Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two patients with diabetes and hypertension were treated with Doxazosin. An acceptable fall in blood pressure was found with 1 mg. in 50% of patients and 2-8 mgs. in 50%. An increase in HDL cholesterol and a fall in LDL cholesterol levels which reached statistical significance was observed. A small but significant increase in HBA1 levels occurred in the 50% of patients on the higher Doxazosin dose.
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PMID:Doxazosin in the management of hypertensive diabetes--a cautionary note (?). 138 16

The compliance of young patients with diabetes regimens is explored by means of a questionnaire filled in by both the patients and their nurses and compared with the patients' glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1) levels. The structured questionnaire was completed by 47 diabetics aged between 15 and 17 years. The adolescents had very similar views to the specialist nurse on their compliance with health regimens, and these assessments were also in line with the HBA1 values. One-third of the young patients showed a high degree of compliance with diabetes regimens, while just under a half showed average compliance; the remainder failed to comply adequately. Compliance was highest in the case of insulin treatment, self-care and co-operation with the nursing staff, and poorest in following dietary and home monitoring instructions.
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PMID:Compliance of young diabetics with health regimens. 160 66

In the present investigation, the frequency and severity of periodontal disease was assessed in a group of 71 patients with a mean duration of 16.5 years of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD). The diabetics, aged 17-63 years, were under treatment at the diabetic outpatient clinic of the III Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki and at two clinics of the Helsinki Health Centre. Based upon their long-term medical records, 44 individuals were assessed to have a poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PIDD). At baseline of the present study, the PIDD group had a mean blood glucose level of 11.8 mmol/l and a mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1) level of 10.7%. 27 subjects were classified as having a controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (CIDD). For each individual, site-specific recordings were made for the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, loss of attachment, bleeding after probing, gingival recession and radiographic loss of alveolar bone. Under similar plaque conditions, adult subjects with a long-term PIDD were found to have lost more approximal attachment and bone than subjects with a CIDD (P = 0.046, P = 0.019). These differences were not equally obvious when the subjects were classified according to the history of medical complications, such as retinopathies, neuropathies and nephropathies.
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PMID:Periodontal conditions in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 173 6

The purpose of this research was to assess compliance among young diabetics and its connection with attitudes prevailing in their families. The data on compliance and the nature of the families were gathered by the same questionnaire from the young people themselves and the nurses looking after them. The questionnaire was answered by 47 young diabetics aged from 15 to 17 years. Diabetes control was assessed from serum HBA1 values. The judgements of the young people and the nurses regarding compliance coincided well (t test, p = 0.189). 35% were classified as showing excellent compliance, 45% satisfactory compliance and the remaining 21% poor or no compliance. The worst results were obtained in the case of diet and home monitoring, and the best with respect to insulin treatment and cooperation with those responsible for carrying out the measures. Both the young people and the nurses perceived a connection between compliance with treatment and diabetes control. The young people in the more active families complied better with their therapeutic regimens than those in the less active ones.
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PMID:[Compliance of young diabetic patients with therapeutic regimens and participation by the family]. 207 64

The study was undertaken to determine whether overnight insulin requirements were being met during conventional insulin therapy in adolescents with IDDM. Overnight glucose and insulin profiles were compared when the subjects were on their usual insulin regime (baseline) and when the blood glucose was clamped using a variable rate insulin infusion (clamp). Thirteen adolescents (5 boys and 8 girls, median age 12.2 yr; range 10.5-15.4 yr; Median HBA1 11.4%; range 8.4-15.6) took part in the study. Three were on twice daily, two on multiple injection therapy and two on once daily insulin therapy. During the baseline studies, blood glucose concentrations fell to a nadir at 0200-0400 hr and then rose during the early hours of the morning. The clamp studies confirmed that the insulin requirement for euglycaemia was higher between 0500 and 0800 hr (15.4 +/- 0.9 mU/kg/hr) than between 0100 and 0400 (12.1 +/- 1.1 mU/kg/hr; p = 0.002). Comparison of the free insulin concentrations between the baseline and clamp nights, indicated that during the baseline study subjects were relatively over-insulinized during the early part of the night and under-insulinized during the latter part of the night irrespective of what insulin regime they were receiving. We conclude that current insulin regimes do not provide appropriate insulin delivery for the control of blood glucose during puberty.
Diabetes Res 1990 Nov
PMID:Failure of current insulin regimes to meet the overnight requirements of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. 213 2

The prevalence of overt diabetes mellitus and carbohydrate intolerance was studied in 448 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) developed in 7.6% of patients (13 male and 21 female). Survival was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the IDDM-CF group, with fewer than 25% surviving to age 30 years, whereas nearly 60% of the nondiabetic CF population reached this age. A significant deterioration in CF clinical status, based on NIH score, became apparent 2 years before onset of overt IDDM (P less than 0.05 at 2 years prior, P less than 0.01 at IDDM diagnosis). Total glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher for the total CF population (7.3% +/- 1.2%) than for the general non-CF population (6.5% +/- 0.7%), and in the IDDM-CF group (P less than 0.05) compared with normoglycemic CF control patients. Female patients had a higher mean HbA1 after 12 years of age than their male counterparts did (P less than 0.02). HBA1 did not predict the development of IDDM, but there was a weak inverse relationship between HbA1 and both NIH clinical score (r = -0.41, P less than 0.02) and standard pulmonary function tests (forced vital capacity, r = -0.25, P less than 0.01) in the general CF population. Therefore, impaired carbohydrate tolerance in CF is associated with progressive clinical deterioration.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus associated with cystic fibrosis. 334 74

We determined HBA1 (microcolumn method) and glycosylated albumin (fructosamine) in 23 healthy subjects, 35 patients with renal insufficiency without diabetes and 14 patients with diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency. All patients with renal insufficiency required dialysis. All diabetics were of type I and had been compensated on insulin. The HBA1 in the nondiabetic patients with renal insufficiency (9.4 +/- 1.4%) was significantly raised compared to that in the control group with healthy metabolism (7.3 +/- 0.6%). Irrespective of the quality of compensation, the diabetic patients had HBA1 values of more than 11% of average. On the other hand, the concentrations of glycosylated albumin in healthy nondiabetic patients and in diabetic patients with renal insufficiency did not differ (1.3 +/- 0.5 as compared to 1.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/l) and were all in the normal range. Well-adjusted diabetics with renal insufficiency had a fructosamine concentration of 1.9 +/- 0.7 mmol/l (theoretical value for a good compensation 2.0 to 2.8). We conclude that determination of HBA1 in pronounced renal insufficiency does not provide reliable values because carbamylated hemoglobin is also registered and determination of fructosamine (which only indicates the metabolic situation in the last three weeks, however) is to be preferred in this situation.
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PMID:[Determination of the metabolic condition in diabetics with renal insufficiency by means of the fructosamine test]. 380 36

HBA1 was used to evaluate the quality of treatment and regulation in 163 insulin treated diabetes patients. The mean of HBA1 in all patients was 11.2 +/- 2.4%. Only 24% of the patients had HBA1 values below the mean + 3 SD of non diabetics. Patients with high values of HBA1 were controlled and treated more intensively than those with lower or normal values. They were also seen more frequently at the outpatient clinic, their insulin doses were larger, and they took more frequent insulin injections. 63% of the patients practised home monitoring of blood glucose, but they were not better controlled than those, who did not. In some of the patients conspicuous discrepancies were found between high HBA1 percentages and low blood glucose values measured at the outpatient clinic. It is concluded, that home monitoring of blood glucose, frequent visits to an outpatient clinic, and 2 daily insulin injections do not appreciably improve diabetes control, and that other approaches are needed, e.g., greater co-operation by the patients in frequent adjustments of treatment between clinic visits.
Diabetes Res 1985 Sep
PMID:Glycosylated hemoglobin A1 used in quality-control of diabetes care: a cross-sectional study in an outpatient clinic. 406 76

The increased cardiovascular risk experienced by patients (particularly women) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is not fully explained by conventional risk factors including lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. To determine if plasma lipid peroxide concentrations are relevant to these observations, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in 56 young adult subjects with IDDM (mean age, 33 years; duration, 24 years) and 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The TBARS concentration was significantly higher in women with diabetes than in female controls (7.4 v 4.5 nmol/mL, P = .001), but not in men with IDDM (5.1 v 5.3 nmol/mL). Diabetic men showed a significant correlation between triglyceride and TBARS concentrations (P < .01), a finding not seen in diabetic women. Furthermore, there was a correlation between glycemic control (hemoglobin A1 [HBA1]) and TBARS in diabetic men, but not in women (P < .01). These findings raise the possibility that the relatively greater increase in cardiovascular disease risk seen in IDDM women compared with men may relate to their increased degree of lipid peroxidation, which is independent of their degree of glycemic control.
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PMID:Oxidized lipids in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a sex-diabetes interaction? 808 94

The relationship between diabetic macroangiopathy or microangiopathy and apolipoprotein B (apoB) polymorphism was studied in 139 male and 129 female patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) mellitus, comprising consecutive patients with poor diabetic control (HBA1 13.2% +/- 2.7 (SD)) referred to our hospital. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were higher in the patients who were homozygous for the X2 allele (presence of XbaI cleavage site). Patients with the X1 allele (absence of XbaI cleavage site) tended to have a higher frequency of macroangiopathy, although the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in the prevalence of microangiopathy between the groups. In subjects with only an R1 allele (= R+; homozygous for the presence of EcoRI cleavage site) the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was observed to be high (61.9%) as compared to the subjects possessing an R2 allele (= R-; homozygous or heterozygous for the absence of the EcoRI cleavage site) (46.7%; p < 0.02). When the polymorphisms XbaI (subjects homozygous for the absence of the cutting site = X+; subjects homozygous or heterozygous for the presence of the cutting site = X-) and EcoRI were combined, the prevalence of macroangiopathy was observed to be high in X+R+ (80.0%) as compared with X+R- (44.2%), X-R+ (56.8%) and X-R- (50.0%) (p < 0.03). The prevalence of macroangiopathy tended to be particularly high in patients with the apoprotein E4 allele (phenotype E4/4 or E4/3), combined with either X+ or R+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoprotein B gene DNA polymorphisms are associated with macro- and microangiopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 826 46


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