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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This prospective study determines the presence of a consistent endocrine disturbance in patients with endometrial carcinoma. A major requirement of the study was an unbiased control group matched as to age, race, economic status, and primary reason for referral. All patients with untreated endometrial carcinoma or postmenopausal bleeding were studied and grouped into: 1) endometrial carcinoma (n=56), and 2) atrophic endometrium (n=83), or the "bleeding" controls. Average age of patients with carcinoma was 63.9 years and that of controls, 61.3 years. Factors studied were glucose metabolism, estrogenic activity, gonadotropin excretion, obesity, hypertension, time of climacteric, fertility, and menstrual history. By averaging deviations from ideal weight, cancer patients were found to be 13.1 pounds heavier than the control group (49.8 pounds vs. 36.7 for the controls). Analysis of fertility data showed that age at time of marriage in patients who were parous compared with those who were nulliparous was 20.1 and 26.8 years respectively for the carcinoma group, and 20.4 and 27.5 years for the bleeding controls. Of parous cancer patients, 6.3% used contraception vs. 13% of the controls. These data do not suggest that pregnancy prevention by late marriage or contraception plays a significant role in the later development of endometrial carcinoma. Hypertension, time of menopause, diabetes, estrogenic activity, and gonadotropin excretion did not exhibit significant effects in the development of carcinoma. The findings support those of Corscaden, Fertig, and Gusberg that obesity and infertility are statistical concomitants with endometrial carcinoma but contradict current belief that there is direct evidence of abnormal endocrine state (e.g., glucose metabolism, estrogen stimulation, or anterior pituitary activity).
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PMID:Endocrine factors in endometrial carcinoma. A preliminary report. 601 48

Epidemiological data on 1017 cases of primary cancer of endometrium in Israel diagnosed over a 7-year period are presented. Incidence of corpus cancer in Israel has not changed in the last decade; the mean incidence for the current study is 18.73/100,000 women above the age of 25. Eight percent of patients were above the age of 51, with a steep increase of incidence being found above the age of 35. Endometrial carcinoma was four to five times more prevalent in Jewish women of European-American origin than in those of Asian-African background. In 85% of the patients diagnosis was made while the disease was in Stage I. A strong correlation was found between endometrial cancer and infertility, but no correlation was found with diabetes and hypertension. The five-year survival rate in the present survey was 65.0%. Factors affecting prognosis and clinical stage of the disease at diagnosis, degree of myometrial invasion, tumor differentiation, age of the patient and type of treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Endometrial cancer in Israel, 1969-1975. 613 Sep 92

The proestrus preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was absent or delayed in more than 56% of untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Absence of LH surge was associated with anovulation. Insulin treatment for 10-14 days restored the diminished surge and ovulation frequency. Pituitary LH release in response to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration in diabetic rats was not different from controls. Impaired hypothalamic function may comprise the basis for the increased incidence of infertility in diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes 1984 Apr
PMID:Absent or delayed preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in experimental diabetes mellitus. 636 91

Continuous delivery of drugs from portable and implantable pumps offers several advantages over intermittent therapy, including control and maintenance of blood levels of the drug within a narrow therapeutic range, and increased predictability of response. Clinical applications are discussed in the areas of diabetes mellitus, infertility and delayed puberty, iron overload, anticoagulation, analgesia, prevention of premature labour, cardiac arrhythmias, dissolution of gallstones and anticancer therapy.
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PMID:Clinical applications of infusion systems. 638 71

A cohort of 23 233 women who had received estrogen prescriptions was recruited for a prospective study of estrogen therapy and the associated risk of endometrial cancer. For a detailed study, a comprehensive questionnaire was mailed to 735 randomly sampled cohort members, and 89 per cent of them responded. Estrogen exposure and its implications were described in a preceding paper (part I). The present paper reports the distribution in the cohort sample of personal features known to be risk factors for endometrial cancer. A comparison with results from various materials derived from population-based surveys and case-control studies implied that the cohort members might have a lower proportion of nulliparity (infertility) and a somewhat higher prevalence of hypertension. Differences in the distributions of age at menarche or menopause, weight, height and prevalence of diabetes were according to these comparisons slight and probably without clinical significance. It was concluded that the prevalence of risk factors for endometrial cancer other than estrogen exposure was not higher in the cohort than in the background population. Moreover, approximately one-fifth of the estrogen takers had been freed of their risk through hysterectomies.
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PMID:Characteristics of estrogen-treated women. A descriptive epidemiological study of a Swedish population. Part II. 663 3

Since 1974, 900 patients with erectile dysfunction from various causes underwent implantation of a semi-flexible prosthesis, generally of the Small-Carrion type. The largest group had arteriosclerotic or hypertensive cardiovascular disease. The second largest group was composed of patients with diabetes mellitus. Those in the third group had undergone prostatectomy, cystectomy, or abdominal-perineal resection. For a large number of patients a diagnosis of psychogenic impotence was reached, mainly from the results of the history questionnaire and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Complications were rare (8.1%). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations include correct selection of prosthesis, rigorous antibiotic coverage, prevention or care of perforation, and possible need for reoperation. The results were almost uniformly successful. Psychogenic cases and instances of infertility related to the impotence are reviewed.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of impotence with Small-Carrion prosthesis. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations. 671 88

Diabetes which occurs spontaneously in the BB Wistar rat is associated with reduced fertility, predominantly in breeding males. In the first month of diabetes, there is a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in serum testosterone associated with a transient decrease of serum LH and the accumulation of lipid in Leydig cells. Between one and three months of diabetes, there is an increase in both serum testosterone and LH and a further deposition of lipid droplets in Leydig cells. From three to six months of diabetes, there is a reduction of serum testosterone similar to age-matched controls, but high serum LH levels persist. Similar levels of LH and testosterone are noted after six months of diabetes, and all BB rats show marked changes in seminiferous tubules. These morphological changes in tubules consist of increased tubular wall thickness, severe germ-cell depletion, and Sertoli-cell vacuolization. Similar morphological changes of testes associated with generalized atrophy are noted in all control rats after 16 months of age. Decreased fertility in the BB rat appears to be associated with a primary disorder of Leydig cells, which precedes changes in seminiferous tubules consistent with accelerated aging. Preliminary data in impotent diabetic men suggest that the BB rat may be a valuable model for investigating human diabetic impotence and infertility.
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PMID:Gonadal dysfunction in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. 686 64

A review of literature, mainly the results of studies conducted in America, shows obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, infertility/nulliparity, late menopause, high endogenous oestrogen production, and the use of oestrogens to be the main factors associated with the development of endometrial carcinoma. Whilst most of these factors undoubtedly apply irrespective of country, doubt in Finland about the use of oestrogens being a risk factor was one of the reasons prompting the study reported here. This study, which was conducted in Turku, Finland, involved 318 endometrial carcinoma patients, 282 of whom could be paired with controls matched for age, height and weight, and social class. The data show the use of oestrogens per se not to be a risk factor. The fact that there appears to be a risk in America, where most of the oestrogenic preparations used are based on conjugated equine oestrogens, but not in Finland, where the preference is for preparations based on oestriol and oestradiol and where conjugated oestrogen preparations are relatively rarely used, supports the hypothesis that the risk depends on the type of oestrogen used.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma risk factors, with special reference to the use of oestrogens. 699 4

The hypothalami, pituitaries and testes from streptozotocin-treated and control male Wistar rats were examined by light and electron microscopy 12 months after induction of diabetes. Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical techniques were employed for the localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone in the hypothalami and the pituitaries. In the hypothalami of diabetic animals swollen neuronal processes containing anti-luteinizing hormone-releasing-hormone positive material were frequent. In the pituitaries of the same animals a large number of small luteinizing hormone-gonadotrophs was found. These cells contained numerous secretory granules and were deficient in endoplasmic reticulum. The average testicular weight of the diabetic rats was significantly reduced but with marked individual variations. Histologically, the testes with the highest weights appeared normal, those with the lowest weights atrophic with few degenerating Leydig cells. these hypothalamic-hypophyseal changes are probably responsible for the testicular lesions found in experimental diabetes mellitus and may have relevance to the problem of infertility in human diabetes.
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PMID:Morphological changes in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis of male rats after twelve months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 702 62

During the 20 years since the oral contraceptive was introduced, it has been used by some 150 million women around the world, and is perhaps the most carefully monitored medication in history. This vast body of research shows that for the overwhelming majority of healthy women under 30, the benefits of the pill continue to outweigh the risks. The most serious life threatening risks are those involving the cardiovascular system: heart attack, stroke, and throboembolism. However, deaths from these causes would be reduced by 1/2 if women using the pill did not smoke; further reductions would result if women with high blood pressure, high chloresterol levels and diabetes millitus did not use the pill. There is no evidence thus far to justify fears that the pill might be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Most studies show that not only is there no association between pill use and cancer of the ovaries, uterus and breast, but pill use may protect against ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women taking the pill are 1/4 as likely to develop benign breast lumps as nonusers, 1/14 as likely to develop ovarian cysts, 2/3 as likely to develop iron deficiency anemia, and 1/2 as likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis -- all relatively common conditions. In addition, pelvic inflammatory disease, a major cause of infertility, appears to occur only 1/2 as often among pill users as among nonusers. The risk to life among pill users younger than 30 who do not smoke is very small (virtually the same as that of users of the IUD, diaphragm, or condom) and is much lower than the risk of birth-related deaths among women who use no birth control.
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PMID:The pill at 20: an assessment. 720 90


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