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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight documented cases of pulmonary zygomycosis were analyzed retrospectively with regard to radiographic and clinical features. Predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus in six cases, lymphoblastic lymphoma in one case, and surgery to correct a tracheoesophageal fistula in one case. Two of the patients with diabetes had also undergone renal transplantation for diabetic nephropathy and were immunosuppressed. The more usual radiographic findings of pulmonary zygomycosis represent a spectrum that comprises a normal chest radiograph, a lung abscess, subacute or chronic pneumonia that often evolves into a lung abscess, and rapidly progressive fatal pneumonia. Awareness of the various presentations of pulmonary zygomycosis is important because early diagnosis and appropriate therapy clearly have been shown to improve the survival rate of these patients. Zygomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis when patients with diabetes mellitus, patients with leukemia or lymphoma, or immunocompromised patients present with or develop perplexing pulmonary abnormalities.
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PMID:Pulmonary zygomycosis: a radiographic and clinical spectrum. 140 48

Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node complex, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood. The major mechanisms promoting bacterial translocation in animal models are: (a) disruption of the ecologic equilibrium to allow intestinal bacterial overgrowth, (b) deficiencies in host immune defenses, and (c) increased permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. These mechanisms can act in concert to promote synergistically the systemic spread of indigenous translocating bacteria to cause lethal sepsis. Studies are presented of attempts to delineate the mechanisms promoting bacterial translocation utilizing animal models of intestinal bacterial overgrowth, immunosuppression, T-cell deficiencies, solid tumors, leukemia, diabetes, endotoxemia, hemorrhagic shock, thermal injury, bowel obstruction, bile duct ligation, protein malnutrition and parenteral nutrition. Also described are the use of selective antibiotic decontamination or nonspecific macrophage immunomodulators in attempts to reduce bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. 147 1

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection that has been mainly described in adults with preexisting disease affecting immune status, eg, diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, and renal failure on peritoneal dialysis. Few cases have been described in neonates. The presentation of mucormycosis as a cause of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is an unusual phenomenon. Three fatal cases of mucormycosis of the gut in premature infants in the period 1990 to 1991 are described. It is not clear whether this should be considered a separate disease or a variant of necrotizing enterocolitis. All three patients died soon after laparotomy from septic shock and the histological diagnosis of mucormycosis was made too late for effective chemotherapy.
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PMID:Mucormycosis of the neonatal gut: a "new" disease or a variant of necrotizing enterocolitis? 150 Oct 34

Allogeneic fetal liver cell transplantation has been shown to be able to reconstitute lymphopoietic systems of mice when these systems are defective or destroyed. Lethally irradiated mice or mice with inherited severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) were grafted with 14 days gestation allogeneic fetal liver cells, then subjected to a follow-up for the immune tolerance to the donor and the normal or subnormal immune reconstitution allowing prevention of diabetes in NOD mice or cure of leukemia in AKR mice and of immunodeficiency in SCID mice. Briefly, when normal CBA mice were lethally irradiated and then grafted with allogeneic fetal liver cells from Balb/c mice, a specific immune tolerance was induced to donor skin grafts. Unrelated skin grafts were rejected and a response to antigens was observed in these chimeras. However, despite the capacity to develop hyperacute rejection of skin allografts, following hyperimmunization, these chimeric mice did not produce anti-H2 cytotoxic antibodies. In SCID mice (CB17), the immune reconstitution occurred when mice were grafted with allogeneic (C57/B16) as well as with syngeneic fetal liver cells. Human cells were found in SCID mice following implantation of human fetal liver and thymus cells. When NOD mice were irradiated, then grafted with allogeneic fetal liver cells, a large part of donor cells were found in NOD recipients, correlating with a low incidence of diabetes. Leukemic AKR mice grafted with allogeneic fetal liver cells had virtually no leukemia relapse, suggesting a strong graft-versus-leukemia effect following such a transplant.
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PMID:Fetal liver cell transplantation in various murine models. 150 74

Treatment with human growth hormone in growth hormone deficient patients will improve growth rate significantly, initially demonstrating catch-up growth and later bringing forth a normal growth rate. During childhood, a dose of 0.3-0.6 units/kg body weight per week (or 14 units/m2 body surface area per week) is recommended, but during puberty the dose should be increased by 50-100%. The goal of therapy is the attainment of a normal final height, which in the past has often not been fulfilled. This was partly due to the inadequate supply of growth hormone. Since recombinant human growth hormone is now available in unlimited amounts, all patients can be treated continuously. The shorter the child is at time of presenting for therapy, the lower final height will be. It is mandatory to start therapy as early as possible. Concomitant hormonal deficiencies must be corrected by adequate therapy. Despite the fact that growth hormone is diabetogenic, supplementary therapy will not induce diabetes mellitus. Subtle changes in the immune system can be detected but no clinical correlates, such as increased susceptibility to infection, exist. Induction of leukaemia has been suspected as a possible side-effect of human growth hormone treatment but so far there is insufficient evidence to prove that growth hormone is oncogenic.
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PMID:Therapy of growth hormone deficiency. 152 51

Interleukin (IL) 1 is an important mediator of local and systemic disease. Blocking IL-1 using the IL-1 receptor antagonist has reduced the severity of disease in animal models of septic shock, diabetes, graft-vs-host disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and the spontaneous proliferation of leukemia cells. Blocking IL-1 and reduction in the synthesis of IL-1 are important strategies for reducing the progression of inflammatory disease and autoimmune diseases. Nature, however, maintains control over the synthesis of IL-1 by dissociating transcription for translation. In this paper, the basis for the dissociation of IL-1 beta synthesis of mRNA from synthesis of the IL-1 beta protein is reviewed.
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PMID:Dissociation of transcription from translation of human IL-1 beta: induction of steady state mRNA by adherence or recombinant C5a in the absence of translation. 153 18

Investigated age and gender differences in adjustment to chronic disease in children suffering from one of five conditions: diabetes, asthma, cardiac disease, epilepsy, and leukemia. Ratings of adjustment and disease-related restrictions were obtained separately from mothers and fathers. Factor analysis of the adjustment scale yielded 6 subscales which differentiated between children in terms of age and disease type, and to a lesser extent, gender. Mothers' and fathers' ratings of adjustment and restrictions were comparable, though fathers made less differentiation on the basis of disease or age. For both parents, perceived restrictions of the disease were associated with poorer adjustment in the child, and this was particularly reflected on indices of peer relations and work.
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PMID:Adjustment to chronic disease in relation to age and gender: mothers' and fathers' reports of their childrens' behavior. 164 Mar 13

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon skin disorder characterised by deep ulcers surrounded by a violaceous over-hanging edge. Although in many instances there is no clear association with any underlying disease, pyoderma gangrenosum has been described in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, polyarthritis, diabetes mellitus and myeloma. Pyoderma gangrenosum may also be seen as a rare manifestation of myeloproliferative disease including leukaemia. In children, as in our case, it may be the presenting feature.
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PMID:Pyoderma gangrenosum with large circumferential perianal skin loss in a child. 180 22

Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection of immunosuppressed patients. We describe here 5 cases of mucormycosis: three with facial and eye involvement, one with lung involvement and one affecting skin and joints. All five patients had underlying diseases: diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, neoplasia and AIDS. Four patients were treated with amphotericin B and also with surgical debridement. Infection could be controlled only in two patients. Both survived but with major sequelae. In two additional patients, death was directly related to the infection and the remaining patient was lost to follow-up.
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PMID:[Infection by Mucorales fungi]. 180 50

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that shock, arthritis, osteoporosis, colitis, leukemia, diabetes, wasting and atherosclerosis are mediated, in part, by interleukin 1 (IL-1). Inhibition of this cytokine has been a strategy for studying disease and for new drug development. A naturally-occurring IL-1 inhibitor (IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra) that blocks binding of IL-1 to its receptors has been cloned and produced in recombinant organisms. IL-1ra reduces the severity of sepsis, colitis, arthritis and diabetes in animals and is presently being tested in humans with arthritis, shock and myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Blocking IL-1: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. 183 80


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