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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the period from 1980-86 we obtained 51 strains of Listeria from meningitis in adults for serotyping and phage-typing. Ten strains were associated with meningitis and 3 with septicaemia of immunocompromised patients. They suffered from leukaemia, diabetes, Hodgkin's disease, alcoholism, lupus erythematodes. The lethality rate in these patients was 70%, in other patients with meningitis 30%. Phage typing has shown that 4b strains were often determined by the phage-code 00010 and similar codes. This phage-pattern might be specific for meningitis strains. The immunocomprised patient is especially endangered in taking up listeriae from the environment, but it must also be in consideration that listeriae may easy gain access from the gut into the vessels.
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PMID:Listeria-meningitis and -septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. 251 62

Eight hundred and fifty two cases, who were introduced from the Dental Hospital to Department of Internal medicine, Medical Hospital at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, were examined for medical complications. About one hundred and fifty cases were introduced per year from the Dental Hospital, which consisted of about 15% of the total outpatients in the Department of Internal medicine. The age distribution showed a high incidence of patients in their 50's. The number of patients over 60 years old was 220 (25.8%), and the number of patients over 65 years old was 160 (18.8%). There was then a high percentage of elder patients. The reason for the initial medical examinations was the need for a pre-operative medical examination in 42.6% of the total cases. Concerning medical complications among the patients, the highest incidence was hypertension in 116 cases (13.6%); the second highest was hepato-biliary and pancreatic diseases in 114 cases (13.4%); and heart diseases in 81 cases (9.5%). Eighteen cases of HBs antigen positive (2.1%) were seen among the patients with liver diseases. Among those with blood diseases, anemia showed the highest incidence, and a small number had leukemia and hemophilia. Diabetes mellitus showed up in 39 cases (4.6%), most of them being more than 40 years of age. Mentally and physically handicapped patients accounted for 30 cases. Half of them were from the pre-operative examination area, like tooth extraction.
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PMID:[Clinico-statistical study of medical complication in dental patients]. 253 46

Serum samples from 95 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 24 patients with other various rheumatic diseases, 50 patients with diabetes mellitus, 34 patients with acute viral infections, 6 patients with infectious mononucleosis, 77 patients with lymphomas and leukemia and 110 blood donors and 24 healthy subjects as normal controls, respectively, were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) reaction for the presence of specific antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus determined viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) and Epstein-Barr active viral infection. The IF test carried out in acetone-fixed smears of EB-3 cell line revealed EB antibodies anti-VCA in 83.3% of infectious mononucleosis, 61.0% lymphomas and leukemia, 58.0% diabetic patients. The frequency of anti-VCA antibodies in rheumatic patients was 31.4%, and 3.6% and 25% in sera from blood donors and healthy subjects, respectively. Incidence of active EBV infection was 5.7% of rheumatic diseases, 17.7% of acute virus infections, 50.0% of infectious mononucleosis, and 31.1% of lymphomas and leukemia patients. Active EBV infection was not found out in blood donors (0/110) and healthy subjects (0/24) groups as control. Rheumatoid arthritis with or without rheumatoid factor patients had serological evidence of active EBV infection 6/26 and 4/26 respectively.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). V. Incidence of EBV antibodies in patients with rheumatic diseases. 254 99

Primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma is not common in Sichuan. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult to make because the patient has no characteristic symptoms and the chest X-ray findings of the mass are not easily differentiated from carcinoma of the lung. The incidence of this disease is apparently increasing. Pulmonary cryptococcosis may be disseminated hematogenously to the meninges and cryptococcal meningitis is very difficult to treat. If the pulmonary lesion is localized, the patient's general condition is good with no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes, leukemia or lymphoma, partial resection of the lung is indicated. But, if the patient has a history of recent cryptococcal meningitis, surgery must be deferred. Four cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma have been treated surgically supplemented with medical therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital from 1986 to 1987. Follow-up of more than one year showed good results in each case.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma--report of 4 cases]. 259 37

Melioidosis is an infection of humans and animals caused by a gram-negative motile bacillus, Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Forty-nine patients with melioidosis complicating diabetes mellitus, collagen vascular disorders, leukemia/lymphoma, and other hematologic malignancies are described. Twenty-nine of these patients had disseminated/septicemic infection, two developed toxic shock syndrome, and one with AIDS experienced recrudescent melioidosis. Patients with disseminated melioidosis often have a variety of defects in cellular immunity both in vitro and in vivo. In humans with recrudescent melioidosis, cellular immunity can be transferred by a transfer factor and by levamisole, a cellular immunopotentiating agent. The results of the treatment of our patients with disseminated/septicemic melioidosis with antimicrobial agents in combination have been successful. In recent years, four cases of fungal arteritis due to Pythium species and one case of keratitis due to Pythium were seen. Almost all patients with fungal arteritis had thalassemia; all presented with pain in the lower extremities and gangrenous lesions of the toes. Pythium species, an aquatic Phycomycetes, was identified in these cases as a human pathogen on the basis of clinical features, pathologic findings, and--of greatest importance--the isolation of the etiologic fungi. These five cases with remarkably similar presentations exhibited certain similarities with and differences from cases of mucormycosis, entomophthoromycosis, and peniciliosis.
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PMID:Tropical disease in the immunocompromised host: melioidosis and pythiosis. 260 81

About half of the general population harbors Candida species in oral flora, and oral candidal infections are common. However, in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients, candidiasis may progress to life-threatening systemic disease. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV disease, diabetes, or leukemia are particularly prone to serious systemic infection. Chemotherapy for cancer and bone marrow and organ transplantation also provide physiologic opportunities for candidal colonization. Topical therapy has the potential to prevent and treat candidiasis with less risk of side effects and drug interactions than systemic therapy. Among the effective topical agents are polyene antifungal antibiotics and imidazole compounds. Some of these agents have been found useful in prevention of serious candidal infection in high-risk patients; however, more study is needed in this area.
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PMID:Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis. Topical agents for management and prevention. 264 72

Our experience with group C streptococcal infection over the past 15 years demonstrates an important and emerging role for this hemolytic organism as an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. Significant risk factors in this predominantly male population included chronic cardiopulmonary disease, diabetes, malignancy, and alcoholism. Bacteremia occurred in 74% of cases seen in our series. Nosocomial acquisition of infection was observed in 26%, and infection was frequently polymicrobial in nature with gram-negative enteric bacilli isolated most commonly along with group C streptococci. We observed a broad spectrum of infections including puerperal sepsis, pleuropulmonary infections, skin and soft-tissue infection, central nervous system infection, endocarditis, urinary tract infection, and pharyngeal infections. Several cases of bacteremia of unknown source were observed in neutropenic patients with underlying leukemia. New syndromes of infection due to group C streptococci observed in our series included intra-abdominal abscess, epidural abscess, and dialysis-associated infection. Response to therapy and outcome was related to the underlying disease. While the literature suggests that patients with group C endocarditis respond better to synergistic penicillin-aminoglycoside regimens, patient numbers are too small to draw definite conclusions. The clinical significance of antibiotic tolerant group C streptococci remains uncertain. In patients with serious group C infections including endocarditis, meningitis, septic arthritis, or bacteremia in neutropenic hosts, we advocate the initial use of cell-wall-acting agents in combination with an aminoglycoside.
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PMID:Infections due to Lancefield group C streptococci. 266 62

Cerebral mucormycosis is a rare disorder caused by several genera of the family Mucoraceae. The genera Rhizopus, Absidia, and Mucor are the predominant pathogenic groups. Disease caused by these organisms usually complicates an underlying chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus or malignancy. Cerebral involvement usually occurs from an ascending infection from the paranasal sinuses via the orbit and is usually associated with poorly controlled diabetes. The pulmonary system is the most common site of infection in patients with leukemia. Isolated cerebral mucormycosis not associated with head trauma or intravenous drug abuse is a rare disorder. We report what we believe to be the first successfully treated case of isolated cerebral mucormycosis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission.
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PMID:Survival after isolated cerebral mucormycosis. 278 63

Spleen cells from acutely diabetic (AD) and non-diabetic but diabetes prone (DP) BB/Wor rats lysed insulinoma target cells to a significantly greater degree than did diabetes resistant (DR) cells as determined using a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. There were no differences between the AD and DP groups. Lysis was not target cell specific, since somatostatin secreting RIN 14B cells, Wistar Furth leukemia cells designated LW12, PC12 cells and NK sensitive YAC-1 cells were also lysed. Lysis of all target cells was significantly reduced by pretreatment of the effector lymphocytes with antiserum to NK cells (anti-asialo GM1) and complement suggesting that NK cells mediated destruction of these cells. These data demonstrate a generalized increase in non-specific NK cell activity in BB/Wor rats. Since NK cells have been shown to mediate antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), splenic lymphoid cells from AD rats were tested for their ability to lyse insulinoma target cells in the presence of diabetic rat sera which were demonstrated to contain islet cell surface antibodies. Three different ADCC protocols were tested but in each case the addition of serum dilutions from AD rats reduced the lysis of insulinoma cells by AD spleen cells in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition was also demonstrated when sera and effector cells from control rats were used. As a positive control, DR spleen cells were incubated with 51Cr labelled target cells that were untreated or pre-treated with anti-rat class 1 antibody (OX18). Pre-treatment of the target cells resulted in a marked increase in their subsequent lysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1988 Jun
PMID:In vitro natural killer cell activity in the spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rat: effects of serum on lysis of insulinoma cells. 285 69

A multitude of general disorders of the vascular system may also affect the blood circulation of the cochlea and cause symptoms such as fluctuating or permanent hearing loss. Such is the case for arteriosclerosis combined with hypertension or hypotension, collagenosis, and diabetes. Blood disorders, like leukemia, sickle cell anemia, and polycythemia, and infectious diseases involving the blood vessels, such as lues, may also present their primary symptoms in the ear. The otorhinolaryngologist must be able to establish the correct diagnosis and refer patients requiring more general treatment to other specialists. The use of specific vasoactive treatment should be continued to those patients with symptoms of acute or fluctuating hearing loss, vertigo, or tinnitus who exhibit no other signs. Modern techniques for cochlear blood flow measurements have verified that several of the treatment protocols in use, which have a sound theoretical background, do indeed increase cochlear blood flow.
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PMID:Clinical treatment of vascular inner ear diseases. 306 94


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