Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vulvar neoplasia as seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during a 38-year period (1935-1972) is reviewed. Of 1385 tissue specimens, 1053 were benign and 332 were malignant lesions. Of the malignant lesions, 246 were squamous cell carcinoma, both in situ and invasive. Of these, 192 were treated and followed and are reported on. There were 71 cases of in situ and 121 of invasive cancer. Of the patients, 64% were white and 36% were nonwhite, which corresponds to the patient population treated at the hospital. Ages of patients ranged from 21 to 86 years, with a median of 50 years. Of those with invasive cancer, 75% were postmenopausal and none was under the age of 30 years. There was a 29% incidence of nulliparity and a 64% incidence of obesity. Diabetes was noted in 64%. Syphilis was discovered in 26%. These patients had a high risk of being exposed to other venereal infections, particularly herpes which is suspect as a precursor of neoplasia. Vurrucous carcinoma are also likely to be of viral origin. Other malignancies were also present in 20% of patients. There was 1 case of chronic clyphocytic leukemia. Presenting symptoms were a lump, a white patch, pruritus, or bleeding. Pruritus was present in 46%. A leukoplakialike appearance was noted in most of the in situ lesions. Multicentric foci of origin were demonstrated in 35%, mostly in the in situ cases. Of the invasive cancers 60% were well differentiated and 11% were verrucous. Multiple histologic patterns were present in many cases. In 167 patients (67%), the initial treatment was surgical. Postoperative radiation was used in 30% of those with invasive cancer. Local recurrences followed in 22%. In those with multicentric foci the recurrence rate was 48%. 44 patients were known to have died, mostly from other causes. Survival was directly related to the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Primary vulvar neoplasia: a review of in situ and invasive carcinoma, 1935-1972. 85 43

Based on our new finding that an inflammation in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is primed or triggered (ontogenic inflammation) can regulate the homeostasis in ontogenesis, we have identified a new lipopolysaccharide from wheat flour (LPSw) that can induce ontogenic inflammation in adult mice. LPSw can prime adult mice to produce TNF when given orally or percutaneously, suggesting that it may maintain homeostasis in adults. LPSw can cure experimental animals of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ulcer, and herpes. It can also stimulate bone resorption and egg-laying, and shows a strong analgesic effect that is blocked by naloxone. This effect even allows a release from drug addiction. Suppression of serum cholesterol level by oral uptake of LPSw in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit was also observed. Infection of toxoplasma was prevented by oral uptake of LPSw. The realization that a single oral or percutaneous administration of LPSw may be a cure for multiple intractable diseases may lead to the presentation of a nontoxic type of Coley's toxin, which is known to be an efficient cancer treatment, but has high toxicity.
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PMID:Oral or percutaneous administration of lipopolysaccharide of small molecular size may cure various intractable diseases: a new version of Coley's toxin. 147 70

It is well established that insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease with a strong genetic link to the HLA locus. It is less well understood, however, how the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells is effected and why neighboring non-beta islet cells are spared. Also incompletely explained are the observations that, unlike other autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, IDDM does not preferentially affect females, the incidence of the disease is highest among young adults, and there are temporal correlations between the onset of the disease and emotional trauma. We have addressed some of these questions by using transgenic mice that constitutively express the MHC class I antigen Dd in the beta cells of the pancreas. Although both male and female Ins.Dd mice expressed equivalent amounts of the Dd protein only the males developed diabetes. The diabetes in the males could be reversed by castration, and the normoglycemic females became diabetic following either ovariectomy and the implantation of a slow-release pellet containing testosterone or the inclusion of dexamethasone in the drinking water. In contrast, transgenic mice that expressed the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D in the pancreatic beta cells were normoglycemic and showed no obvious histopathological consequences. The observation that the beta-cell dysfunction by the increased expression of the MHC class I protein Dd cannot be induced by the herpes viral protein suggests that the cellular damage is related to a specific structure or function of the MHC proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Male-specific beta-cell dysfunction and diabetes resulting from increased expression of a syngeneic MHC class I protein in the pancreata of transgenic mice. 196 48

Blacks, Hispanics, and whites were interviewed in a door-to-door survey assessing personal concern about AIDS relative to other health threats and willingness to attend in-home AIDS education programs. The survey consisted of three parts: (1) an open-ended inquiry regarding which health problems individuals wanted to learn more about, (2) ratings of concern about AIDS and nine other common health threats, and (3) assessment of willingness to participate in future neighborhood-based AIDS education programs. Usable data were obtained from 453 respondents. Sixty-seven health threats were mentioned in response to the open-ended inquiry; AIDS was mentioned by 50.7%, followed by cancer (19.9%). AIDS was mentioned more frequently by blacks (63.9%) than by Hispanics (42.5%) or whites (45.7%), X2(3) = 32.07, p less than .002. Participants also reported higher levels of concern about AIDS than any other health problem with the exception of cancer. Concern about AIDS was greater among blacks (M = 2.68) than among Hispanics (M = 2.33) or whites (M = 2.36), F(2,351) = 5.06, p less than .01. Differences as a function of ethnicity, gender, and/or age were observed with respect to concern about heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, drug abuse, colds and flu, and herpes. In general, blacks and Hispanics expressed more interest in participating in AIDS education programs than did whites. Concern about AIDS and other health threats was not consistently related to either disease prevalence or severity.
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PMID:AIDS and competing health concerns of blacks, Hispanics, and whites. 201 May 68

The records of 67 Israeli patients with classical Kaposi's sarcoma treated at Rambam Medical Center were analyzed retrospectively for clinical and laboratory data. As expected, all except 1 patient were of Jewish origin. There was a male predominance with a ratio of 2.2:1. The age of onset was mostly during the 5th to 7th decades of life. The course of the disease was usually slow and indolent. As has been already noted, we found a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (16.4%). Although a high frequency of second primary malignancy was seen in our patients, this was less so than that described in an American series, 15% as compared to 37%, respectively. The most frequent second malignancy was that of the lymphoreticular system. No serologic evidence for an association with types of herpes virus infection has been found. No alterations in humoral and cellular immunity were demonstrated. These data show similar clinical findings with those described in other series, besides the lower frequency of a second primary malignancy. Some discordance with that described before concerning the relationship with cytomegalovirus infection and T cells subsets was also noted.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma: retrospective study of 67 cases with the classical form. 230 73

The National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) was created by President Harry S Truman on June 24, 1948, as the third of the National Institutes of Health. NIDR's legislation contained the mandate to conduct research and research training to improve oral health. An impetus for federally funded dental research was the finding in World War II that the major cause of rejection for military service was missing teeth. Because of the population's widespread tooth decay problems, early NIDR research focused on eliminating dental caries. NIDR scientists confirmed the safety and effectiveness of the use of fluoride in tooth decay prevention, leading to one of the nation's most successful public health efforts, community water fluoridation. During the past 40 years, NIDR scientists have provided research advances and fostered technologies which changed the philosophy and practice of dentistry and brought dental sciences into the mainstream of biomedical research. Dental researchers contribute to studies of such diseases and problems as AIDS, cancer, arthritis, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, herpes, craniofacial anomalies, pain, and bone and joint disorders. NIDR's 40th anniversary in 1988 recognizes its continuing commitment to oral disease prevention and health research, and to achieving the goal of people maintaining their natural dentition for a lifetime.
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PMID:NIDR--40 years of research advances in dental health. 314 Feb 76

Routine obstetric screening for all patients should include a Pap smear, urinalysis and urine culture, complete blood count, blood type, Rh factor and direct Coombs' test. Patients should also be screened for syphilis, rubella, gonorrhea and diabetes. For patients at high risk for certain conditions, additional studies of value include obstetric ultrasound, amniocentesis, serum alpha-fetoprotein level and screening for sickle cell anemia, herpes, hepatitis B, Chlamydia and human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Prenatal screening. 328 2

In a double-blind group comparative study, 36 adult, birch pollen-allergic outpatients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis, were treated with either oral prednisolone 7.5 mg daily for 3 weeks or an injection with 2 ml suspension of betamethasone dipropionate and betamethasone disodium phosphate (Diprospan) immediately prior to the birch pollen season. Both treatments were able to prevent an increase in symptoms from the nose and the eyes during the 3-week birch pollen season. There was no significant difference in symptom score or nasal peak flow between the two treatments. However, there was a significant suppression of adrenal gland function after oral prednisolone treatment in contrast to Diprospan treatment. Unless there are contraindications for treatment with depot steroid injections (children, pregnant women, patients suffering from peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, eye disease, herpes, hypertension or diabetes) it seems to be a reasonable alternative to oral prednisolone in hay fever patients.
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PMID:Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. oral prednisolone in hay fever patients. 359 39

An analysis was conducted of the major findings of a long term follow up study of 3076 subjects who were exposed to viral infections in utero and who at the time of analysis were up to 40 years of age. Mortality and morbidity were compared with those in a control population matched for sex and date and area of birth. An excess of cancers (16 cases against seven) appeared to be clustered among those exposed to herpes viruses (varicella or cytomegalovirus). There was evidence of an increased risk of diabetes among those exposed to mumps during the first trimester (four cases among 128 subjects against none in 148 controls). The most surprising finding was a decrease of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and of the nervous system among subjects exposed to antenatal varicella zoster infection. The mechanism for the association may include production of fetal anti-idiotype antibodies in response to transplacentally acquired maternal autoantibodies.
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PMID:Long term effects of exposure to viral infections in utero. 391 51

Experiments were performed on 12-wk-old nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice to investigate the immunologic background of the condition, using ICR mice as controls. The results indicate the following: (1) absolute decreases in number of T lymphocytes, (2) depression of natural killer activity, (3) normal responsiveness in delayed type hypersensitivity and functional depression of killer T cells against allogeneic tumors, (4) diminished resistance to herpes virus infection, and (5) enhanced production of polyclonal antibodies to T cell-dependent antigens. These features are similar to those noted in other autoimmune diseases of man and in their experimental models in laboratory animals. Elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanism of autoimmune diabetes mellitus in NOD mice, therefore, may contribute to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a wide variety of autoimmune diseases.
Diabetes 1983 Mar
PMID:Immunologic aspects of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Abnormalities of cellular immunity. 629 42


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