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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in patients with abnormal pregnancies and after saline-induced abortion. Results from patients presenting with mild or severe preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation and severe diabetes did not differ from the normal range. However, in patients with premature labor, the majority of AFP levels were significantly below the normal range, and peak AFP levels were achieved approximately one month earlier than normal. In patients whose pregnancies were terminated by abortion, the AFP levels exhibited a significant rise within a few hours after induction because of resorption of fetal elements into the maternal circulation.
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PMID:Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein in abnormal pregnancies and during induced abortion. 7 May 33

In a prospective study of 100 consecutive diabetic pregnancies, 1 was complicated by hyperthyroidism and 4 by hypothyroidism. The association of hypothyroidism with diabetes mellitus merits special attention as this combination of diseases affected 4 of 20 (20%) White's class D and F diabetics. Hydramnios and/or spontaneous premature labor were features of diabetic pregnancies complicated by compensated hypothyroidism. Delayed diagnosis of hypothyroidism may have contributed to the fatal congenital malformations in one of these fetuses, but the remaining infants survived, including 1 infant suffering from severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
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PMID:Diabetes and thyroid disease during pregnancy. 38 1

During a time interval of 2 years in 7% of the gravidae at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna, a surgical closure of the cervix was performed. The anamnestic and clinical data of these 221 gravidae were compared with a compatible collective of another 221 gravidae without a surgical closure (control-group). In the closuregroup 27,6% were primigravidae. The mean age of the gravidae was 28,8 years and statistically higher than in the control group (25,7 years). Also the mean age of the multigravidae at the time of their first gestation was statistically higher (23,9 years and 22 years respectively). The anamnestic amount of abortion and perinatal mortality was 63,5% and 24,3% respectively, significantly higher was also the anamnestic rate of curettages. In most of the cases surgical closure was indicated by palpation of the cervix, 3 degrees of insufficiency of the cervix were differentiated. There was a great importance of a postsurgical treatment with tocolytic drugs (83% and 10% respectively), but there was also a different mode of application. During the course of gestation a lower frequency of EPH-gestosis (64 gravidae and 90 gravidae respectively) but a higher incidence of diabetes (11 gravidae and 5 gravidae respectively) and a higher incidence of urinary infection (20 gravidae and 7 gravidae respectively) were observed. In patients with a cervical closure a higher rate of rupture of membranes and premature labor were present. Surgical technique and time of closure had no significant influence on the outcome of pregnancy. The rate of success was 86.4%.
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PMID:[Anamnesis and course of gestation associated with surgical closure of the cervix (author's transl)]. 64 67

The serum HPL level was studied in normal and high-risk pregnancies. 30 patients with premature labour showed significantly decreased levels. In 24 patients with monosymptomatic toxaemia, HPL patterns showed a statistically significant deviation from the normal standard curve; a highly significant decrease was observed in 23 cases of polysymptomatic gestoses. As opposed to the results of other authors, no significant difference from the normal distribution of HPL was found in cases of Rh sensitisation (13 patients) and diabetes mellitus (16 patients). A noteworthy results was seen in 19 cases of cervix insufficiency: after purse-string suturing of the cervix (original method of Shirodkar), the previously low plasma HPL level rapidly rose to normal levels. Because of the small number of cases without an adequate control group this phenomenon cannot be attributed with certainly, as yet, to the cerclage procedure.
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PMID:[The significance of radioimmunological HPL determination in obstetrics (author's transl)]. 81 20

Dexamethason in a total dose of 15 mg was given in 125 cases of premature labour 48 hours before delivery to prevent the development of respiration distress syndrome. Clinically, the incidence of RDS was 14,5% (18 cases) in the treated group, while in the control group it was 27,7% (32 cases out of 119). Owing to RDS two prematures died in the treated group, and 14 in the control one. Steroid prophylaxis was applied prenatally with 69 pregnant women at term who were predisposed to give birth to infants developing RDS (retardation, diabetes mellitus, elective section caesareas, etc.). Five neonates developed RDS and one died of hyaline membrane disease. The authors studied the effect of steroids on carbohydrate metabolism and total oestrogen excretion in the urine. From profile examinations of blood sugar it was concluded that no pathological alterations take place in maternal carbohydrate metabolism due to intravenous or intermittent prolonged administration of Dexamethason. After one single large dose (15 mg) of Dexamethason a reduction of 30-40% was noted in total oestrogen excretion. Return to the initial value was noted on the 11th-12th day. No appreciable changes were observed with prolonged intermittently given Dexamethason. On the basis of their observations the authors consider that steroid therapy applied during labour is efficient in preventing neonatal RDS.
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PMID:[Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome prior to delivery using steroids]. 89 45

A review of the literature concerning sport during pregnancy is presented. The mother's heart rate, arterial blood pressure, systolic ejection fraction and cardiac output undergo the same changes during exercise in the pregnant and non-pregnant patient. The increase in the fetal heart rate during maternal physical exercise does not adversely affect the fetal outcome. The uterine blood flow is diminished during exercise. The respiratory rate increases equally in pregnant and non-pregnant women. The maternal response to effort is also modified by weight gain during pregnancy, by changes in the musculo-skeletal system, and by maternal temperature control during exercise. Weight gain, uterine contractility, duration of pregnancy, labour and neo-natal conditions are not altered by sport during pregnancy. Contra-indications to sport during pregnancy include threatened premature labour, and conditions associated with an increased risk of prematurity. A previous history of fetal growth retardation, acute fetal distress, or the presence of diabetes or arterial hypertension is a contra-indication to sport during pregnancy. The advice which should be given to a pregnant woman wishing to continue her sporting activities during pregnancy is outlined.
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PMID:[Sports and pregnancy. A review of the literature]. 208 69

At present the main problem in gestational diabetes (GDM) is that only less than 10% of the pregnant diabetics could be diagnosed and accordingly treated. Analysing 101 cases of pregnant diabetics we refer to the incidence of peripartal and perinatal complications. The treatment with insulin was necessary to be applied on 70 of the patients (69.3%) in order to achieve normal glucose levels (between 3.3 and 6.6 mmol/l). If the metabolic complications are determined and treated in a later phase of pregnancy, there is a higher rate of complications (toxemias 29.7%, premature labor 21.8%, caesarean section 23.8%, perinatal mortality 2.9%, congenital anomalies 5.9% and the likelihood of large for gestational age babies 32.7%). Improvement of such results, which can be obtained in optimally treated insulin - dependent pregnants, is possible only by more early determination of all carbohydrate tolerance disturbances in pregnancy. This proposed diabetic screening is generally required in any pregnant woman with a history diabetes, obesity greater than or equal to 20%, age greater than or equal to 30 years and glucosuria. A gestational diabetes is to be considered into consideration if in a 50 g-oral-glucose-tolerance-test (50 g - OGTT) 2 values exceed normal limits (fasting level 5.55 mmol/l, 60 minutes level 8.88 mmol/l and 120 minutes level 7.22 mmol/l). Further observation of these patients has to be continued centrally.
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PMID:[Early detection of diabetes in pregnancy--a factor for reducing perinatal mortality and morbidity]. 220 72

Thrombocytopenia occurred in 513 (7.6%) of 6715 consecutive deliveries that occurred in our hospital over a 3-year interval. The patients with thrombocytopenia could be divided into three groups. The largest group (65.1%) consisted of healthy women whose thrombocytopenia was incidentally detected. The next group of patients (13.1%) was composed of healthy women who had an obstetric or medical condition such as diabetes or premature labor. No mother or infant in either group had excessive bleeding, and no infant had a cord platelet count less than 50 x 10(9) per liter. The last group (21%) was composed of hypertensive patients and patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Two infants in this group had cord platelet counts less than 50 x 10(9) per liter, but neither had bleeding. This study indicates that incidental thrombocytopenia in an otherwise well woman at term is the most frequent type of thrombocytopenia and poses no apparent risk for mother or infant at delivery.
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PMID:Thrombocytopenia at delivery: a prospective survey of 6715 deliveries. 231 79

Pregnancy outcome was followed in 123 women showing maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, less than or equal to 0.50 MOM. In 28 cases AFP was secondarily considered as normal either after ultrasonography and correction of gestation age or after a second sample normal result. In 95 cases AFP level was confirmed lowered; perinatal outcome was normal in 70 cases and abnormal in 25. Among these 25 cases, 3 autosomal trisomies occurred, 2 trisomies 18 and 1 trisomy 21; in the 22 other cases, we observed antepartum risk factors (10 cases with impending premature labor or premature labor, 9 cases with chronic hypertension, 2 cases with Ag HBs hepatitis and 1 case with diabetes).
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PMID:[Results of pregnancies characterized by a decrease in the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the maternal blood]. 246 77

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate factors affecting the rate of macrosomia and related complications in a population of infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. The following factors were hypothesized to be predisposing to macrosomia: increased maternal weight gain during gestation, increased number of births until infant No. 3, white race, increased maternal age, poor glycemic control from the 20th week of gestation, and increased insulin dose. Advance White classification and increased duration of diabetes were predicted to be inversely related. In addition, macrosomia was hypothesized to predispose to selected adverse perinatal outcomes including premature labor, birth asphyxia, birth injury, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. From 1978 to 1986, 127 pregnancies were prospectively studied, 86 of the total number of women were entered prior to 10 weeks' gestation, and 41 were entered after 10 weeks' gestation. Patients monitored blood glucose at least twice daily with glycemic control achieved by "split-dosage" regimens of insulin. Glycohemoglobin was measured monthly. Pregnancy dating was based on the date of the last menstrual period and the Ballard score of the infant at birth. Macrosomia was defined as a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile of the intrauterine growth curves of Lubchenco. Of the babies born to mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes, 43% were large for gestational age and 57% were appropriate for gestational age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Macrosomia in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. 272 29


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