Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Organ-specific autoimmune endocrine disorders may present as single diseases or may occur together in polyendocrine syndromes. We present a report of 23-year-old female with Graves' disease and concurrent hypocalcemia. As she lacked other specific features of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes, the most likely diagnosis was Graves' disease coexisting with autoimmune hypoparathyroidism.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2003 Sep
PMID:Graves' disease coexisting with probable autoimmune hypoparathyroidism. 1452 Jun 6

The prevalence of autoantibodies against nine intracellular enzyme autoantigens, namely 21-hydroxylase, side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), 17 alpha-hydroxylase, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), tyrosine hydroxylase, cytochrome P450 1A2, and against the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, was assessed in 90 patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the presence of autoantibodies as independent predictors for different disease manifestations. Reactivities against 21-hydroxylase and SCC were associated with Addison's disease with odds ratios (ORs) of 7.8 and 6.8, respectively. Hypogonadism was exclusively associated with autoantibodies against SCC with an OR of 12.5. Autoantibodies against tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 were associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with an OR of 14.9, but with low sensitivity. Reactivities against TPH and, surprisingly, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, were associated with intestinal dysfunction, with ORs of 3.9 and 6.7, respectively. TPH reactivity was the best predictor for autoimmune hepatitis, with an OR of 27.0. Hypoparathyroidism was not associated with reactivity against any of the autoantigens tested. No reactivity against the calcium-sensing receptor was found. Analysis of autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I patients is a useful tool for establishing autoimmune manifestations of the disease as well as providing diagnosis in patients with suspected disease.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and clinical associations of 10 defined autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. 1476 59

This observational study analyzes Ca-P metabolism and its impact on bone mass accrual and density and the muscle-bone mass/mass relationships in male and female children and adolescents who were parathyroidectomized because of thyroid carcinoma. Two hundred and eight children and adolescents (119 girls and 89 boys) from Gomel city (Belarus) and its rural surroundings were referred to our institution after having undergone total thyroidectomy for the treatment of advanced papillary thyroid cancer. A subgroup of children with demonstrated primary hypoparathyroidism received dihydrotachysterol (AT-10) and/or Ca supplementation. Among routine procedures over a maximum follow-up period of 5 years (average 3.7 years, maximum 8 visits), whole-body scans were taken using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at each visit in order to determine whole-body bone mineral content (TBMC), projected "areal" bone mineral density (TBMD), total lean mass (TLM) and total fat mass (TFM). The average serum Ca, P and AP concentrations over the whole observation period were significantly different between the groups; however, TBMC z-scores for all studied children were statistically similar in all visits. In girls, no between-group differences in height- and weight-controlled TBMC and TBMD or the TBMC/TLM ratio were observed (ANCOVA) and supplementation exerted no effect on these data, suggesting that the total bone mass accrual was not impaired by PTH deficiency in the studied conditions. However, non-supplemented boys showed lower values of the TBMC/TLM ratio than girls, and supplementation normalized these values in direct correlation with the induced improvement in serum P availability to bone. Results indicate that the primary impairment in parathyroid function and bone metabolism indicators in the thyroidectomized children was unrelated to any measurable change in crude bone mass values. However, in boys this condition impaired the TBMC/TLM ratio in such a way that the administered supplementation could normalize it as a function of improved P availability. Girls' skeleton seemed to have been naturally protected against the negative metabolic effect of the studied condition. An estrogen-induced enhancement of the biomechanical impact of muscle contractions on bone mass and structure could not be excluded in this group.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004 Sep
PMID:Impact of parathyroid status and Ca and vitamin-D supplementation on bone mass and muscle-bone relationships in 208 Belarussian children after thyroidectomy because of thyroid carcinoma. 1537 65

Feline endocrinopathies (excluding diabetes mellitus) include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, hyposomatotropism, diabetes insipidus, hyperadrenocorticism, primary sex hormone-secreting adrenal tumors, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, hypoadrenocorticism, hyperparathyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism. Each of these conditions will be discussed including their prevalence, cause, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Feline endocrinopathies. 1562 33

Both relative hypoparathyroidism and low turnover bone play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of adynamic bone disease (ABD), which is the most common form renal osteodystrophy (ROD). In addition to individual factors, including diabetes, elder age, and/or uremic toxins, dialysis therapy and treatment for ROD, administration of calcium-containing phosphorus binder or active vitamin D (VD) metabolite, are associated with the pathological processes. Recently it has been suggested a potential association ABD and VD receptor polymorphism, or malnutrition state.
 ...
PMID:[Pathogenesis of adynamic bone disease]. 1577 6

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are rare autoimmune endocrinopathies, which can be also associated with non endocrine autoimmune diseases. The autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy; APECED) is distinguished from autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS-2). Main symptoms of APECED are adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism and candidiasis. The diagnosis is established when two out of three of these symptoms are present. APECED is associated with mutations of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) and predominantly affects juvenile patients with a family background from Sardinia, Finland and Iranian Jews. The APS-2 is not AIRE associated. It is characterized by the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease, adrenal insufficiency and/or diabetes mellitus type I. APS-2 is more common than APECED and mainly affects adult women without any preference of a certain ethnic group. Therapy consists of hormone replacement therapy and treatment of clinical symptoms. In some APECED patients immunosuppressive therapy seems to be promising.
 ...
PMID:[Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes]. 1594 1

Historically, fractures are cited as a frequent problem in patients with Thalassemia prior to optimization of transfusion and chelation regimens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fractures in a contemporary sample of North American patients with Thalassemia. The North American Thalassemia Clinical Research Network (TCRN) database registry was used to gather historical data on 702 patients with common alpha and beta-Thalassemia diagnoses including Thalassemia Major (TM), Intermedia (TI), E/Beta, homozygous alpha Thalassemia (AT), Hemoglobin H disease (HbH) and HbH with Constant Spring (HbH/CS), who consented to a medical record chart review. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by DXA were available for review in a subgroup of patients (n = 312). The overall fracture prevalence among all Thalassemia syndromes was 12.1%, equally distributed between females (11.5%) and males (12.7%). Fractures occurred more frequently in TM (16.6%) and TI (12.2%) compared to E/Beta (7.4%) and alpha (2.3%). Prevalence increased with age (2.5% ages 0-10 years, 7.4% ages 11-19 years, 23.2% ages >20 years) and with use of sex hormone replacement therapy (SHRT) (P < 0.01). On average, BMD Z and T scores were 0.85 SD lower among patients with a history of fractures (mean Z/T score -2.78 vs. -1.93, 95% CI for the difference -0.49 to -1.22 SD, P = 0.02). Presence of other endocrinopathies (i.e. hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and diabetes mellitus), anthropometric parameters, heart disease or hepatitis C were not significant independent predictors of fractures. These data indicate that fractures remain a frequent complication among the aging patients with both TM and TI beta-Thalassemia. However, the fracture prevalence has improved compared to published reports from the 1960s to 1970s. In addition, children with Thalassemia appear to have low fracture rates compared to the general population.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of fractures among the Thalassemia syndromes in North America. 1629 78

Following implantation, the maintenance of the pregnancy is dependent on a multitude of endocrinological events that will eventually aid in the successful growth and development of the fetus. Although the great majority of pregnant women have no pre-existing endocrine abnormalities, a small number of women can have certain endocrine alterations that could potentially lead to recurrent pregnancy losses. It is estimated that approximately 8 to 12% of all pregnancy losses are the result of endocrine factors. During the preimplantation period, the uterus undergoes important developmental changes stimulated by estrogen, and more importantly, progesterone. Progesterone is essential for the successful implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Therefore, disorders related to inadequate progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum are likely to affect the outcome of the pregnancy. Luteal phase deficiency, hyperprolactinemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome are some examples. Several other endocrinological abnormalities such as thyroid disease, hypoparathyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, and decreased ovarian reserve have been implicated as etiologic factors for recurrent pregnancy loss.
 ...
PMID:Endocrinology of recurrent pregnancy loss. 1641 76

Although numerous studies are available in the literature on endocrine complications in thalassaemia, little is known about this subject in developing countries. Therefore, an international multicenter study was conducted in a large series of children and adolescents with beta thalassaemia major in order to obtain more information on the prevalence of short stature and endocrine complications in different areas of the world and to elucidate the problems that must be dealt with in the future. A questionnaire was sent to 29 Centres treating a total of 3817 beta thalassaemia major patients. Thirty-six per cent of patients were over the age of 16 years. Short stature was present in 31.1% of males and 30.5% of females, and the prevalence of growth hormone deficiency was 7.9% in males and 8.8% in females. Lack of pubertal changes was the most common endocrine complication (40.5%) followed by hypoparathyroidism (6.9%), impaired glucose tolerance (6.5%), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (3.2%) and primary hypothyroidism (3.2%). The prevalence of endocrine complications differed among centres, particularly for growth hormone deficiency, hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism. Compliance to chelation therapy was poor in 51% of patients and serum liver enzymes were high in 65% of patients. Since several endocrine glands may be affected in patients with thalassaemia major, and their life expectancy is now much longer, it is important that physicians be aware of the endocrine abnormalities that may develop. Therefore, periodic evaluation of these problems should be carried out in thalassaemic patients with iron overload, particularly after the age of 11 years. In conclusion, since iron overload and liver damage seem to be the most important factors responsible for endocrine complications, adequate compliance to chelation therapy and rigid precautions against liver infections are imperative.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of endocrine complications and short stature in patients with thalassaemia major: a multicenter study by the Thalassaemia International Federation (TIF). 1646 5

Two hundred and seventy-three patients with thalassaemia major (TM) were followed in the Ferrara Thalassaemia Centre over a thirty-year period. Forty-two patients had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The first case was diagnosed in 1973. The incidence of IDDM peaked in 1986 (3.9%), and it was 0.7% at the time of the study (March 1998). The prevalence of IDDM increased progressively over time, reaching 14.2% in 1998. Mean age at diagnosis of IDDM was 18.2 -/+ 3.6 years and this also rose significantly during the study period (p<0.01). Hypogonadism was present in 91% of patients with IDDM, hypothyroidism in 68%, hypoparathyroidism in 21%, and cardiopathy in 69%, all significantly more prevalent than in patients without IDDM. These complications appeared with the same frequency before and after the diagnosis of IDDM. Survival of patients with and without IDDM was similar and no difference in the primary cause of death was found between the two groups. Main risk factors associated with IDDM were poor compliance with desferioxamine (DFO) treatment (p<0.05%), advanced age at the start of intensive chelation therapy (p<0.001), liver cirrhosis or severe fibrosis (p<0.0001, odds ratio 9.5, CI 95% 2.8-32.6). Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was highest in 1981, 1984, and 1985 when the incidence of IDDM was increasing; in 1995 the prevalence of IGT in patients aged 16-20 years was lower in comparison with that observed in 1975 (17% vs. 59%, p<0.01). Risk factors associated with IGT were: male sex (p<0.05), poor compliance with DFO therapy (p<0.05) and liver iron concentration 4 times above the normal value. In conclusion, our longitudinal study confirms that the incidence of IDDM and prevalence of IGT have been decreasing over the course of the last decade, appearing at a more advanced age, although some differences have not reached statistical significance. Iron overload and liver disease were the main associated risk factors, while positive family history for diabetes did not influence glucose metabolism in our patients.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in thalassaemia major: incidence, prevalence, risk factors and survival in patients followed in the Ferrara Center. 1646 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>