Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of the programmed nurse clinic in a health center was carried out to evaluate its different health care activities, the time consumed in them, the type of patients cared for, and the mechanism of organization of the clinic. A remarkable finding was a high number of daily appointments (11.8 persons), with an excellent rate of compliance with the appointment (89.3%). It was found that most of the diseases cared for in the nurse clinic were those most commonly managed with a protocol design in primary care: hypertension (34.1%), diabetes (6.9%), hyperlipoproteinemia (9%) and obesity (12.8%). Other parameters were evaluated, such as mean time per visit, which was predominantly between five and ten minutes, or activities during the visits, with a clear predominance of the clinical protocols. There was a remarkably high efficiency of the nursing staff, with a low rate of referral to the medical clinic (6.9%). We conclude that nurse clinics play an important role in the health centers, as the only possible mechanism to guarantee the correct fulfillment of the different programs. This requires a definite constant physical space for a given minimal period of time of about 2 hours per day.
 ...
PMID:[A prospective study of programmed nursing consultation in an urban health center]. 175 27

The well known association between non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is one of the leading causes of high incidence and mortality for cardiovascular disease of diabetic patients. For auspicious and effective treatment of NIDDM and its complications, secondary prevention, that is, an early detection, plays a major role. At the same time high concern should be given to the benefits of early detection and treatment of atherogenic HLP at early stages of diabetes mellitus, for their occurrence in borderline impairment of glucose tolerance (G-OGT) is still evasive. The investigation on the occurrence and incidence of HLP in G-OGT was carried out in 576 adults (310 men and 266 women) with recently detected G-OGT. The results were compared with those obtained in the non-G-OGT group (50 men and 52 women). Values of total LDL cholesterol as well as triglycerides in the blood of the subjects of either sex highly exceeded recommended values and were higher than in the controls. HDL cholesterol was significantly decreased while the values of the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and total triglycerides were significantly higher. Atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia was evidenced in 52.58% of men and 50.75% of women with G-OGT and in 36.00% of men and 32.69% of women with normal G-OGT. After a one-year dietetic regimen all the lipid parameters evidently improved in both men and women, while the incidence of atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia fell to 40.82% of the men and 31.32% of the women.
 ...
PMID:[The lipoprotein status in persons with borderline glucose tolerance impairment before and after a reducing diet]. 182 43

We examined apolipoprotein E (apo E) allele frequencies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with normolipidemia or various types of hypertriglyceridemia to elucidate the association of the apo E alleles with hypertriglyceridemia in NIDDM. NIDDM patients with normolipidemia (N = 134) or hypertriglyceridemia [type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) (N = 42), III HLP (N = 7), IV HLP (N = 96), and V HLP (N = 8)] were randomly selected from our Diabetic Clinics. Apo E phenotypes (genotypes) were determined by our rapid flat-gel isoelectric focusing method. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly higher in the type IIb (20.2%, P less than .01) and V (25.0%, P less than .05) HLP patients than in the normolipidemic patients (8.9%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 3 allele was significantly (P less than .025) lower in the type IIb HLP patients (78.6%) than in the normolipidemic patients (89.2%). The frequency of the epsilon 2 allele was significantly higher in the type III (64.3%, P less than .001) and IV (5.2%, P less than .05) HLP patients than in the normolipidemic patients (1.9%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 3 allele was significantly lower in the type III (28.6%, P less than .001) and IV (82.8%, P less than .05) HLP patients than in the normolipidemic patients. Thus, it has proven that the epsilon 2 allele is related to type III and IV HLP in NIDDM, whereas the epsilon 4 allele is related to type IIb and V HLP in NIDDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Apolipoprotein E allele frequencies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with hypertriglyceridemia (type IIb, III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia). 186 26

This intervention program investigated the applicability and the effects of intensive physical exercise and low-fat diet on the progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions and stress induced myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina pectoris. Patients participating in this study were recruited following routine coronary angiography for angina pectoris. Inclusion criteria were male sex, stable symptoms, a willingness to participate in the study for at least twelve months, and coronary artery stenoses well documented by angiography. Exclusion criteria were unstable angina pectoris, left main coronary artery stenosis greater than 25% luminal diameter reduction, severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 35%), significant valvular heart disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, primary hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia, low-density lipoprotein greater than 210 mg/dl), and conditions precluding regular physical exercise. 18 patients participated in this program for one year; they consumed a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (less than 20 energy % fat, cholesterol less than 200 mg/day) and exercised for more than 3 h/week. Myocardial oxygen consumption was estimated from maximum rate-pressure product at peak exercise; it was correlated to stress induced myocardial ischemia, as measured by 201Tl-scintigraphy. Results were compared with those of 18 matched patients on "usual care". In the intervention group, physical work capacity (161 +/- 34 W vs. 194 +/- 42 W) and maximum rate pressure product (25.0 +/- 6.3 x 10(3) vs. 27.2 +/- 5.3 x 10(3)) increased significantly (p less than 0.01). Patients willing to devote time and effort to intensive physical exercise and to comply with a low-fat diet may benefit from this form of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Modification of risk factors through physical training and low-fat diet]. 191 19

The degradation of elastin during various pathological processes such as emphysema or arteriosclerosis was demonstrated by several investigators. In the present work, we adapted an ELISA technique for the determination of elastin peptide (EP) levels in human sera and plasma, in healthy and arteriosclerotic subjects. This test makes use of human aorta elastin hydrolyzed by a chemical procedure (kappa-elastin) instead of EP produced by pancreatic or leukocyte elastase. Polyclonal antibodies to this antigen were obtained in rabbits. The indirect ELISA procedure is sensitive, specific and reproducible. No correlation could be demonstrated between EP level and anti-EP antibody concentration of IgG or IgM types determined in the same serum samples. These antibodies did not interfere with EP determinations. EP concentration did not change with age in control subjects. In obliterative arteriosclerosis of the legs and in type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia, EP levels showed a marked increase, while in hypertension, ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus, the increase was moderate. In stroke, only slight changes were observed. In type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, EP levels were lower than in controls.
 ...
PMID:Determination of elastin peptides in normal and arteriosclerotic human sera by ELISA. 213 61

Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, type I and type II diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, are among the main risk factors for the development of atherothrombosis. Various abnormalities of the hemostatic system (platelet hyperaggregability, hypercoagulability, and hypofibrinolysis) have been described in all these situations. The individual effect of each of these disease on the hemostatic system is difficult to evaluate because these states are often associated in the same patient and the treatment of one can benefit the others. Therefore it may be queried if a common abnormality of these pathologic states might explain their impact on the cardiovascular system. We have been interested by hyperinsulinemia, which is observed in obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, type II diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia, and we have shown a very strong correlation between plasma insulin, body mass index, triglyceride levels, and one of the main inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Partial correlation analysis showed that only the correlation between insulin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was independent. Therefore a high plasma insulin level could be responsible for elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which by inducing an hypofibrinolysis, could play a role in the deposition of fibrin and the development of atherothrombosis. The description of some interrelations between metabolic diseases and hemostasis is satisfactory but does not exclude specific effects of these diseases on hemostasis, such as glycation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in diabetes or toxic action of lipoprotein on endothelial cells in hyperlipoproteinemia.
 ...
PMID:Interrelations between carbohydrates, lipids, and the hemostatic system in relation to the risk of thrombotic and cardiovascular disease. 219 2

The authors present an up-to-date review on etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Theories of etiology of atherosclerosis are described: response-to-injury hypothesis, lipid deposition hypothesis, lysosome hypothesis, encrustation hypothesis, mural thrombi hypothesis, monoclonal and clonal senescence hypothesis. The role of endothelial injury and platelet adhesion as well as smooth muscle cells proliferation due to these events, their growth control and the role of macrophages in atherogenesis are explained thoroughly. Special attention is focused on the interaction of arterial cells and lipoproteins at sites of vessel injury, lipid metabolism of the lesion and on synergy of arterial injury caused by various injury mechanisms and hypercholesterolemia in atherogenesis. Atherosclerotic risk factors and their impact on atherogenesis are discussed as well (e.g. hyperlipoproteinemia, hypertension, tobacco smoking, diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance, gout, obesity, menopause and oral contraceptives, diminished physical activity, type A of personality behavior etc.). The possibilities of regression or reversal of ateromatous plaques are presented too.
 ...
PMID:[Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. II. Etiopathogenic mechanisms and risk factors]. 223 16

Eating habits are deeply rooted and founded early in life. The need to change one's eating habits in order to treat a certain disease or a metabolic disorder may seem to impose a well nigh impossible task. It is therefore extremely important that the dietitian adjust the recommendations to each individual's needs, wishes and circumstances. The article translates nutritional objectives into practical advice. The desired dietary composition is essentially the same for the foods which are recommended for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertension.
 ...
PMID:[Diet treatment in clinical practice. Advice on diet--more than a knowledge of dietetics]. 225 Nov 3

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of death in diabetes mellitus. This may at least in part be due to lipoprotein abnormalities which have been described in these patients. Apolipoprotein-E is a component of most lipoprotein fractions and plays an important role in the catabolism of VLDL. The different apolipoprotein-E phenotypes determined genetically are associated with certain hyperlipoproteinemias in a various degree in nondiabetic patients. In most cases apolipoprotein-E phenotype E2/2 is characteristic for familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. Phenotype E3/2 was found to be more frequent in hypertriglyceridemia while phenotype E4/3 was associated with hypercholesterolemia as well as with type V hyperlipoproteinemia. We studied apolipoprotein-E phenotypes and serum lipids in 141 type II diabetic patients (36 normolipidemic 41 type IIa hyperlipidemic, 32 type IIb hyperlipidemic, 24 type II hyperlipidemic, 8 type V hyperlipidemic). the phenotype E3/3 was more common in normolipidemic diabetic (77.8%) than in hyperlipoproteinemic diabetic patients (42.9%) or in the control group (57.5%). On the other hand phenotype E3/2 was more frequent in hypertriglyceridemic (50%) than in normolipidemic (5.6%) or hypercholesterolemic (hyperlipoproteinemia IIa: 4.9%, IIb: 9.4%) diabetic patients. The phenotype E4/3 was more frequent in all hyperlipoproteinemic diabetic patients, especially in those having hypercholesterolemia (34.2%) or mixed hyperlipidemia (50%). In conclusion we found a strong association between apo-E2 and hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic patients. This association was stronger than the one found in the general population. The association between apo-E4 and hypercholesterolemia in diabetic patients was similar to the one described in non-diabetic patients. We therefore conclude that type II diabetes mellitus is a possible cofactor in the apolipoprotein-E2 associated hyperlipoproteinemia.
 ...
PMID:Apolipoprotein E phenotype frequency in type II diabetic patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. 227 5

A 59-year-old woman, one of 5 cases with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia reported at our clinic to date, had nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, but had neither coronary atherosclerosis nor xanthoma. A renal biopsy specimen revealed a massive cluster of foam cells containing apolipoprotein B and E in the mesangial region of the kidney. A restricted diet intake combined with lipid-lowering drugs such as cholestyramine, clinofibrate, and bezafibrate, in addition to methylprednisolone was not very effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels within physiological ranges. Therefore, plasmapheresis, using a dextran sulfate-cellulose column, was performed. Repeated plasmapheresis resulted in a marked decrease in both serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. A second renal biopsy specimen performed 2 years later revealed a marked reduction in foam cells with concurrent improvement in her nephrotic syndrome and glucose intolerance. These results suggest that familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia may be responsible for glomerular lipidosis resulting in nephrotic syndrome. They also indicate that plasmapheresis using a dextran sulfate-cellulose column is very effective in the removal of abnormal lipoproteins such as beta-very low density lipoprotein and intermediate density lipoprotein in a case of familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
 ...
PMID:Effects of plasmapheresis on familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with glomerular lipidosis, nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. 231 Apr 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>