Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical use of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1; also known as VR1) antagonists is based on the concept that endogenous agonists acting on TRPV1 might provide a major contribution to certain pain conditions. Indeed, a number of small-molecule TRPV1 antagonists are already undergoing Phase I/II clinical trials for the indications of chronic inflammatory pain and migraine. Moreover, animal models suggest a therapeutic value for TRPV1 antagonists in the treatment of other types of pain, including pain from cancer. We argue that TRPV1 antagonists alone or in conjunction with other analgesics will improve the quality of life of people with migraine, chronic intractable pain secondary to cancer, AIDS or diabetes. Moreover, emerging data indicate that TRPV1 antagonists could also be useful in treating disorders other than pain, such as urinary urge incontinence, chronic cough and irritable bowel syndrome. The lack of effective drugs for treating many of these conditions highlights the need for further investigation into the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 antagonists.
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PMID:The vanilloid receptor TRPV1: 10 years from channel cloning to antagonist proof-of-concept. 1746 95

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is one of the few reversible causes of dementia in older adults and accounts for approximately 6% of all dementias. The cardinal sign of NPH is a hypokinetic gait disorder in which the older adult's feet look as though they are glued to the floor. The gait also has been described as magnetic. People with NPH also may have mild dementia and bladder and bowel incontinence. A 78-year-old man exhibited symptoms of NPH for at least 4 years before being diagnosed. A neurological assessment of the patient revealed gait, posture, and balance abnormalities; mild dementia; and urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and incontinence at least once a day. His risk factors for NPH included diabetes and hypertension. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed dilated lateral ventricles in the brain. A lumbar puncture was used to remove 50 ml of cerebrospinal fluid, which resulted in a transient improvement in his gait for approximately 18 hours. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was then inserted in the patient, and during a 1-year period his symptoms gradually improved. He recovered without any complications and was eventually able to resume his usual activities. When the gait associated with NPH is observed in an older adult, he or she should be referred to a neurologist or multidisciplinary team for a comprehensive evaluation. If an individual receives treatment for NPH, he or she may have an improved quality of life and the opportunity to reduce functional limitations and disability. Families may also experience positive outcomes, such as having a loved one who is cognitively improved and requires less care.
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PMID:Gait disorder is the cardinal sign of normal pressure hydrocephalus: a case study. 1759 8

A very old patient cannot be treated strictly in accordance with the general diabetes guidelines. Rather, interactions between the diabetes and such geriatric syndromes as, for example, dementia, depression, incontinence and immobility also need to be taken into account. In the first instance our concern is to improve the patient's well being and his/her quality of life. It is necessary to tailor not only pharmacotherapy, but also general therapeutic measures, to the specific situation of the individual patient. For this purpose, novel forms of treatment that take account of the specific geriatric aspect of the diabetic are required.
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PMID:[Treating diabetes in the very old]. 1766 89

Up to 60% of the patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from gastrointestinal tract symptoms that arise pathogenetically from a disturbance of the autonomous nervous system. Patient age, disease duration and poor control of diabetes mellitus correlate positively with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Chronic constipation, in addition to diarrhoea, gall bladder dysfunction and incontinence, is increasingly regarded as a serious problem and for the first time, is now considered in the current guidelines of the professional societies. Modern diagnosis and treatment facilitate systematic control of the symptoms. Treatment necessitates long-term intake of laxatives, proper diabetes control and other accompanying general measures such as adequate amounts of liquids, dietary fibre and exercise. Motility and secretion-stimulating, osmotically active or locally applied laxatives are used. Slow transit constipation, which is typically observed in diabetics, can be best controlled with polyethylene glycol, bisacodyl or sodium picosulphate.
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PMID:[Constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 1807 69

The aim was to measure prevalence and correlates of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling Mexican American (MA) and European American (EA) women from a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal cohort. Participants were MA and EA women, aged 65 years and older, in the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA), of whom 421 (97.4%) responded to the question "How often do you have difficulty holding your urine until you can get to a toilet." Measurements included sociodemographic, functional, cognitive, psychosocial, and clinical status variables derived from bilingual interviews and performance-based tests. Urinary incontinence prevalence was 36.6% (n=154). MA women reported less incontinence than did EAs (29% versus 45%, p=0.001). In multivariable analyses in MA women, urinary incontinence correlated with the presence of fecal incontinence (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1-14.0) and more dependency in activities of daily living (1.4, 1.1-1.8) after controlling for significant sociodemographic factors. In EA women, only age >75 (4.2, 1.4-12.4) was associated with urinary incontinence. MA women were less likely to report incontinence compared to EAs, despite MAs having increased number of children, less education, higher BMI, and more diabetes. Further research is needed to evaluate risk factors for urinary incontinence among MA women.
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PMID:Urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older Mexican American and European American women. 1831 55

In the United States, 4.9 million people aged 65 years and older have Alzheimer's disease (AD). Medicare costs for patients with heart disease, diabetes, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dementia are higher than for those without dementia. Although one principle of care for persons with AD is "do not hospitalize," comorbidities may require inpatient care. This article presents a definition, the diagnostic criteria for AD, and information about differential diagnosis, risk factors, pathology, progression, evidence base for practice, assessment, pharmacologic management, guidelines for general inpatient care, discharge planning, and interventions related to communications, environment, spirituality, special tasks (eating, protecting tubes and dressings, bathing), stages of AD, and special problems (wandering, pain, incontinence, hallucinations, aggression).
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PMID:Inpatient care for persons with Alzheimer's disease. 1831 39

More than two-thirds of all diabetics in Germany are older than 60, and a considerable number with multimorbidity and functional disorders must be considered "geriatric patients". Geriatric syndromes (e.g. intellectual decline, immobility, incontinence and instability) appear to be closely interrelated to diabetes in the old patient. By achieving close-to-normal control of blood sugar, geriatric syndromes can also be improved. In the case of geriatric diabetics, certain peculiarities in terms of diet, instruction, pharmacotherapy and compliance must receive consideration. In addition to the reduction of sequelae and concomitant diseases, an improvement in quality of life achieved by prolonging the impairment-free intervals is the main therapeutic aim in the elderly patient.
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PMID:[Specific aspects of diabetes management in the elderly]. 1843 73

Management of pressure sores still represents a major challenge in plastic surgery practice due to recurrence. The surgeon may have to face multiple or recurrent pressure ulcerations without any local flap left. In this very limited indication, free flap surgery appears to be a useful adjunct in the surgical treatment. We reviewed our charts looking for patients operated for a pressure sore of the sacral, ischial, or trochanteric region. We found 88 consecutive patients representing 108 different pressure sores and 141 flap procedures. Among these patients, 6 presented large sores that could not be covered with a pedicled flap and benefited from free flap surgery (4.2% of all procedures). Stable coverage was achieved in 80% of these patients after a mean follow-up of 32 months. Comparison between pedicled and free flaps groups showed a trend in the latest concerning the presence of diabetes, incontinence, paraplegia, and male sex.
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PMID:Free flaps for pressure sore coverage. 1852 Jan 97

Diabetes mellitus has a prevalence of up to 25% in the age group above 75 years and is thus a major disease of the elderly. Geriatric syndromes (e.g. immobility or falls, incontinence or intellectual decline) occur more often in the diabetic elderly. Moreover there is a mutual interaction between the syndromes and the control and therapy of diabetes. This fact can be explained by the molecular mechanisms of frailty. Advanced glycation end products, inflammatorial cytokines like IL-6 or TNF-alpha are elevated in subjects with metabolic syndrome as well as in frail elderly. Insulin has anabolic effects inhibiting protein catabolism. The situation of frail elderly with diabetes sometimes can be improved by starting an insulin therapy because of its anabolic effects beyond the action of normalizing blood glucose.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus]. 1867 93

Diabetes mellitus results in neuropathy of both somatic and visceral nerves. In diabetic patients with faecal incontinence, impaired rectal sensory function, manifested by a decreased sensitivity to balloon distention is common. This may contribute to unawareness of rectal filling and incontinence. There has been little study to date of visceral mechanosensation in experimental diabetes however. We hypothesized that experimental diabetes would impair mechanosensitivity in rectal afferent nerves. Diabetes was induced in rats by i.p. injection of streptozotocin. Controls were injected with citrate. In vitro recordings were performed from rectal afferent nerves innervating isolated segments of rectum. In control animals, three distinct populations of mechanosensitive fibres were identified. Low threshold fibres responded at low intensity stretch and reached a maximal firing rate at less than 10 g of stretch (11/24 units). Wide dynamic sensitivity units responded at low intensity stretch (<2 g) but encoded stimulus intensity in a linear fashion up to 20 g (12/24 units). High threshold units responded at greater than 5 g. In diabetic animals there was a near complete loss of LT units (1/19) and most (16/29) had properties similar to WD units. However, their response threshold was significantly increased. Firing rates in response to maximal distention did not change in diabetic animals. We conclude that experimental diabetes selectively affects the detection of low threshold 'physiologic' rectal distention, such as that which might occur during rectal filling, prior to defaecation.
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PMID:Impairment of rectal afferent mechanosensitivity in experimental diabetes in the rat. 1923 26


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