Mucoraceae. The genera Rhizopus, Absidia, and Mucor are the predominant pathogenic groups. Disease caused by these organisms usually complicates an underlying chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus or malignancy. Cerebral involvement usually occurs from an ascending infection from the paranasal sinuses via the orbit and is usually associated with poorly controlled diabetes. The pulmonary system is the most common site of infection in patients with leukemia. Isolated cerebral mucormycosis not associated with head trauma or intravenous drug abuse is a rare disorder. We report what we believe to be the first successfully treated case of isolated cerebral mucormycosis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission.
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PMID:Survival after isolated cerebral mucormycosis. 278 63

A 51-year-old black woman with diabetes mellitus developed severe hepatotoxicity after receiving high-dose L-asparaginase (Elspar) for acute lymphatic leukemia. Patients with diabetes should be given this drug cautiously. Glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Vibrio succinogenes has been reported to be less hepatotoxic in mice; it might be a safer product for this group of patients.
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PMID:Severe hepatotoxicity from Escherichia coli L-asparaginase. 330 69

Fournier's disease--gangrene of the penis and scrotum--is an uncommon condition. During the past 6 years, five patients, whose cases are described, were admitted to Toronto General Hospital with this diagnosis. Four had preceding trauma (ischiorectal abscess, puncture wound, surgery) and four had pre-existing debilitating problems (diabetes, rectal carcinoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, alcoholic cirrhosis). Appropriate treatment must include urgent radical surgery to remove all necrotic tissue, and combination antibiotic therapy directed against the likely organisms, which are aerobic gram-negative rods, gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. Clindamycin in combination with tobramycin or gentamicin proved to be effective in this series.
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PMID:Fournier's gangrene. 397 Dec 44

Ten children with acute lymphocytic leukemia developed transient diabetes mellitus during treatment with L-asparaginase and prednisone. Serum glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma glucagon levels were measured when the patients were hyperglycemic. Six of the children were restudied several months later when there were no clinical or laboratory signs of glucose intolerance. Hyperglycemia induced by L-asparaginase and prednisone was associated with depression of plasma insulin and, despite the inhibiting action of L-asparaginase on protein synthesis, a corresponding elevation of plasma glucagon. Thus patients with diabetes mellitus induced by L-asparaginase and prednisone have relative hyperglucagonemia similar to other patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Relative hyperglucagonemia in L-asparaginase-and prednisone-induced glucose intolerance in management of acute lymphocytic leukemia. 634 Sep 6


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