Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiple small injections of streptozotocin in mice produce pancreatic insulitis, with progression to nearly complete beta cell destruction and diabetes mellitus. The timing and appearance of the inflammatory islet lesions suggest but do not prove that streptozotocin acts by initiating a cell-mediated immune reaction. Ultrastructural evidence of abundant type C viruses within beta cells of treated mice suggests that streptozotocin may activate murine leukemia virus in vivo in susceptible hosts.
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PMID:Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic insulitis: new model of diabetes mellitus. 18 Jun 5

Cold non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins were found to be principally reactive against B lymphocytes. These antibodies were studied in 1335 patients with a wide range of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, Hashimoto's disease, asthma, diabetes, lymphoma, psoriasis, leukemia, multiple sclerosis, and also in healthy donors. Antibodies reactive to B lymphocytes in the cold or warm test conditions were not directed against HLA specificities. Since B lymphocytes differ from T lymphocytes principally in that they have surface immunoglobulin, it is postulated that at least one target antigen of cold lymphocyte cytotoxins is not a virus, infectious agent, or a genetically determined structural antigen, but, rather, simply immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins in various diseases. 31 13

Cerebro-rhino-orbital phycomycosis (CROP) occurs predominantly in individuals with diabetes mellitus in a state of metabolic acidosis. Other forms of metabolic acidosis, especially in infants, may predispose to phycomycotic infections. CROP has also been reported in patients with leukemia or lymphoma. CROP usually begins in the palate or paranasal sinuses and rapidly spreads to the orbital contents. Proptosis, loss of vision, and ophthalmoplegia occur and death from cerebral involvement commonly ensues. The fungus tends to invade arteries and cause thrombosis and tissue infarction. Rhizopus is the most commonly isolated genus in CROP, accounting for almost all cases. The diagnosis can be strongly suspected by the characteristic clinical manifestations. Therapy includes treatment of the underlying disease, surgical excision of the necrotic tissue containing fungal elements and the systemic administration of amphotericin-B. The effect of treatment has improved since the disease was first described, but the condition still has a high mortality, especially if it is not diagnosed early.
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PMID:Ocular and orbital phycomycosis. 33 48

A 52-year-old man with mild diabetes and acute stem cell leukaemia developed an orbitofacial mucormycosis. Cultures showed the fungus to be Rhizopus oryzae. Vigorous treatment with amphotericin B and other bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics for a concurrent sepsis failed to suppress the infections, and the patient died. On post-mortem examination characteristic haematoxylin-staining, broad, aseptate fungal hyphae were found in the right eye, orbit, and lung. A striking and unusual feature of this case is the presence of brightly birefringent crystals within the severely degenerated eye. These were found by histochemical staining and x-ray diffraction studies to be calcium salts of fatty acids, apparently liberated from necrotic adipose tissue of the orbit.
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PMID:Orbitofacial mucormycosis with unusual pathological features. 50 83

Two patients are described with asymptomatic low blood glucose and excessive in vitro consumption of glucose by leukocytes before separation of the serum for assay. This may be a more common problem than is appreciated and need not be associated with leukemia or extreme leukocytosis. The circumstances that allow this avoidable type of artifactual hypoglycemia may also produce factitious euglycemia during evaluation of suspected diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Leukocytosis and artifactual hypoglycemia. 57 9

Report on two cases of folliculitis barbae candidomycetica (f.b.c) which mimicked impetigo contagiosa in one case and tinea barbae in the other. Both patients suffered from typical predisposing factors such as leukemia, cytostatic and corticosteroid therapy, and diabetes mellitue. Taking into consideration the morphology of cases described earlier in this journal, three types of f.b.c. can be recognized: folliculitis simplex-like type, tinea barbae-like type and impetigo-like type.
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PMID:[Morphological variants of folliculitis barbae candidomycetica]. 63 88

Vulvar neoplasia as seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during a 38-year period (1935-1972) is reviewed. Of 1385 tissue specimens, 1053 were benign and 332 were malignant lesions. Of the malignant lesions, 246 were squamous cell carcinoma, both in situ and invasive. Of these, 192 were treated and followed and are reported on. There were 71 cases of in situ and 121 of invasive cancer. Of the patients, 64% were white and 36% were nonwhite, which corresponds to the patient population treated at the hospital. Ages of patients ranged from 21 to 86 years, with a median of 50 years. Of those with invasive cancer, 75% were postmenopausal and none was under the age of 30 years. There was a 29% incidence of nulliparity and a 64% incidence of obesity. Diabetes was noted in 64%. Syphilis was discovered in 26%. These patients had a high risk of being exposed to other venereal infections, particularly herpes which is suspect as a precursor of neoplasia. Vurrucous carcinoma are also likely to be of viral origin. Other malignancies were also present in 20% of patients. There was 1 case of chronic clyphocytic leukemia. Presenting symptoms were a lump, a white patch, pruritus, or bleeding. Pruritus was present in 46%. A leukoplakialike appearance was noted in most of the in situ lesions. Multicentric foci of origin were demonstrated in 35%, mostly in the in situ cases. Of the invasive cancers 60% were well differentiated and 11% were verrucous. Multiple histologic patterns were present in many cases. In 167 patients (67%), the initial treatment was surgical. Postoperative radiation was used in 30% of those with invasive cancer. Local recurrences followed in 22%. In those with multicentric foci the recurrence rate was 48%. 44 patients were known to have died, mostly from other causes. Survival was directly related to the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Primary vulvar neoplasia: a review of in situ and invasive carcinoma, 1935-1972. 85 43

In the Tri-State Leukemia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases--childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diseases in adult males with leukemia. 99 1

Homozygosity for the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation results in a block in T- and B-lymphocyte development. An unusually high incidence of spontaneous thymic lymphoma development was observed after transfer of this mutation from the C.B-17 congenic strain background onto the diabetes-susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) background. Thymomagenesis in the NOD-scid/scid mouse was associated with expression of an NOD mouse-unique endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia provirus locus (Emv-30, mapped to proximal region of chromosome 11) not expressed in the standard substrain NOD/Lt thymus. All tumors exhibited insertions of ecotropic proviruses, whereas only a subset also exhibited proviral integrations of mink cell focus-forming retrovirus. Neither class of retrovirus was associated with consistent integration into genes previously associated with activation of oncogenesis. We propose that the unusual features of T-cell ontogeny characteristic of the NOD inbred strain synergize with the scid-imparted block in thymocyte development, leading to activation of the NOD-unique Emv-30 to initiate thymomagenesis.
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PMID:The nonobese diabetic scid mouse: model for spontaneous thymomagenesis associated with immunodeficiency. 137 93

Spontaneous, nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis is a rare infection with an insidious onset and usually fatal outcome. Spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis has a frequent association with colon carcinoma, leukemia, diabetes mellitus, and drug-induced immunosuppression. We present the case of a 73-year-old diabetic man who died of spontaneous Clostridium septicum myonecrosis, who had presented with fulminant gangrene of the right thigh. Clostridium septicum was cultured from the quadriceps muscle postmortem. At autopsy, in addition to the gangrene, there was a Duke's A adenocarcinoma of the cecum, which had not been diagnosed during life. When spontaneous nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis is diagnosed at autopsy, investigation should include through exam and the obtaining of past medical history in order to elucidate predisposing factors.
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PMID:Spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis. 140 68


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