Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetics suffer from an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and are less likely to survive an ischemic insult. Since L-propionylcarnitine (LPC) has been shown to protect against ischemic/reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that LPC may be of even greater benefit to the diabetic heart. Diabetes was induced by i.v. streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg; duration: 12 wks. The chronic effect of LPC was determined by daily i.p. injections (100 mg/kg) for 8 wks. The acute effects of LPC were determined by adding it to the perfusion medium (5 mM) of control and diabetic hearts. Initial cardiac contractile performance of isolated perfused working hearts was assessed by varying left atrial filling pressure. Hearts were then subjected to 90 min of low flow global ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. Chronic LPC treatment had no effect on initial cardiac performance in either control or diabetic hearts. Acute addition of LPC to the perfusion medium enhanced pump performance of control hearts, but had no effect in diabetic hearts. Both acute and chronic LPC significantly improved the ability of control and diabetic hearts to recover cardiac contractile performance after ischemia and reperfusion, however, chronic treatment was more effective in diabetic hearts.
 ...
PMID:Protection of the ischemic diabetic heart by L-propionylcarnitine therapy. 148 Jan 41

Analysis of the causes of development, clinical features of and treatment strategy in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in 457 diabetics of various age groups (16-39, 40-60, over 60) has revealed a more grave course of this condition in old patients. This may be explained largely by a combination of diabetes mellitus with coronary disease or brain ischemia, that impede timely detection of DKA, this resulting in delayed hospitalization and deterioration of the vital prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Age-related features of the development and course of diabetic ketoacidosis]. 148 May 88

The prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia was retrospectively assessed in a group of 100 consecutive patients with angiographically proved coronary artery disease, and diagnostic ECG, by symptom-limited exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy. Twenty-four patients had no evidence of ischemia despite adequate exercise level. So among 76 patients with exercise induced ischemia, only 33 patients (43%) stopped exercise due to anginal pain (symptomatic ischemia: Group 3). And 43 patients with asymptomatic ischemia composed of 23 patients (30%) with ECG change (Group 2B) and 20 patients (26%) without ECG change (Group 2A). Patients background including the history of old myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus, were similar among Group 2A, 2B, and Group 3. And our major observation was that the extent and severity of quantified SPECT perfusion defects was nearly identical between 3 groups Thus in this study group, there was a rather high prevalence rate of silent ischemia (57%) by exercise thallium-201 criteria. Patients with silent ischemia, associated with positive and negative exercise ECG findings, and those with exercise angina had similar background and comparable amount of jeopardized myocardium.
 ...
PMID:[The prevalence and the clinical characteristics of silent myocardial ischemia detected by stress thallium scintigraphy]. 148 17

Experimental diabetes in rodents has been successfully treated by implantation of isolated islets using a syngenic system (Lewis rats). It is possible to reverse all diabetic symptoms of the animals and to prevent late complications in kidney, eye and nervous system. Although isolated islets are highly immunogenic in an allogenic system immuno-alteration techniques have been developed and succeeded in longterm survival after culture at low temperature (24 degrees C), UV-irradiation, cryopreservation, pretreatment with Ia-antibodies etc. Islet transplantation in larger animals and in man up to now has been less successful. Although in a few studies longterm survival of canine islets has been observed, other groups were less successful using dogs and pigs in auto- or allo-transplantation. In man there are reports from various institutions during the last fifteen years using adult or fetal islet material. Only in a few instances the patients came off insulin for some weeks or months. The reasons for this failure are probably manifold: low number of islets, impurity, long ischemia time before isolation, transplantation to inappropriate sites, impairment of engraftment in longterm diabetic recipients and recurrence of autoimmunity in transplanted islets. Further studies are necessary to overcome these barriers. Recent observations using a higher number of islets (> 500,000) and new immunosuppressive drugs (FK506) seem to be promising.
 ...
PMID:Islet transplantation: clinical and experimental. 149 Jun 85

In the industrialized countries, diabetic retinopathy represents the most frequent cause of blindness during the period of active life. It occurs as two distinct clinical entities: non proliferating retinopathy characterized by dilatation of the retinal capillary bed and alterations in their vascular wall responsible for an increase in permeability, and proliferating retinopathy characterized by the appearance of pre-retinal neovessels secondary to the presence of vast zones of retinal ischemia. Numerous risk factors are implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy: the primordial factor is the optimal equilibration of blood glucose levels. The primum movens of these diabetic lesions could be intoxication of the pericipets and endothelial cells of the retinal capillaries by an accumulation of sorbitol and fructose in this region. Additionally, the hyperglycemia suppresses the functioning of the retinal blood flow feed back system. An increase in systemic blood pressure will therefore be transmitted directly to the damaged capillary bed. In type II diabetes (NID), worsening of the diabetic retinopathy correlates with elevation of the systolic blood pressure. In type I diabetes (ID), worsening of the diabetic retinopathy correlates with an elevated diastolic blood pressure. A diastolic pressure of less than 74 mm Hg is a statistically significant protective factor against the worsening of type I diabetic retinopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of arterial hypertension on diabetic retinopathy]. 149 59

In recent years, the number of elderly patients who require operation has been increasing. We experienced three patients with perioperative brain infarction, occurring respectively, during the preoperative period, just after operation, and three days after operation. All three patients had more than one of the common risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents, including hypertension, advanced age, hyperfibrinogenemia, diabetes mellitus, and past history of cerebrovascular accident. On the basis of our experience with these three patients, we suggest the following: (1) Waiting period of elective surgery should be reconsidered in some cases with a past history of stroke. (2) Some high-risk patients may benefit from anticoagulative or antiaggregative drugs (e.g. low-molecular dextran or prostaglandin E1) to prevent brain ischemia. (3) Abrupt control of hypertension or diabetes mellitus status undoubtedly adversely affects the patient's general condition; and (4) A practical monitoring system to detect regional brain ischemia during operation under general anesthesia should be developed.
 ...
PMID:[Three cases of perioperative brain infarction]. 156 May 89

Cerebrovascular disease is the most important cause of mortality and morbility in some European Countries, but the prevalence of carotid occlusive disease has not been adequately assessed. From 1985 to 1987, 1,143 patients were consecutively evaluated in the Vascular Laboratory in order to determine the presence of extracranial carotid occlusive disease. 638 (55.8%) were males and 505 (44.2%) females and mean age was 58 years (16-87). 509 had previously focal brain ischemia, ocular and/or hemispheric (Group I), 78 had assymptomatic cervical bruit (Group II), 55 non-hemispheric neurologic dysfunction (Group III) and 501 had atypical symptoms for cerebrovascular disease (Group IV). Diagnostic criteria for carotid disease: were peak frequency greater than 4.0 KHz; spectral broadening greater than 40% and late sysstolic turbulence. Global prevalence of carotid disease was 31.8% and the results in each group were: Gr. I-37.2%; Gr. II-57.7%; Gr. III-43.6%; Gr. IV-21.2%. 49% of the patients had hypertension, 22.8% dyslipidemia, 22.4% evidence of coronary disease and 13.6% had diabetes. Hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease and the coexistence of two risk factors were significantly more prevalent in the group of patients with carotid disease. These results confirm a high prevalence of carotid disease in this population, which is comparable to the one is northern european populations.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of extracranial carotid occlusive disease. Non-invasive study]. 157 Jul 56

In recent years, our operative approach to ulceration and gangrene in the diabetic foot has changed markedly. We now investigate all such patients for ischemia, even in the presence of neuropathy and localized infection. This strategy is based on a rejection of the concept of a microvascular occlusive lesion, an improved understanding of the pattern of atherosclerotic occlusion, an emphasis on arteriographic delineation of the foot arteries, and increasing success with extreme distal arterial reconstruction, especially vein bypass grafts to the dorsalis pedis artery. From 1984 through 1990, 2883 procedures were performed at our institution on patients with diabetes mellitus. There was a statistically significant decrease in every category of amputation, which correlated precisely with the increasing rate of dorsalis pedis artery bypass. Our indications for surgery, in-hospital mortality, and the bypass-associated amputation rate did not change.
 ...
PMID:Trends in the care of the diabetic foot. Expanded role of arterial reconstruction. 157 32

The influence of a disturbed hemostasis as one of the causes of retinal vein occlusions is still controversial. We investigated the functional state of the coagulation system in 16 patients, 7 with a nonischemic and 9 with an ischemic retinal vein occlusion, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT). Patients with a history of thromboembolic disease, raised blood pressure and/or badly managed diabetes mellitus were excluded from the investigations. In healthy individuals the plasma concentration is 1.45 ng/ml +/- 0.4 (mean value +/- SD), ranging from 1.0 to 4.1 ng/ml. In our patients we measured TAT concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 48.0 ng/ml. In 2 of 7 plasma samples from patients with nonischemic retinal vein occlusion (2.1-6.3 ng/ml, mean = 3.3, SE +/- 0.6) and in 6 of 9 in ischemic retinal vein occlusion (2.0-48.0, mean = 13.2, SE +/- 5.1) TAT concentrations were found to be increased. These data indicate that disturbed hemostasis may be involved in retinal vein occlusion, especially that caused by ischemia. Furthermore, TAT may be useful in differentiating ischemic from nonischemic retinal vein occlusion.
 ...
PMID:[Thrombin-antithrombin III complex. Cause of venous vascular occlusion of the retina]. 158 96

Neuropathy, mechanical stress, and macrovascular disease are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulceration. Implicit in the development of gangrene and ulceration is the recognition that these factors interact with the microcirculation, resulting in the failure of skin capillary flow to meet nutritive requirements. There is little evidence to associate structural microangiopathy with foot microcirculatory failure. Significant functional abnormalities of the microcirculation have been defined. In accord with the haemodynamic hypothesis early hyperaemia and capillary hypertension promote more sinister late functional abnormalities with increasing duration of diabetes. These late functional abnormalities include loss of autoregulation and reduced hyperaemic responses which interact with loss of neurogenic flow regulation, disturbed endothelial function, and abnormal rheology to produce the familiar clinical picture of the diabetic foot. Ischaemia secondary to multi-segment arterial disease induces additional abnormalities of microcirculatory function which are superimposed on the pre-existing diabetic microvascular structural and functional microangiopathy.
 ...
PMID:Aetiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a role for the microcirculation? 160 Jul 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>