Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 8-year-old boy had been suffering from chronic autoimmune neutropenia for more than 5 years. The neutropenia proved to be resistant to high-dose steroids and intravenous (either low-or high-dose) immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy. The chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia and recurrent phases of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia did, however, respond to high-dose prednisone. Other signs of immune dysregulation in this patient consisted of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I (IDDM) and an acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, most compatible with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). Prior to rhG-CSF therapy the child had suffered for more than 2 years from recurrent life-threatening bacterial infections. Anti-neutrophil autoantibodies had pan-Fc gamma RIII (CD116, NA1/NA2) specificity. The neutropenia as well as the antineutrophil autoantibodies disappeared when subcutaneous rhG-CSF therapy was started. Upon tapering rhG-CSF, anti-Fc gamma RIII antibodies reappeared together with an absolute neutropenia. Renewed administration resulted again in the normalization of symptoms. Soluble Fc gamma RIII (sFc gamma RIII) antigen levels in plasma increased dramatically during rhG-CSF treatment. These high levels of sFc gamma RIII together with increased numbers as well as decreased apoptotic reactions of neutrophils apparently result in adsorption of the autoantibodies in vivo, contributing to the normalization of autoimmune-mediated neutropenia upon rhG-CSF treatment. Long-term administration of rhG-CSF represents as alternative in the treatment of autoimmune neutropenia.
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PMID:The use of rhG-CSF in chronic autoimmune neutropenia: reversal of autoimmune phenomena, a case history. 907 39

Twelve cases of necrotizing fasciitis were identified retrospectively over a 5-year period. All were associated with a history of substance abuse by injection or with diabetes. Eleven of the 12 infections were associated with beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, a mixed anaerobic aerobic infection, or both. Three of five patients tested for human immunodeficiency virus had positive test results. A wide extensile approach was used to debride necrotic fascia. An average of 3 debridements were necessary, with a range of 1-6 debridements. Two patients under-went shoulder disarticulation because of uncontrollable infection. The rapid and destructive nature of this disease makes early recognition, aggressive debridement, and antibiotic therapy necessary to minimize morbidity.
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PMID:Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity. 884 69

Abnormally high postabsorptive venous plasma glutamate levels have been reported for several diseases that are associated with a loss of body cell mass including cancer, human/simian immunodeficiency virus infection, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Studies on exchange rates in well-nourished cancer patients now show that high venous plasma glutamate levels may serve as a bona fide indicator for a decreased uptake of glutamate by the peripheral muscle tissue in the postabsorptive period and may be indicative for a precachectic state. High glutamate levels are also moderately correlated with a decreased uptake of glucose and ketone bodies. Relatively high venous glutamate levels have also been found in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to some extent also in the cubital vein of normal elderly subjects, i.e., in conditions commonly associated with a decreased glucose tolerance and progressive loss of body cell mass.
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PMID:Elevated venous glutamate levels in (pre)catabolic conditions result at least partly from a decreased glutamate transport activity. 886 15

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV) patients frequently present left ventricular dysfunction. Its etiology is not elucidated but zidovudine has been postulated as a possible cause factor. This study is an attempt to clarify this issue by evaluating the effect of zidovudine therapy on left ventricular function in these patients. We prospectively studied by echocardiographic examination 11 consecutive HIV-infected patients who were assigned for zidovudine therapy. We excluded patients that had a history or a physical examination suggestive of ischemic, rheumatic, congenital, or hypertensive heart disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus, excessive ethanol intake and patients on potentially cardiodepressant drugs were also excluded. Echocardiographic examination was performed immediately before the initiation of zidovudine therapy and 1 and 3 months later. Left ventricular diameters, mass and fractional shortening showed no significant difference from baseline, at 1 or 3 months after the initiation of zidovudine therapy. Our results suggest that zidovudine therapy has no effect on left ventricular diameters, mass or fractional shortening during a short term.
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PMID:Zidovudine therapy and left ventricular function and mass in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 896 Jun 21

A 26-year old female developed acute fulminant amoebic colitis during the post-partum period, successfully managed by subtotal colonic resection without anastomosis. Fulminant transmural amoebic colitis is a rare life-threatening complication of invasive bowel amebiasis. Pregnancy, delivery, diabetes mellitus and immunodeficiency are the main risk factors. At pathologic examination, bowel wall necrosis can be seen with amoebae present in the lumen of capillary vessels. The diagnosis of amoebic colonic perforation is difficult, especially in a non-endemic area. Conservative surgical management is required in non-perforated forms. If perforated, the bowel must be resected, limited to macroscopic lesions.
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PMID:[Post-partum malignant amebic colitis. Apropos of a case]. 903 27

The manifestation of postoperative wound infection has a tri-factorial basis: the overall systemic trauma and the additional effects of premorbidity (age, diabetes, etc.), the local host damage resulting from both the accident and surgery, and the bacterial contamination of the wound. The first factor is only moderately open to intervention, however, the amount of local host damage caused during the operation can be influenced directly by the surgeon who must ensure that his operating techniques are non-aggressive and in line with current knowledge. The factor of the intraoperative bacterial inoculum can be modified by attention to hygiene. The latter two factors are in direct relation to the following two hypotheses: Every wound is able to tolerate some local host damage and some bacterial inoculum without manifestation of infection. The bacterial wound flora is the product of the bacterial invasion force and the local wound conditions. The bacterial wound flora and the local condition of the wound are interrelated. If either factor exceeds the tolerable threshold, infection will become manifest, i.e. there will be an uncontrollable proliferation of bacteria. The level of this breaking point may depend upon certain systemic host factors such as age, diabetes, or immunodeficiency. Consequently, the prevention of infection must focus simultaneously on minimizing the local bacterial inoculum and optimizing local wound conditions. Future studies should concentrate on identifying the exact nature of the individual factors promoting infection, their quantification, and their relative importance.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of infection--a theoretical approach. 903 47

Focal hepatosplenic candidiasis has been increasingly recognized as a variant of disseminated candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. It rarely presents as Candida splenic abscess. Its occurrence in non-leukemic patients is quite rare. A patient with diabetes mellitus and previously undiagnosed sickle cell trait presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Candida splenic abscess was diagnosed. She was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and fluconazole. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Candida splenic abscess is reviewed, and its relationship to diabetes mellitus and sickle cell disease without major immunodeficiency is discussed.
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PMID:Candida splenic abscess in the absence of obvious immunodeficiency. 906 81

Xenotransplantation is a potential solution to the current donor shortage for allotransplantation. Likewise it is being investigated for a number of other disease states such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and acquired immunodeficiency disease. Infections are a concern with the use of any biologic agent and as such have proved to be a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality after allotransplantation. Similarly, infections will likely cause disease after xenotransplantation. Public debate on the ethics of whether the field of xenotransplantation should move forward has focused on the concern of novel infections, xenozoonoses. Accordingly, the role of animal microbes must be critically examined. This article reviews mechanisms for xenogeneic infections and details what is known and what still needs to be learned as the field of xenotransplantation progresses. Emphasis is placed on microbial agents of baboons and swine, as they are currently the most common species considered as donor sources for xenotransplantation.
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PMID:Infectious concerns of cross-species transplantation: xenozoonoses. 936 13

The reason of increased susceptibility to frequent and protracted infections in diabetic patients is still unclear, although a multitude of "in vitro" studies have focused on the metabolic and functional modifications of the immune cells. From the literature immune abnormalities have been demonstrated "in vitro models" in genetic (type 1), autoimmune (type 2) and metabolic (type 1 and type 2) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and concisely referred in this paper. Diabetes microangiopathy, which is a peculiar alteration of the disease has been extensively described on many sites such as retina, renal glomeruli, skin etc, but as far as we know, not yet in the lymph-nodes. Therefore we report our histological and immunohistochemical observations in lymph-nodes removed from four patients with long-term IDDM, submitted to autoptic examination. On the clinical history all had shown, in the last years, lymphocytopenia and several infective diseases. The peculiar microangiopatic modifications appear joint to lymphodepletion of B and T cell dependent areas with marked reduction of follicular dendritic reticulum cells. The microangiopathy of thin intranodal capillaries besides compromise the diapedesis and traffic of the T and B lymphocytes could prevent the transformation of endothelial cells into dendritic reticulum cells. Indeed from the recent literature the dendritic reticulum cells should appear derived from transformed endothelial cells. This histological and immunohistochemical report could thence provide some additional knowledge about the complex problem of the immunodeficiency in diabetic patients.
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PMID:[Could lymph node microangiopathy play a part in the immunodeficiency of diabetes? Histological and immunohistochemical study of lymph nodes from 4 patients with long-term insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjected to autopsy examination]. 938 Apr 21

Mucormycosis is an uncommon infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, family Mucoraceae, and almost always occurs in individuals with predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic acidosis, or immunodeficiency states. Although mucormycosis is a rare infection in childhood, sporadic cases of skin infections have been described in young infants and older children; primary skin infection has been associated with multiple nosocomial outbreaks caused by contaminated elastic bandages. In all reported cases involving premature infants, the elimination of the infection involved surgical debridement. We report for the first time successful conservative treatment with intravenous amphotericin B in a premature infant with primary cutaneous infection caused by Rhizopus oryzae.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a premature infant: case report and review of the literature. 947 85


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