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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (CNS) account for 0.3% to 1.5% of all intracranial neoplasms. Several reports have noted a coincidence between this neoplasm and serologic evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but in only a few instances has the EBV genome been demonstrated in these tumors. To further evaluate the frequency of this occurrence, we analyzed primary CNS lymphomas using nucleic acid hybridization methods and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In situ hybridization was used in selected cases. Sequences of EBV were found in two of nine cases by PCR and in situ hybridization. Southern blot hybridization of genomic DNA from these samples was negative for EBV. Both tumors arose in patients with conditions shown to produce secondary immunodeficiency, namely, chronic alcohol abuse and diabetes mellitus. We conclude that the association of EBV and CNS lymphoma is not restricted to patients with severe primary immune deficiency, and that PCR can be applied successfully to paraffin-embedded tissue for the detection of low-abundance viral sequences.
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PMID:Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus in primary central nervous system lymphomas by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. 184 6

Restriction of food intake (R) in the C57BL/KsJ db/db diabetic mutant mouse prevents phenotypic expression of diabetes, whereas ad libitum feeding (AL) results in spontaneous diabetes. Previous results showed that coxsackievirus B4 (CB4)-infected genetically identical db/db mice with and without diabetes could be distinguished by the levels of CB4-neutralizing antibody and virus-specific antibodies as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the numbers of splenic antibody-forming cells. Our results show that the diabetic genotype db/db R was deficient in total spleen lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets and was unable to produce agglutinating antibody to sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs) or specific antibody to noninfectious CB4. The db/db AL mutant expressing the diabetic phenotype was not as deficient in spleen cell parameters. The response to noninfectious CB4 was delayed but substantial. The db/db AL mouse was also unique with its higher agglutinating antibody levels after virus infection than its uninfected control or the infected or uninfected db/db R mouse. In vitro SRBC immunization of spleen lymphocytes determined that this enhanced response was largely dependent on the diabetic milieu and was not a property of the cells. Genetic predisposition to diabetes is characterized by immunodeficiency as evident from inadequate levels of antibodies to infectious or noninfectious antigens and absolute and relative deficiency in spleen lymphocyte subsets and total numbers of spleen cells. Phenotypic expression of diabetes results in partial amelioration of the immunodeficiency evident in diabetic genotype db/db R without disease.
Diabetes 1990 Jun
PMID:Immunodeficiency as primary phenotype of diabetes mutation db. Studies with coxsackievirus B4. 216 67

In the literature an increasingly large body of evidence has revealed disturbances of zinc metabolism and a consecutive zinc deficit in a broad spectrum of chronic diseases. The authors call attention to the therapeutic benefit of zinc substitution mainly in chronic hepatic diseases, pancreatitis and colitis, as well as in diabetes and in several cases of immunodeficiency with various complications. Since suitable preparations are not available on the market 'possibilities concerning zinc substitution are rather limited. There is a real need for completing our therapeutic arsenal with an up-to-date zinc preparate, possibly in combination with a magnesium compound.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of zinc]. 221 27

A patient with diabetes mellitus who developed the typical classic lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma is described. Our patient presented with a reddish-purple papulonodular lesion on the right foot of five months' duration. A skin biopsy specimen showed a proliferation of spindle cells forming numerous vascular slits and a diffuse extravasation of erythrocytes. The patient's sera was negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated fibroblast-like spindle cells phagocytosing and digesting red blood cells to form vascular spaces. The patient died, due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and the autopsy revealed an extensive visceral involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma: a light and electron microscopic study. 222 44

Mucormycosis is an uncommon infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. During an 8-year period, mucormycosis was diagnosed in 13 patients from three Madrid hospitals. There were 8 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 21 to 75 years (mean 45 years). There were several underlying diseases, and 4 patients had more than one. Five had diabetes mellitus, 4 chronic renal failure, 2 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 2 were narcotic abusers and were infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 was a carrier of a renal allograft and 1 had systemic necrotizing vasculitis. There were different clinical presentations: rhino-orbital in 3, paranasal in 2, cutaneous in 2, pulmonary in 2, primary cerebral in 2, rhinocerebral in 1, and peritoneal in 1. The diagnosis was made during the first week in 6 patients, in the second week in 4, and it was delayed for more than one month in 2. Fresh examination of clinical samples was carried out in 3 patients and hyphae were visualized in all 3. Cultures were taken in 10 patients and they were positive in 7. All isolates were identified as Rhizopus sp. One patient died within 24 hours without being treated, 12 were treated with amphotericin B and 9 received surgical therapy. Six patients (46%) died. The involvement of central nervous system and the absence of surgical therapy were associated with a poor outcome. These results indicate that mucormycosis can develop in several clinical contexts and has a varying clinical presentation. It is a potentially curable infections when early diagnosed and appropriately treated.
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PMID:[Mucormycosis. The disease spectrum in 13 patients]. 239 7

A male adolescent with common variable immunodeficiency developed type I diabetes approximately 1 year after the initiation of immunoglobulin therapy. Immunologic evaluation revealed decreased numbers of T cells and an intrinsic B cell defect in immunoglobulin production. Lymphocytes from the patient failed to generate normal suppressor activity. There were no insulin or islet cell antibodies present in the patient's serum or in the commercial immunoglobulin preparations he received. The patient's HLA phenotype included HLA-DR3 and 4, placing him genetically at high risk for type I diabetes.
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PMID:Type I diabetes in an adolescent with common variable immunodeficiency. 252 61

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were detected in 9 of 123 (7.3%) cats. More clinically ill cats had titers to FIV than did healthy cats (15% vs 3.6%). Previous or current illnesses in these FIV-positive cats included urinary bladder disease, anemia, cat-bite abscesses, bacterial infections, bleeding disorders, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory tract disease. All FIV-positive cats were males, with mean age of 6.0 years (range, 1 to 11 years). Half (n = 3) of the clinically ill FIV-positive cats were concurrently seropositive for FeLV antigen. Three of the ill cats were euthanatized or died 1 month after initially testing, whereas the remaining 3 ill cats and the 3 healthy FIV-positive cats were healthy 1 year after initial testing. Antibody titer to FIV persisted in 4 of 5 cats, but serotest results were equivocal in 1 cat evaluated 1 year later.
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PMID:Seroepidemiologic survey of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of Wake County, North Carolina. 253 71

The increased risk for exposure of clinical pharmacists to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is described, and their role in minimizing the risk to themselves and others is delineated. Increasingly, pharmacists are becoming involved in patient-care activities that place them at risk for HIV exposure. These activities include participation on cardiac resuscitation teams, monitoring concentrations of drugs in patient samples that they themselves may collect, administering intravenous drugs, and performing a wide variety of primary-care duties in such outpatient settings as anticoagulation, diabetes, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-oncology clinics. Pharmacists can protect themselves against HIV infection by following established infection control procedures; at the same time, they must exercise responsibility for the safety of their associates, of pharmacy technicians, students, and residents, and of other health-care workers. In many institutions this responsibility is shared with nurses. As educators, pharmacists must play a leading role in the dissemination of correct, up-to-date information about HIV infection, body substances precautions, and new product use and availability in both the hospital and the community. The expanded role of pharmacists places them at higher risk for HIV infection but also creates opportunities for them to exercise leadership in the fight against AIDS.
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PMID:Risk of exposure to HIV infection for clinical pharmacists. 261 Feb 18

About half of the general population harbors Candida species in oral flora, and oral candidal infections are common. However, in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients, candidiasis may progress to life-threatening systemic disease. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV disease, diabetes, or leukemia are particularly prone to serious systemic infection. Chemotherapy for cancer and bone marrow and organ transplantation also provide physiologic opportunities for candidal colonization. Topical therapy has the potential to prevent and treat candidiasis with less risk of side effects and drug interactions than systemic therapy. Among the effective topical agents are polyene antifungal antibiotics and imidazole compounds. Some of these agents have been found useful in prevention of serious candidal infection in high-risk patients; however, more study is needed in this area.
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PMID:Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis. Topical agents for management and prevention. 264 72

The health condition of man has changed considerably since life insurance companies have been established. The initial problem of the companies was the fact that many young persons died from tuberculosis. For many decades persons from families with tuberculosis cases or with underweight were not accepted for insurance on their lives. Nevertheless companies observed many deaths causes by this disease. Medical directors and actuaries studied these cases in detail (dates and numbers), even of the deceased. The resulting statistics formed the premium calculation basis for persons with an increased risk. Comparative studies allowed acceptance for more people. Within the last decades when sulfonamides, antibiotics and insulin were discovered and produced the mortality ratio decreased. Nowadays, even persons who suffered from tuberculosis do not present an increased risk anymore. The life expectancy has doubled during the last century. This is why degenerative diseases increased, especially the coronary heart diseases. While thirty years ago the mortality ratio stood at about 500%, improved medical and surgical therapy made prognosis easier and when risk factors can be eliminated the mortality ratio tends to be less than 200%. Since insulin is available, patients with type I-diabetes do not die anymore in coma, the remaining risk is the sclerosis of the vessels. Diabetes with adults increases with overweight, high blood pressure and hyperlipemia. The mortality ratio depends on these risk factors. Morbus Crohn, first described in 1932, seems to increase. Life insurance needs more long-term statistical data. For only some years we are confronted with the immunodeficiency "Aids".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Change in the panorama of chronic diseases and their insurability by life insurance]. 273 88


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