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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

General characteristics of the multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) is given. Methodical premises and criteria for the selection of an adequate MSA method applicable to pathoanatomic investigations of the epidemiology of multicausal diseases are presented. The experience of using MSA with computors and standard computing programs in studies of coronary arteries aterosclerosis on the materials of 2060 autopsies is described. The combined use of 4 MSA methods: sequential, correlational, regressional, and discriminant permitted to quantitate the contribution of each of the 8 examined risk factors in the development of aterosclerosis. The most important factors were found to be the age, arterial hypertension, and heredity. Occupational hypodynamia and increased fatness were more important in men, whereas diabetes melitus--in women. The registration of this combination of risk factors by MSA methods provides for more reliable prognosis of the likelihood of coronary heart disease with a fatal outcome than prognosis of the degree of coronary aterosclerosis.
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PMID:[Methods of the multivariate statistical analysis of so-called polyetiological diseases using the example of coronary heart disease]. 15 80

The use of oral contraceptives should at all times be under physician's control. Most contraindications and complications from oral contraceptives are now a thing of the past, when higher doses were prescribed. However oral contraceptives are still responsible for many side effects and complications. Some of these are gastrointestinal problems; menstruation disorders, such as spotting or amenorrhea; decreased libido; increase in body weight; mastodynia; blood coagulation effects; lipid and carbohydrate metabolic effects; ophthalmological and dermatological problems; and, possibly, an increase in susceptibility to some infectious diseases. Patients with hypertension; with heart or hepatic diseases; with a history of family thrombolic accidents; with diabetes; or hyperthyroidism should utilize another form of contraception. Oral contraceptives are totally contraindicated for obese or emotionally depressed people, for pregnant or nursing mothers, for women with uterine or breast cancer, and for adolescents.
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PMID:[Principle complications and contraindications of the use of oral contraceptives]. 15 84

Evidence has been presented regarding alterations of contractile behavior muscle biochemistry, and ulstrastructure during the course of the hereditary hamster cardiomyopathy. Also, preliminary structural and mechanical data were presented on the acquired cardiomyopathy of diabetes mellitus in experimental animals. In the hamster model, contractile performance, measured as isometric tension and rate of tension development, was shown to be depressed throughout the course of the disease, whereas normalized force-velocity relationships returned to normal only during the compensated stages of hypertrophy. Force-frequency relationships were depressed in myopathic muscles, indicating the presence of alterations in the muscle activation system, namely, the biochemical and functional integrity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of the contractile proteins in myopathic muscle has revealed depressions of Ca2+ activity in purified myosin in addition to an independently increased neutral protease activity that results in the specific degradation of LC2 of myosin. Sympathetic time and norepinephrine turnover increase progressively during the course of the disease. These changes are accompanied by decreasing tissue levels of neorepinephrine and increasing levels of dopamine, indicating a shift in the rate-limiting step for norepinephrine synthesis. Alterations were also noted in nuclear protein composition and serotonin levels. Microscopically, the myolytic and calcification changes that characterize the hamster cardiomyopathy have been confirmed. In addition, contraction bands and lysosomal changes have been observed that may relate to cateholamine hypersensitivity. In the experimental model of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a significant alteration in relaxation process was demonstrated despite the fact that peak tension development and its rate of development were unaltered. Also, the length dependence of contractile behavior was altered when compared to that of age-matched controls, indicating a potential loss of contractility reserve. When animals with combined hypertension and diabetes were studied, bothe contraction and relaxation processes were affected to a greater degree.
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PMID:Hereditary and acquired cardiomyopathies in experimental animals: mechanical, biochemical, and structural features. 15 9

221 patients with arterial hypertension were investigated as outpatients. 198 patients were found to have primary and 23 patients to have secondary hypertension. The results of urinary analysis were pathological in 25% of patients and renal function tests were abnormal in 20% of cases. Significant bacteriuria was recorded in 19% of urinary cultures. Intravenous pyelography showed true pathological findings in 12% of cases, false positive findings in 7% and false negative findings in 5%. Isotopic nephrograms showed true positive findings in 52%, false negative in 3% and 45% showed normal results. In 53% of patients angiography of the kidneys showed normal results, whilst this investigation proved pathological in 44% of cases and gave false negative results in 3% of patients. An additional search for coronary heart disease risk factors revealed that 73% of these hypertensive patients were overweight, 47% had hyperlipidaemia, 33% suffered from diabetes mellitus and nicotine abuse was present in 21% of cases. A relevant yet inexpensive screening programme for the investigation of hypertension is formulated on the basis of the results of this investigation.
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PMID:[The value of different investigation procedures in arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. 15 88

In order to evaluate the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and/or abnormalities of postnatal cardiovascular adaptation, echocardiograms were performed on 34 infants of diabetic mothers. Based on cardiopulmonary assessment, the IDM were divided into three groups: Group I with congestive heart failure predominating: Group II with respiratory distress predominating: Group III asymptomatic. Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and of the walls of left and right ventricles was frequently present in IDM: this change was most notable in association with clinical CHF. Six IDM, four of whom were found to have CHF, had additional echocardiographic signs of subaortic stenosis. All IDM had normal indices of left ventricular performance, despite the presence of CHE. In IDM with respiratory distress, the right ventricular pre-ejection period to ventricular ejection time ratio was elevated, suggesting an abnormality of the transitional pulmonary circulation. Poor maternal diabetes control and maternal systemic hypertension were closely correlated with evidence of myocardial hypertrophy in the infants.
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PMID:Echocardiographic abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers. 15 51

It is reported of 726 patients incidentally elected and mainly with life-shortening risk factors. 341 (47.1p.c.) showed an increased concentration of neutral fats and/or total cholesterol in the serum. Type IV (49.8 p.c.) according to Fredrickson was observed most frequently, followed by type IIb (31.1 p.c.) and by type IIa (19.1 p.c.). Most of the patients with hyperlipoproteinemia were overweight (53.1 p.c.), 33.6 p.c. suffered from arterial hypertension, 25.3 p.c. from diseases of the liver, 10.9 p.c. from coronary heart diseases, and 8.7 p.c. from manifest diabetes mellitus. The distribution of different types of hyperlipoproteinemia among the various diseases deviates from that of the total number of patients observed in this study. Cases of hyperlipoproteinemia were observed most frequently in diseases of the kidney with arterial hypertension (62.7 p.c.), coronary heart diseases (60.8 p.c.), manifest gout (60.0 p.c.), manifest diabetes mellitus (58.7 p.c.), and hyperuricemia without symptoms (55.8 p.c.). Type-IV-hyperlipoproteinemia was observed most frequently within the different groups of patients with life-shortening risk factors. An exception was the group of patients suffering from malignancies. Type IIb was found most frequently within the group of patients suffering from malignancies.
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PMID:[Frequency and distribution of types of hyperlipoproteinemia with life-shortening risk factors among ambulant patients (author's transl)]. 17 Apr 97

Data obtained from two multipurpose surveys of hospitalized patients were examined to determine the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in post-menopausal women 40 to 75 years of age in relation to use of estrogen-containing drugs. Eight (2.4 per cent) of 336 myocardial infarction patients and 330 (4.9 per cent) of 6730 reference patients were regular estrogen users (crude rate ratio, 0.47) at the time of hospitalization. After control for confounding variables -- among them, age, past history of myocardial in farction, angina, diabetes, and hypertension (alone or in combination) and cigarette smoking -- the summary point estimate of rate ratio was 0.97 with 95 per cent confidence limits of 0.48 and 1.95. Thus, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between current regular use of estrogens and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction and estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women. 17 69

Clinical and coronary arteriographic findings were evaluated in patients with angina pectoris who were considered not to have diabetes mellitus or to have chemical or clinical diabetes. Each of the three groups consisted of 100 consecutive referred patients. Neither the age of the patients nor duration of symptoms differed significantly among the groups. Hypertension, gout, and peripheral vascular disease were more frequent in the patients with clinical diabetes. There was no difference in serum cholesterol concentration among the groups, but plasma triglyceride levels and the frequency of type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the chemical and clinical diabetic groups than in the nondiabetic patients. Coronary arteriographic observations indicated that the severity of the coronary arterial disease was greater in both diabetic groups than in nondiabetic patients. The difference in the coronary scores among the three groups of patients interacts to some extent with the triglyceride level, since a high score in the diabetic groups was noted only in the presence of an elevated tryglyceride concentration. The results indicate that the increased severity of coronary arterial disease in diabetic patients is not attributable to age, duration of symptoms, hypertension, type -4 hyperlipoproteinemia, or apparent severity of the glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Reappraisal of the role of the diabetic state in coronary artery disease. 18 Dec 12

The frequency of latent disorders of glucose regulation during pheochromocytoma, is evaluated at 75% of cases. Detailed analysis of 83 cases with a diabetic state, gave the following results: insulin dependent diabetes, 37 cases. Non-insulin dependent, 14 cases. Latent diabetes, 32 cases. The characteristics of the insulin-dependent diabetes were not always suggestive. Insulin dependency was, however, unusual above a certain age. We noted loss of weight in spite of good control of the diabetes, the absence of acidosis and ketosis contrasting with rapid loss of weight. In fact, it is above all the hypertension which should lead to diagnosis. Surgical operation, cures or improves considerably the diabetic state, thus proving the symptomatic nature of this diabetes.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus in pheochromocytoma]. 18 6

Motor nerve conduction velocity was studied in a group of 44 hypertensive patients; velocity was measured at the level of the median and external popliteal sciatic nerves. From the series were excluded those hypertensive subjects with renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease. No significant differences were observed in MNCV values compared to controls. Within the hypertense group, no appreciable variations were observed depending on the duration and degree of hypertension, and signs of visceral damage (assessed at myocardial and retinic levels). The results do not confirm previous published data suggesting the existence of MNCV reduction during arterial hypertension, the reduction being considered an subclinical expression of peripheral neuropathy and an index of the gravity of visceral damage during hypertensive disease.
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PMID:[Motor nerve conduction velocity in arterial hypertension]. 18 27


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