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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The excretion of estriol into the maternal urine is an effective means of evaluating the fetus in pregnancies complicated by a number of metabolic disorders, such as chronic hypertension, renal disease, pre-eclampsia, etc. It is generally used in the management of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus even though some question has been raised as to its validity for this disorder. In this study we have evaluated estriol precursors in the form of 17-ketosteroids in the urine of pregnant women with mild diabetes mellitus as well as a non-diabetic control group. Urinary total estrogen excretion was also determined. Diabetics were found to excrete significantly higher amounts of 17-ketosteroids than the non-diabetic group. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the dynamics of estriol production in pregnancy is discussed.
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PMID:Urinary 17-ketosteroids in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies. 102 54

Fifty-eight patients with chronic laryngitis, defined as diffuse laryngeal inflammation, of an average duration of approximately 1 year, were investigated. The sex incidence was equal and the average age 45 years. Occupational factors were of minor importance, and the smoking habits of the patients were the same as those of a similar matched population. Of the haematological factors investigated, anaemia, diabetes, renal disease and syphilis were of no importance whatsoever. The most important aetiological factor was sepsis of the upper and lower respiratory tracts which was present in over half the patients.
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PMID:The aetiology of chronic laryngitis. 103 54

The incidence of analgesic nephropathy in the United States is greater than previously reported. Because of the characteristic radiographic features of papillary necrosis, this diagnosis may be made while it is still clinically unsuspected. Early diagnosis is extremely important because cessation of analgesic abuse may avert progressive renal damage. Uncovering the diagnosis calls for special care in obtaining the telltale history. This must be sought in patients with radiographic evidence of papillary necrosis when a history of diabetes mellitus, obstructive uropathy, or sicle cell anemia is absent, or in patients with unexplained nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:Analgesic abuse syndrome: a frequently overlooked cause of reversible renal failure. 109 67

Changes in renal function and structure are frequently observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. In the early phases of the disease, alterations in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, glomerular permeability and tubular capacity for glucose reabsorption occur. In the late stages of juvenile onset diabetes, renal failure is a common cause of death. For this reason, increasing attention is being paid to the possibility of long-term dialysis and renal transplantation in these patients. The kidneys play an important role in regulating insulin metabolism. The renal arteriovenous difference is approximately 30-45% and a linear relationship exists between the arterial insulin level and the renal arteriovenous concentration difference. The renal extraction of insulin is 200 ml/min in man, and it is estimated that 6-8 U are removed and degraded by the kidney in 24 h. The quantity of insulin in urine is small. However, its clearance is relatively constant over a wide range of serum concentrations and is 0.15-0.5 ml/min. The mean basal insulin excretion is 3.6 muU/mg creatinine, and a fourfold rise occurs following a glucose load. The urinary insulin values in neonates, children and patients with diabetes and renal failure are reviewed. In diabetic patients, progressive renal disease is accompanied by decreasing insulin requirements. In contrast, nondiabetic patients who develop renal failure frequently show abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism, the commonest of which is a pseudodiabetic state.
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PMID:Insulin and the kidney. 110 Oct 90

In a three-phase study that began in 1969, prazosin was shown to be especially suitable for use in treatment of hypertensive patients with gout, renal disease, or borderline diabetes, owing to the sparing of organ systems often harmed by other antihypertensive drugs.
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PMID:Experience with prazosin in a clinical setting. 110 82

A total of 291 urine sediments from 255 patients with various renal or urinary tract diseases have been studied by phase contrast microscopy. Based upon morphological criteria, leucocytes were distinguished from renal epithelial cells and the white blood cells were classified either as mononuclear or polynuclear in 179 patients. The percentage of the different cell types varied considerably between and within the different diseases. The median values for polynuclear granulocytes were higher than 90% in bacterial renal or urinary tract disease and in polycystic kidney disease. In interstitial nephritis, nephrosclerosis and in renal transplanted patients the percentage of polynuclear granulocytes was somewhat lower, 76-85%. In diabetes, amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis (necrosis) glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and endemic benign nephropathy there were 14-66% polynuclear granulocytes. 29-33% mononuclear leucocytes were found in lupus nephritis and endemic benign nephropathy. The greatest proportion of renal epithelial cells was found in endemic benign nephropathy, namely 49%. 36% renal epithelial cells were found in tubular nephrosis (necrosis) and in glomerulonephritis. The technique is rapid and inexpensive. It facilitates differential diagnostics of urinary tract disease with pyuria.
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PMID:Differential count of urinary leucocytes and renal epithelial cells by phase contrast microscopy. 110 1

The recent literature relating to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, with or without nephropathy, is critically reviewed. Particular attention is given to the (GH) growth hormone hypothesis. The various procedures of hypophysectomy are discussed including the possible ways of suppressing GH production or overproduction by drugs, especially with (MAP) medroxyprogesterone acetate. Personal results obtained with long-term administration of MAP in depot form on alternate days in 10 patients with advanced retinopathy are described. An inconstant and barely significant suppression of the GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was noted in 6 cases showing that a complete pituitary inactivation had not been achieved. Therefore, the modifications observed in the fundus picture seem to have no relationship with such a condition. The features involved were Microaneurysms and Hemorrhages and Exudates. New vessels and retinitis proliterans were unaffected. Subjective improvement in visual acuity appeared to be more frequent with various possible explanations. MAP was without appreciable effect on the clinical and metabolic course of the diabetes or on renal function in cases of concomitant nephropathy. In light of these preliminary results, further investigation seems to be justified. (author's modified) (summary in ENG).
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PMID:[Trial treatment of diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of pituitary somatotropin secretion with MAP]. 112 48

The metabolic turnover rate and transcapillary escape rate of albumin were studied with 131I-labelled human albumin in nine patients with long-term diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy was present in all patients and nephropathy in four. Plasma albumin concentration and plasma volume were reduced (P smaller than 0.05). The previously reported decrease in the intravascular albumin mass in long-term diabetics was thus confirmed by an average of 59.0 g/m2 surface area, compared with a normal value of 71.7 g/m2-(minus18%) (P smaller than 0.005). The albumin metabolic rate was increased, the fractional disappearance rate being an average 13.2% of the intravascular albumin mass per 24 hr, compared with a normal value of 8.4% (+ 57%) (P smaller 0.001). The rate of synthesis was 7.7 g - 24 h-1 - m-2 in contrast to a normal rate of 6.2 g - 24 h-1 - m-2 (+24%) (P smaller 0.001). Total body albumin mass was decreased proportionally to the intravascular mass. Confirming previous observations, we found an increase in the transcapillary escape rate of albumin (fraction of intravascular albumin mass passing to the extravascular space per unit time) from a normal average of 5.6% - hr-1 to 7.4% - hr-1 (+32%) (P ssmaller than 0.001). This finding can best be explained by an increased microvascular permeability to plasma proteins. A positive correlation between the transcapillary escape rate and fractional disappearance rate of albumin was demonstrated ( r equals 0.74; P smaller than 0.01). This supports the concept that albumin is catabolized in connection with its permeation through the microvascular endothelium.
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PMID:Increased metabolic turnover rate and transcapillary escape rate of albumin in long-term juvenile diabetics. 112 93

Seventy-three patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus for a mean duration of 42.9 years were retrospectively studied on a multidisciplinary basis. Only three of this group of patients were socially disabled as a result of their long-standing illness. Of all the complications, insulin-induced hypoglycemia was most common. Although diabetic retinopathy was clinically evident in about 75 per cent of patients, only 50 per cent of these seventy-three patients had a significant visual impairment. Nephropathy was apparent in 59 per cent of patients, and neuropathy was demonstrable in half of them. Significant peripheral vascular system impairment was present in 40 per cent and major cardiac complication in 20 percent.
Diabetes 1975 Jun
PMID:Juvenile diabetes mellitus after forty years. 114 May 12

Eighteen male diabetic patients with a mean age of 48.5 years and end-stage renal disease were maintained on chronic hemodialysis for a mean duration of 15.2 months. The cumulative survival rate for the first year was 86%. Their diabetes was no more difficult to control after starting hemodialysis. Cardiovascular complications accounted for the two deaths and most of the management problems. Patient rehabilitation was considered to be satisfactory. It is concluded that chronic hemodialysis can be a suitable form of therapy in this group of patients.
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PMID:Hemodialysis in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure. 114 55


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