Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-six diabetic mothers and their infants were studied prospectively from birth. Twenty-one of 56 IDM had serum Mg less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl, on at least one occasion during the first 3 days. Serum Mg in these hypomagnesemic infants did not demonstrate the normal increase with postnatal age that was present in normomagnesemic infants. Decreased neonatal serum Mg was related to increased severity of maternal diabetes, young mothers, mothers for lower gravidity, and prematurity. Decreased serum Mg, alone or with decreased ionized or total Ca, did not correlate with neuromuscular irritability in the infants. Decreased serum Mg in IDM was associated with decreased maternal serum Mg, decreased neonatal ionized and total Ca, increased serum P, and decreased parathyroid function. Serum Mg was not related to dietary P intake, or urinary Ca or P excretion. Thus, transitory neonatal hypomagnesemia occurs in IDM; it is speculated that factors causing HM might include maternal HM or neonatal hyperphosphatemia, and that the HM is related to the hypocalcemia and functional hypoparathyroidism of IDM.
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PMID:Hypomagnesemia in infants of diabetic mothers: perinatal studies. 0 42

The effects of intravenous administration of potassium phosphate in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis were studied in nine children, ages 9 9/12 to 17 10/12 yr. During phosphate infusion (20--40 meq/L of fluid), all children maintained normal serum concentrations of phosphorus. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in six and transient hypomagnesemia in five patients. One child developed carpopedal spasms refractory to intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate but responsive to intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate. In three patients, serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were low at the time of hypocalcemia, an observation that suggests transient hypoparathyroidism. This study indicates that the use of potassium phosphate as the sole source of potassium replacement might potentiate ketoacidosis-induced hypocalcemia through multiple mechanisms.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and transient hypoparathyroidism during therapy with potassium phosphate in diabetic ketoacidosis. 11 30

During a six-year period, an adolescent girl developed a polyglandular disease characterized by hypoparathyroidism, chemical diabetes, growth failure and pubertal delay, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. A slowly progressive neurological disorder occurred simultaneously, consisting of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, mitochondrial myopathy, ataxia, neural deafness, mental subnormality, atypical retinitis, corneal dystrophy, cataract, and increased protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid. An intracardiac conduction defect was also found. This disorder, the cause of which is uncertain, is termed oculocraniosomatic disease. Our patient is apparently unique in that there was an associated hypoparathyroidism.
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PMID:Oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease with hypoparathyroidism. 84 67

The association of precipitating anti-adrenal antibodies with different subgroups of idiopathic Addison's disease were studied. We had previously found these antibodies in patients with the moniliasis-polyendocrinopathy syndrome. Sera of 36 adult patients suffering from different froms of Addison's disease were examined for the presence of adrenal antibodies demonstrable either by immunofluorescence (IFL) or by gel diffusion. 3 of the 17 patients with tuberculous and 17 of 19 patients with idiopathic Addison's disease had IFL antibodies but only one had precipitating antibodies. There was one typical case of Schmidt's syndrome, and four additional cases with Addison's disease combined with diabetes or thyroiditis, who may later develop the syndrome. None of htese patients had precipitating anti-adrenal antibodies. The only patients with precipitating adrenal antibodies had the moniliasis-polyendocrinopathy syndrome. He was not typical as Addison' disease appeared unusually late and he did not have hypoparathyroidism. The presence of precipitating anti-adrenal antibodies in this patient, and the absence of these in other groups of Addison's disease, is further evidence for the association of precipitating antibodies with the moniliasis-polyendocrinopathy syndrome.
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PMID:Association of precipitating anti-adrenal anti-adrenal antibodies with moniliasis-polyendocrinopathy syndrome. 99 12

The unique combination of male hypogonadism with hypoparathyroidism, hypoadrenalism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and alopecia totalis has been documented in a male patient who has been followed over the past 28 years. In this patient, first seen at the age of six for hypoparathyroidism alone, repeated clinical and laboratory endocrine evaluation detected the sequential development of the additional endocrine deficiencies. The presence of abnormal serum antibodies is consistent with an atuoimmune pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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PMID:Coexistence of primary endocrine deficiencies: a unique case of male hypergonadism associated with hypoparathyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, and hypothyroidism. 100 83

Patients with severe thalassaemia major suffer endocrine and other abnormalities before their eventual death from iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions. The endocrine status of 31 thalassaemic patients aged 2-5 to 23 years was investigated. Exact data were available on the rate and duration of blood transfusion in all of them and in many the liver iron concentration was also known. Although the patients were euthyroid, the mean serum thyroxine level was significantly lower, and the mean thyrotrophic hormone level significantly higher, compared with the values found in normal children. Forty oral glucose tolerance tests with simultaneous insulin levels were performed in 19 children, of whom 5 developed symptomatic diabetes and one had impaired tolerance. Previous tests on all 6 patients were available and some showed raised insulin levels possibly due to insulin resistance. 2 patients had clinical hypoparathyroidism and are described. The parathyroid hormone levels determined by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients were below the mean for the age group in all and outside the reference range in 16. Nonfasting plasma calcium levels were not reduced. Puberty was delayed in some patients. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measured in urine from 7 girls and 5 boys showed considerable variation. In the boys there was an overall tendency for FSH and LH excretion to be low with regard to age, but with respect to puberty rating FSH exretions were normal or low and LH normal or raised. The girls showed a tendency for LH but not FSH excretion to be raised in relation to puberty rating. The severity of the endocrine changes was related to the degree of iron loading and is discussed in relation to previous work in which the iron loading has rarely been accurately indicated nor parathyroid status assessed.
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PMID:Hormonal changes in thalassaemia major. 100 88

To evaluate the disease association with HLA-DR 3/4 heterozygotes, 1,074 subjects, who had been analyzed consecutively for HLA-DR antigens for organ transplantation or to study the disease association with HLA from June 1984 to June 1986, were enrolled in this study. Of these subjects, 278 had diabetes, 168 were healthy controls or donors, and 628 had other diseases. Of the 1,074 subjects, 35 subjects (3.2%) were DR 3/4 heterozygotes and 1,039 subjects (96.7%) were non-DR 3/4 heterozygotes. Among the 35 DR 3/4 positive subjects, 23 were diabetic (65.7%), two were healthy donors (5.7%), 10 had other diseases (28.5%) such as recurrent abortion (n = 3), hepatoma (n = 2), Graves' disease (n = 1), idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (n = 1), IgA nephropathy (n = 1), uveitis (n = 1) and gout (n = 1). Among the 23 DR 3/4 positive diabetics, 19 (82.6%) had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), three (13.0%) had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and one (4.3%) had maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). When these DR 3/4 positive diabetics were compared with the other disease and control/donor groups, significant increases in the relative risk were seen for IDDM patients (RR = 32.61, 43.80, respectively, p < 0.001). No significant association could be seen for NIDDM and MODY patients. In those non-diabetic patients positive for DR 3/4, there was no significant association with DR 3/4 heterozygotes. These findings suggest that: 1) DR 3/4 positive subjects are highly associated with IDDM; and 2) there is no significant association of DR 3/4 with NIDDM, MODY and other non-diabetic diseases.
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PMID:Assessment of the association of HLA-DR 3/4 heterozygotes with diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic diseases. 136 26

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a form of mitochondrial myopathy in which specific clinical features, namely progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinal degeneration and cardiac conduction defects, occur. KSS has also been associated with a variety of endocrine and metabolic disorders, in particular short stature, gonadal failure, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypomagnesaemia, and bone, tooth and calcification abnormalities. A case is described exhibiting all of these features. A survey of the literature was conducted to determine the prevalence of these conditions among reported cases. Cases with hypoparathyroidism were considered separately to see if they constituted a distinct subgroup with multiple endocrine dysfunction. Short stature was common, being documented in 38% of cases. Gonadal dysfunction before or after puberty was also common (20% of cases) and affected both sexes equally. Diabetes mellitus was recorded in 13% of cases, half of which required insulin. Thyroid disease, hyperaldosteronism and hypomagnesaemia were uncommon but were probably not looked for in many cases. Bone or tooth abnormalities and calcification of the basal ganglia were found both in those with and without hypoparathyroidism. While endocrine and metabolic dysfunction was found more commonly in those with hypoparathyroidism this is likely to be due to increased recognition rather than increased prevalence. No evidence of an autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome including hypoparathyroidism was found.
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PMID:Endocrine dysfunction in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. 142 98

A 56-year-old male patient on chronic hemodialysis developed liver cirrhosis. He received a total of 20 liters of blood transfusion. Bronze pigmentation of the skin and iron deposition to the liver, spleen, pancreas and thyroid gland, which was demonstrated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies, and histological demonstration of iron deposition to the thyroid gland, bone marrow and gastric mucosa established a diagnosis of secondary hemochromatosis. Endocrine work-up revealed the presence of diabetes mellitus with minimum insulin secretory response, primary (or thyroprivic) hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide-spread endocrine involvement as seen in this patient is a rare clinical feature of hemochromatosis secondary to massive blood transfusion in hemodialysis patients. Particularly, primary hypothyroidism due to iron deposition to the thyroid gland was quite a rare feature of hemochromatosis.
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PMID:Primary hypothyroidism and multiple endocrine failure in association with hemochromatosis in a long-term hemodialysis patient. 151 78

Two HLA-identical sisters have developed the full picture of type I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome over a period of 12 years. Both girls have hypoparathyroidism and Addison's disease. One of them additionally developed diabetes mellitus, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and hypothyroidism. Autoantibodies to the adrenal, parathyroid and thyroid glands are present in both patients, as well as antinuclear antibodies. HLA associations have been described recently for the type I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, but this could not be confirmed in the present two cases. Although we assume that the same genetic defect is present in both girls, additional factors to the genetic disposition are important for the clinical expression of the disease. The linkage of the disease-causing gene with the HLA region is not very close.
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PMID:[Polyglandular type I autoimmune syndrome]. 162 94


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