Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When pathophysiological and pathogenetic aspects of hypertension are taken into consideration with special regard to diabetes mellitus the exhaustion of the "insulin enhancement" within the cerebrovisceral functional systems (Baumann) are discussed and the authors enter possible connections of diabetes mellitus to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. After explanation of the diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic pharmacodynamic qualities of the antihypertensive drugs adequate therapeutic recommendations are proposed summarized in a figure. The authors conclude that for the present antihypertensive therapy in diabetics taking into consideration the references reported on there are sufficient possibilities of treatment for all degrees of severity of hypertension. Such preparations as Rausedan, Disotat, Dopegyt appear as particularly suitable; moreover, the beta receptor blockers, Haemiton, Depressan as well as Guanitil and Pargylin prove to be possible or without disadvantage, respectively. Especially when diuretics are described an exact control of the metabolism should be carried out.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of hypertonus in diabetes mellitus]. 0 29

Briefly trained physicians assistants using protocols (clinical algorithms) for diabetes, hypertension, and related chronic arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease abstrated information from the medical record and obtained history and physical examination data on every patient-visit to a city hospital chronic disease clinic over a 18-month period. The care rendered by the protocol system was compared with care rendered by a "traditional" system in the same clinic in which physicians delegated few clinical tasks. Increased thoroughness in collecting clinical data in the protocol system led to an increase in the recognition of new pathology. Outcome criteria reflected equivalent quality of care in both groups. Efficiency time-motion studies demonstrated a 20 per cent saving in physician time with the protocol system. Coct estimates, based on the time spent with patients by various providers and on the laboratory-test-ordering patterns, demonstrated equivalent costs of the two systems, given optimal staffing patterns. Laboratory tests were a major element of the cost of patient care,and the clinical yield per unit cost of different tests varied widely.
Diabetes 1976 Apr
PMID:Quality, efficiency, and cost of a physician-assistant-protocol system for managment of diabetes and hypertension. 0 25

The present findings of increased microvascular protein passage are compatible with the hypothesis that the organic, histologically demonstrated diabetic microangiopathy is a long-term effect of periods of increased extravasation of plasma proteins, with subsequent protein deposition in the microvascular wall, i.e., the concept of plasmatic vasculosis. Arterial hypertension, frequently present in diabetes, enhances the development of arteriolar hyalinosis. Effective treatment of diabetes and hypertension arrests development of the microvascular lesions.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Increased microvascular permeability to plasma proteins in short- and long-term juvenile diabetics. 0 23

Male and female virgin rats and breeder rats with naturally-occurring diabetes, hypertension and arteriosclerosis, were made severely diabetic with a single, subcutaneous injection of alloxan (10 mg/100 g b.w.), after an 18 h fast. During five months of unrelenting diabetes, some animals became obese while others became emaciated. Only the emaciated animals survived but they were blind, their adrenal glands were hemorrhagic, hypertrophied and thrombosed, thymi involuted, kidneys swollen, hearts reduced in size while testes and ovaries were atrophic. Serum CPK, SGOT and SGPT were elevated concomitant with extensive cardiovascular damage, hepatic steatosis and generalized catabolism. Circulating triglycerides and free fatty acids were markedly elevated with total cholesterol only slightly increased. BUN and serum calcium levels were also greatly elevated. Sub-normal Cmpd. B levels indicated impaired adrenal steroidogenesis. Virgin rats developed arteriosclerosis and male and female breeder rats showed exacerbation of their pre-existing aortic sclerosis as well as P.A.N. lesions in their small-sized arteries. It is believed that severe diabetes causes exacerbation of the endogenous hormonal milieu resulting from abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function induced by repeated breeding, which conditions the connective tissue components of the arterial wall of rats toward accelerated degenerative changes.
 ...
PMID:Polyarteritis nodosa induced in arteriosclerotic, male and female breeder rats by chronic alloxan diabetes. 1 32

Postoperative coronary bypass flow was evaluated in two groups of randomly selected patients with grafts to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Saphenous vein bypass grafts were placed in 27 patients and internal mammary artery grafts in 25 patients. Postoperative flow studies were performed in both groups with roentgendensitometric methods based on the transit time of radiopaque media along the graft plus the mean graft diameter. There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients for age, duration of symptoms, or the frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, or cardiomegaly. Intraoperative bypass flows were 75+/-27 and 77+/-24 ml. per minute for the saphenous vein group (SVG) and internal mammary artery group (IMAG), respectively. There was no significant difference in the heart rate or mean aortic pressure at the time of the roentgendensitometric flow study. The mean graft diameters were 3.0+/-0.5 and 1.9+/-0.3 mm. for the SVG and IMAG, respectively (p less than 0.001). The ratios of graft diameter to LAD diameter were 1.9+/-0.3 and 1.2+/-0.2 for the SVG and IMAG, respectively (p less than 0.001). The roentgendensitometric postoperative flows were 68+/-27 ml. per minute in the SVG and 46+/-16 ml. per minute in the IMAG (p less than 0.01). The present study indicates that flow in significantly higher in saphenous vein than in internal mammary artery bypasses and that the difference in flow may in part be explained on the basis of the graft diameter.
 ...
PMID:Comparative study of the postoperative flow in the saphenous vein and internal mammary artery bypass grafts. 1 96

Minoxidil has been administered to 16 patients with severe hypertension and renal failure. In every patient the indication for minoxidil treatment was resistance to conventional drugs. The final dose of minoxidil was 2.5--30 mg (average 20) and it was combined with a beta-blocking agent and a diuretic (or dialysis). The therapy was given for 1--27 months (average 12). The average supine BP fell from 200/130 to 164/96 mmHg and the upright BP from 200/120 to 152/90 mmHg. No hypotensive reactions occurred. In most patients the progression of hypertensive organ changes was arrested. No major vascular complications have occurred during the 16 years of treatment. Prickling of the skin and hirsutism were common side-effects. The other side-effects observed were oedema in five patients and development of latent diabetes in three. In four patients minoxidil treatment was discontinued for following reasons: successful reconstruction of the renal artery after stenosis, renal transplantation, severe oedema and hirsutism. The risk of hirsutism is a contraindication to prolonged minoxidil administration in most femal patients. Minoxidil is especially indicated in uncontrolled renal hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Minoxidil in severe hypertension. 2 24

208 hospitalized patients, nearly 80 years old, were investigated because of risk factors and complicating diseases. Hypertension (58.2%), typical myocardial infarctions (37.2%) and diabetes (45.2%) were twice often as in our comparable cases without stroke. Corresponding we found signs of left ventricular hypertrophy in more than 50% post mortem. The dimensions of heart failure by hypertension are visible in ECG indicating LVH with many dysrhythmias. Early mortality (40%) as survival time are dependent on the size of the stroke. Cardiovascular causes of death were found mainly. The differences to younger patients with brain infarction seem to be only of gradually nature and especially to refer to the more intensive damaged heart.
 ...
PMID:[Survived brain infarction in old age - clinical and morphological findings. II. Risk factors (author's transl)]. 3 Mar 24

Arteriosclerosis is caused by many factors. These pathogenic factors especially over-nutrition, nicotinabusus, deficiency of muscular exercise, muscular overstrain, emotional stress and concomitant basic diseases, especially arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are the most important points for preventive and therapeutical action. When possible the risk factors has to be eliminated, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia have to be treated orderly. In the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are known disturbances of the lipid metabolism, the blood coagulation and the metabolism of the arterial wall cells most important. Application of anticoagulants and lipid lowering medicaments did not come up to our expectations. Experiences with animal models and a double blind study (secondary prevention of myocardial infarction) have given good reason for recommending antirheumatic or as we like to say, mesenchyme suppressive drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. 3 60

A reversible deterioration of the oral glucose tolerance has been reported in subjects with initially impaired glucose tolerance when starting to take oral diuretics. This does not seem to be the case in subjects with an initially unimpaired glucose tolerance. A deterioration in the diabetic state is commonly seen when diuretics are given to subjects with clinical diabetes. Our knowledge about the effect of beta-blockers on the glucose tolerance is limited. As for diuretics there seems to be an overrepresentation of diabetics among subjects taking beta-blockers. This overrepresentation can probably be explained by an association between diabetes and disturbances in which diuretics and beta-blockers are commonly used such as arterial hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Impairment of glucose metabolism during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. 3 6

Atenolol is a beta-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking drug without partial agonist or membrane stabilising activity. Its profile of action most closely resembles that of metoprolol which differs only in that it has some membrane stabilising activity. Atenolol has been well studied and is effective in the treatment of hypertension and in the prophylactic management of angina. Its narrow dose response range obviates the need for highly individualised dose titration. In patients with angina its long duration of beta-blocking activity allows once daily dosage, whereas other beta-blockers, unless in sustained release dosage forms, need to be given in divided doses. Other beta-blockers can be given once daily in hypertension, but at presnt the evidence for effective control with a once daily regimen is more convincing with atenolol. Further studies are need to clarify any important differences in blood pressure control between the various beta-blocking drugs, both in conventional or sustained release dosage forms. As with metoprolol, atenolol is preferable to non-selective beta-blockers in patients with asthma or diabetes mellitus. Atenolol has been well tolerated in most patients, its profile of adverse reactions generally resembling that of other beta-blocking drugs, although its low lipid solubility and limited penetration into the brain results in a lower incidence of central nervous system effects than seen with propranolol. Atenolol is eliminated virtually entirely as unchanged drug in the urine and dosage needs to be reduced in patients with moderate to severely impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min). There is no need for modification of dosage of atenolol in liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Atenolol: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in angina pectoris and hypertension. 3 96


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>