Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three phase radionuclide bone imaging procedures are used to differentiate cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Acute cellulitis is shown only as increased radioactivity in the blood flow and blood pool images; a persistent area of high activity in a delayed image is usually diagnosed as acute osteomyelitis. We present a patient with Charcot's joint secondary to diabetes mellitus whose three-phase bone imaging as well as radiographic studies revealed a consistent picture of acute osteomyelitis. In the appropriate clinical setting, Charcot's joint, along with several other etiologies (including bone tumors, leukemia, trauma, recent surgery, Paget's disease, and malunion of fracture), should be included in the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Diabetic Charcot joint mimicking acute osteomyelitis in radiography and three-phase radionuclide bone imaging study. 185 3

Postmortem examination of 21 patients showed a vacuolar myelopathy resembling that associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Underlying diseases included six cases of leukemia or lymphoma, five of carcinoma, three of systemic lupus erythematosus, two of chronic lung disease, and one each of cadaveric renal transplant, cirrhosis, diabetes, hemophagocytic syndrome, and viral encephalitis. Fourteen patients were on long-term steroid therapy and 10 of these also had immunosuppressive chemotherapy. No patient had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, although one received blood transfusions in 1978. Signs and symptoms consistent with myelopathy included paraparesis in seven patients, ataxia in one, and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes in one. Microscopic examination showed vacuolation in spinal cord white matter primarily located in posterior and lateral columns. Lipid-laden macrophages and axonal changes were proportional to the severity of the vacuolation, which was severe in five patients, moderate in 10, and mild in six. Eight patients had coexistent viral diseases elsewhere in the central nervous system, but viral-associated antigens or genomic material was not found in regions of vacuolated spinal cord white matter. Although the etiology of these myelopathies is unknown, their association with immune suppression and coexistent viral infection of the central nervous system suggests that an opportunistic viral infection may be important.
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic myelopathies with white matter vacuolation in non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. 186 65

Patients with the following diagnoses were presented: pyoderma gangraenosum in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome passing into an acute myelomonocytic leukemia and specific cutaneous infiltration, primary genital infection with herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) in an adult patient, pellagroid, Sweet's syndrome with follicular involvement, Sweet's syndrome in a patient with cancer of the breast, lichen amyloidosus, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, Darier's disease 1. associated with basal cell carcinoma 2. with specific cutaneous infiltrations in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia, body building, anabolic steroids and fertility, multiple trichodiscomas and perifollicular fibromas, Buschke's scleroedema adultorum, extensive necrobiosis lipoidica without diabetes mellitus, extramammary, multifocal type of Paget's disease.
 ...
PMID:[52d Cologne Dermatology Meeting of the Cologne University Dermatology Clinic 24 January 1990]. 198 79

Oxidative biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous substances involves glutathione in reduced form as an integral component through two mechanisms: glutathione peroxidase catalysing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, and glutathione-S-transferases catalysing the conjugation of oxygenated derivatives with glutathione. We studied glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme activities in haemolysed venous blood samples from 49 healthy children and from 11 children with diabetes mellitus, 10 children with rheumatoid arthritis, seven children with active coeliac disease, and seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Among the healthy children glutathione content and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase were unrelated to sex; age-dependent differences were also minor. The patients with diabetes mellitus had decreased activity of glutathione reductase. The patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had increased activity of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase, possibly reflecting an adaptive response to free-radicals. The patients with active coeliac disease had control levels of all measured parameters of glutathione-related reactions indicating, since we earlier found decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase in intestinal mucosa of celiacs, that blood may not always reflect tissue-specific changes.
 ...
PMID:Glutathione and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in the erythrocytes of healthy children and in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 204 16

We analyzed the changes of frequency of bacterial positive cases on the basis of blood cultures, clinical background and administrated antibiotics for the patients with bacteremia in Nagoya University Hospital from January 1978 to December 1987. During the ten years, the number of samples increased from 330 in 1978 to 1231 in 1987. Moreover, bacterial positive cases increased from 27 (8.2%) in 1978 to 152 (12.3%) in 1987. Organisms isolated consisted of 138 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS), 81 Staphylococcus aureus, 60 Candida sp., 58 Escherichia coli, 47 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other species. During the period of 1986-1987, of the 92 patients with bacteremia, 85 patients (92.4%) had underlying diseases including leukemia, solid tumor, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or other diseases. In addition, 67 patients (73.9%) underwent intravascular catheters, urethral catheters, postoperative drainages or other prosthetic insertions. Fourteen patients died of septicemia within a week after recovery of the organism in the blood culture. The recovery rate for gram positive cocci in blood culture increased in the 1980's. It may partly be due to the prevalent use of these prosthetic insertions, and the preferable use of second and third generation cephalosporin antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:[Bacterial survey of patients with bacteremia during the ten years (1978-1987) in Nagoya University Hospital]. 206 98

A Moloney murine leukemia virus based retroviral vector was used to transfer the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neoR) into feline hematopoietic cells. We reconstituted four cats that had been lethally irradiated with autologous bone marrow that had been infected with the N2 or SAX retroviral vector. Bone marrow cells from all four cats expressed the neoR gene 30 days posttransplant and three of four cats still had the neoR gene and a low level of drug resistant colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage after more than 200 days. Two of the four cats unexpectedly developed diabetes mellitus 90 days posttransplantation. The expression of a foreign gene in cats, albeit at a low level, demonstrates that retroviral vectors can be used for gene transfer in noninbred large animal species and may be useful for gene therapy of humans. The development of diabetes mellitus in two of the subjects emphasizes the value of animal models for the study of possible deleterious effects of retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer.
 ...
PMID:Expression of a foreign gene in cats reconstituted with retroviral vector infected autologous bone marrow. 207 56

In this study we investigated glucose tolerance in relation to autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). In 13 adult patients with acute myeloblastic (AML) or lymphoblastic (ALL) leukaemia in complete remission (CR), intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed 1 month before and 6 months after ABMT. Patients with AML in CR received, as myeloablative therapy, cyclophosphamide combined with busulphan or total body irradiation (TBI). ALL patients received total body irradiation in combination with vincristine, daunorubicin, Ara-C, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Before ABMT all patients, in spite of the intensive chemotherapy given for remission induction and consolidation, had a normal glucose tolerance. However, 6 months after the transplantation the k-value (rate of glucose elimination) for this group of patients had decreased (p less than 0.01). The trend towards impaired glucose tolerance was correlated with lower peak insulin values during IVGTT (p less than 0.05). Thus, the myeloablative therapy in connection with ABMT caused an impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function. No patient has hitherto developed clinical diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Impaired glucose tolerance after autologous bone marrow transplantation. 220 56

Mucormycosis (synonymous with phycomycosis and zygomycosis) is a devastating fungal infection which usually involves patients with diabetes mellitus, often complicated by ketoacidosis, and malignant neoplasms, commonly leukemia and lymphoma. Clinical manifestations include rhinocerebral, pulmonary, disseminated, isolated cerebral, gastrointestinal and cutaneous disease. Common to all forms of mucormycosis is vascular invasion with production of necrotic tissue. The diagnosis is achieved by demonstrating broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching in a tissue biopsy specimen. Successful treatment consists of early diagnosis, intensive systemic antifungal therapy with amphotericin B, aggressive surgical debridement and control of the underlying disease. In our experience with mucormycosis at Huntsville Hospital, the patients were immuno- compromised and the infection was restricted to the lung. Despite use of amphotericin B in all patients, the only one who survived underwent surgical section of infected tissue.
 ...
PMID:Mucormycosis: a community hospital perspective. 223 27

Clostridium septicum is a major cause of spontaneous, nontraumatic gas gangrene. Unlike Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum is relatively aerotolerant and thus appears to be more capable of initiating infection in the absence of obvious damage to tissues. Six cases illustrate the clinical setting and fulminant nature of spontaneous gangrene caused by C. septicum. A lesion in the colon such as carcinoma is often present and is presumed to serve as a portal of entry to the bloodstream. Diabetes and leukopenia are also common predisposing conditions; compromise of vital host responses may facilitate proliferation of those organisms that settle out in the tissues. Acute lymphoma or leukemia during a course of chemotherapy is accompanied by damage to bowel mucosa and granulocytopenia, thus predisposing to spontaneous clostridial gangrene. Infection progresses in a fulminating manner; the majority of patients die within 24 hours of onset. Characteristic symptoms and signs include excruciating pain (although a sense of heaviness may be the only early symptom), swelling of tissues, crepitance, and bulla formation. A hallmark of C. septicum infection is the absence of acute inflammatory cells in involved tissues or in bulla fluid. A series of laboratory investigations demonstrated that fluid obtained from a bulla adversely affected the viability, morphology, and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), which may explain the paucity of PMNs in involved tissues and may in part contribute to the fulminant progression observed in infection due to this organism.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous, nontraumatic gangrene due to Clostridium septicum. 233 Apr 82

The availability of safe and effective preparations of human immune globulin that can be administered intravenously has revolutionized replacement therapy for patients suffering from hypogammaglobulinaemia. Of equal importance and greater interest, however, has been the recognition that super physiological doses of IgG can manipulate an abnormal immune system. Future prospects for the use of immunoglobulin preparations to supply specific antibodies includes the standardization of procedures, whereby patients with acute sepsis may receive antibiotics and immunoglobulin simultaneously. Already there is in vitro evidence that suggests that opsonized bacteria are more readily affected by aminoglycosides. It seems certain that gamma globulin will be used routinely in the management of patients with a number of immunomalignancies, such as chronic lymphatic leukaemia and multiple myeloma that feature hypogammaglobulinaemia, especially when chemotherapy is being administered. Control trials are underway to determine whether gamma globulin given intravenously to premature babies will satisfactorily correct their immuno-deficient state and improve their chances of survival. The immunomanipulative capacity of immunoglobulin is yet to be fully realized. Success in ideopathic thrombocytopenic purpura had led to a trial of gamma globulin in a number of autoimmune conditions. Success has been reported in myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, patients with circulating antibodies to factor VIII and Kawasaki's disease. The mechanism of action is unknown but almost certainly multifactorial. Two proven mechanisms that will be added to in the future, include blockade of the Fc receptors on cells of the reticulo-endothelial system and manipulation of immunoregulatory T cells by the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the preparation.
 ...
PMID:The clinical use of intravenous gammaglobulin. 244 Jul 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>